张培基_英译中国现代散文选_完美打印版

艰难的国运与雄健的国民 艰难的国运与雄健的国民 李大钊 National Crisis vs. Heroic Nation Li Dazhao 历史的道路，不会是坦平的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才 能冲过去的(1)。 一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界(2)，平原无际，一泻万里(3)。 有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于期间，回环曲折，极其 险峻(4)。民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。 The course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them. A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundless on either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise. 人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人(5)所经过的地方，有时是坦荡 平原，有时是崎岖险路(6)。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，因是高高兴兴地向前走， 走到崎岖的境界，俞是奇趣横生(7)，觉得在此奇绝壮绝(8)的境界，俞能感到一种冒险 的美趣(9)。 中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这段道路上，实在亦有一 种奇绝壮绝的境至，使我们经过此段道路的人，感得一种壮美的趣味，是非有雄健的 精神的，不能够感觉到的。 The historical course of man’s life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure. The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course. Nevertheless, there is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor. And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit. 我们的扬子江、黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神，扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见 山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势(10)。目前的艰 难境界，那能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。我们应该拿出雄健的精神，高唱着进行的曲 调，在这悲壮歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知(11)在艰难的国运中建造国家， 亦是人生最有趣味的事……。 The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are both symbolic of our national spirit the two mighty rivers negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force. The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance of our national life. Let us brace up our spirits and march through this rugged, dangerous road to the tune of our solemn, stirring songs. The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during its most difficult days. 注释:李大钊此文载于 1923 年 12 月 20 日《新国民》第一卷第 2 号上，短小隽永，堪称一首诗意 盎然的抒情散文诗。作者用象征，比喻等手法，说明历史发展的必然规律以及中国革命面临的艰 难险阻。 (1)“这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的”译为 nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them，其中 nothing short of 相当于 nothing less than 或 only。 (2)“宽阔的境界”须按上下文译为 a broad section。“境界”在这里不宜译为 realm、place、area 等。 (3)“一泻万里”译为 rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles，但也可译为rolling on vigorously for tens of thousands of miles 或 rolling on for thousands of miles at a stretch。 (4)“回环曲折，极其险峻”译为 winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn， 其中 twist and turn 来自成语 twists and turns。此句亦可译为 following a dangerous tortuous course。 (5)“征人”即“远行之人”，故译“旅途上的征人”为 a traveler on a long journey。 (6)“有时……，有时……”译为 now……now……（＝sometimes……and sometimes……）。 (7)“奇趣横生”意即“极度吸引人”，故译为 fascinating。 (8)“奇绝壮绝”意即“无限壮观”，故译为 the enormously magnificent spectacle。 (9)“感到一种冒险的美趣”意即“一种敢于冒险的美妙感觉”，原译为 a wonderful sensation of adventure。 (10)“遇见沙漠，遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势” 译negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force, 其中动词 to negotiate 的意思是“顺利通过”（to succeed in getting past something difficult）。又，注意 until 在这里的用法。它在此不作“直到……为止”解，而是 so that finally（“以至于……”或 “最后”）的意思。 (11)“要知”译为 mind you，插入句中。成语 mind you 的意思是 mind what I say 或 however, 相当于汉语的“请注意”或“说真的”。 螃 蟹 鲁迅 The Crab Lu Xun 老螃蟹觉得不安了，觉得全身太硬了(1)，自己知道要蜕壳(2)了。 他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口，隐隐的蜕壳。他知道外面蜕壳(3)是危险的。身子还软(4)，要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非空害怕，他实在亲眼见过。 An old crab grew restless. Finding himself stiff all over, he knew it was time for him to moult his shell. He dashed here and there in search of a cave to hide. He was going to block up the mouth of cave so that he could moult in secret. He knew it would be very dangerous to shed his shell in the open because, with his new shell still being soft, he might be eaten up by other crabs. This fear was not groundless for he himself had really seen it happen to other moulting crabs. 他慌慌张张的走。 旁边的螃蟹(5)问他说：“老兄，你何以这般慌？”他说：“我要蜕壳了。”“就在这里蜕不是很好么？我还要帮你呢。”“那可太怕人了。”“你不怕窟穴里的别的东西，却怕我们同种么？”“我不是怕同种。” “那是怕什么呢？” “就怕你要吃掉我(6)。” The old crab kept moving about in a hurry. A nearby crab asked, “Hey, brother, what’s the rush?” “I am going to moult,” answered the old crab. “Wouldn’t it be all right to moult right here? I could help you out with it.” “How horrible that would be!” “You mean while you’ll not scared of other things in the cave you’re scared of your own kind?” “No, I’m not scared of my own kind.” “Then what are you scared of?” “Nothing but being eaten up by you.” 注释:《螃蟹》是近年发现的鲁迅佚文。文章发表于 1919 年 8 月间，时值五四运动方兴未艾，作 者通过寓言故事，提醒人们新生事物往往有被旧事物消灭于萌芽状态的危险。 (1)“觉得全身太硬了”译为 Finding himself stiff al over，其中 all over 意即“全身”或“浑 身”，作状语短语用。如逐字译为 finding his whole body stiff 并无不可，但语言稍欠地道。 (2)“蜕壳”译为 to moult his shell，其中 to moult 为专用语，意同 to cast off。 (3)“外面蜕壳”中的“外面”意即“在露天”，故译为（to moult）in the open，以代替 to moult outside the cave。 (4)“身子还软”意即“蜕去旧壳后新壳还软”，故译为 with his new shell still being soft。如 按字面直译为 with his body still being soft 则欠确切，因“身子”在此指“新壳”，不泛指“躯体”。 (5)“旁边的螃蟹”译为 A nearby crab 比Ａcrab beside him 灵活。 (6)“就怕你要吃掉我”译为 Nothing but being eaten up by you, 乃 I’m scared of nothing but being eaten up by you 之略。 落花生 许地山 Peanuts Xu Dishan 我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说：“让它荒芜着怪可惜，既然你们那么爱吃花生， 就辟来做花生园罢(1)。”我们几个姊弟(2)和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种，动 土的动土，灌园的灌园；过了不几个月，居然收获了！ Behind our house there lay half a mou of vacant land. Mother said, “it’s a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so very much, why not plant some here?” that exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months! 妈妈说：“今晚我们可以做一个收获节(3)，也请你们的爹爹来尝尝我们底新花生， 如何？”我们都答应了。母亲把花生做成好几样食品(4)，还吩咐这节期要在园里底茅 亭举行。 Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed. Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot. 那晚上底天色不大好(5)，可是爹爹也来到，实在很难得！爹爹说：“你们爱吃花 生吗？” It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, father came nevertheless. “Do you like peanuts?” asked father. 我们都争着答应：“爱！” “Yes, we do!” we vied in giving the answer. “谁能把花生底好处说出来？”姊姊说：“花生底气味很美。”哥哥说：“花生可以榨油。” 我说：“无论何等人都江堰市可以用贱价买它来吃；都喜欢吃它。这是它的好处。” “Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?” “Peanuts taste good,” said my elder sister. “Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder brother. “Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyone’s favourite. That’s why we call peanuts good.” 爹爹说：“花生底用处固然很多；但有一样是很可贵的。这小小的豆(6)不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴，把它们底果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜色(7)，令人一望而发生羡慕的心。它只把果子埋在地底，等到成熟，才容人把它挖出来。你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩(8)地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它才能知道。” “It’s true that peanuts have many uses,” said father, “but they’re most beloved in one respect. Unlike nice-looking apples, peaches and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people’s admiration with their brilliant colours, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until they’re ripe. When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bear any nuts until you touch them.” 我们都说：“是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说：“所以你们要像花生(9)，因为它是有用的，不是伟大、好看的东西。”我说：“那么，人要做有用的，不要做伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说：“这是我对于你们的希望。” 我们谈到夜阑才散，所有花生食品虽然没有了，然而父亲底话现在还印在我心版上。 “That’s true,” we said in unison. Mother also nodded. “So you must take after peanuts,” father continued, “because they’re useful though not great and nice- looking.”“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,” I said. “That’s what I except of you,” father concluded. We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night. Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, father’s words remain engraved in my mind. 注释:本文是许地山（1892-1941）的名篇。作者回忆自己童年时代一个小小片断，以朴实无华、 清新自然的笔调，从花生的平凡而有用，谈到做人的道理，富于哲理，反映他身处旧社会的污泥 浊流而洁身自好、不慕虚名的思想境界。 (1)原句也可译为 why not have them planted here 或 why not make a peanut plot of it，但现译更 直截了当，且避免在同一句中重复 peanuts 一词。 (2)“几姊弟”在下文将涉及，为防累赘，译为 children。 (3)“做一个收获节”不宜直译为 hold a harvest festival，现取意译。 (4)“食品”也可译为 food，但不如 goodies 贴切；goodies 指“好吃的东西”，常用于口语。 (5)“那晚上底天色不大好”译为 It looked like rain that evening, 符合原意和英语习惯。 (6)“这小小的豆”译为 tiny little peanuts。英语中常把 tiny 和 little 用在一起，有“小得可怜（爱）”等含意。 (7)“鲜红嫩绿”不宜直译，译 brilliant colours 即可。 (8)“瑟缩”意即“蜷曲而不舒展”，故有现译。 (9)“你们要像花生”译为 you must take after peanuts，其中 take after 是成语，意即 take……as an example（学习……的榜样）。 差不多先生传 胡适 Mr. About-the Same Hu Shih 你知道中国最有名的人是谁？ Do you know who is the most well-known person in China? 提起此人，人人皆晓，处处闻名。他姓差，名不多(1)，是各省各县各村人氏。你一定见过他，一定听说过别人谈起他。差不多先生的名字天天挂在大家的口头，因为他是中国全国人的代表。 The name of this person is a household word all over the country. His name is Cha and his given name, Buduo, which altogether mean “About the Same”. He is a native of every province, every country and every village in this country. You must have seen or heard about this person. His name is always on the lips of everybody because he is representative of the whole Chinese nation. 差不多先生的相貌和你和我都差不多。他有一双眼睛，但看的不很清楚；他有两只耳朵，但听的不很分明；有鼻子和嘴，但他对于气味和口味都不很讲究。他的脑子也不小，但他的记性却不很精明，他的思想也不很细密(2)。Mr. Cha Buduo has the same physiognomy as you and I. He has a pair of eyes, but doesn’t see clearly. He has a pair of ears, but doesn’t hear well. He has a nose and a mouth, but lacks a keen sense of smell and taste. His brain is none too small, but he is weak in memory and sloppy in thinking. 他常常说：“凡事只要差不多，就好了。何必太精明呢？” 他小的时候，他妈叫他去买红糖，他买了白糖回来。他妈骂他，他摇摇头说： “红糖白糖不是差不多吗？” He often says: “whatever we do, it’s OK to be just about right. What’s the use of being precise and accurate:” One day, when he was a child, his mother sent him out to buy her some brown sugar, but he returned with some white sugar instead. As his mother scolded him about it, he shook his head and said, “Brown sugar or white sugar, aren’t they about the same?” 他在学堂的时候，先生问他：“直隶省(3)的西边是哪一省？”他说是陕西。先生说：“错了。是山西，不是陕西。”他说：“陕西同山西，不是差不多吗？” One day in school, the teacher asked him, “Which province borders Hebei on the west?” He answered, “Shaanxi,” The teacher corrected him, “You are wrong. It’s Shanxi, Not Shaanxi.” He retorted, “Shaanxi or Shanxi, aren’t they about the same?” 后来他在一个钱铺(4)里做伙计，他也会写，也会算，只是总不会精细。十字常常写成千字，千字常常写成十字。掌柜的生气了，常常骂他。他只是笑嘻嘻地赔小心道：“千字比十字只多一小撇，不是差不多吗？” Later Mr. Cha Buduo served as an assistant at a money shop. He could write and calculate all right, but his mathematics were/was often faulty. He would mistake the Chinese character 十（meaning 10）for 千（meaning 1000）or vice versa. The shop owner was infuriated and often took him to task. But he would only explain apologetically with a grin, “The character 千 differs from 十 in merely having one additional short stroke. Aren’t they about the same?” 有一天他为了一件要紧的事，要搭火车到上海去。他从从容容地走到火车站，迟了两分钟，火车已经开走了。他白瞪着眼，望着远远的火车上煤烟，摇摇头道：“只好明天再走了，今天走同明天走，也差不多。可是火车公司未免太认真了。8点30分开，同8点32分开，不是差不多吗？“他一面说，一面慢慢地走回家，心里总不明白为什么火车不肯等他两分钟。 One day, he wanted to go to Shanghai by train on urgent business. But he arrived at the railway station unhurriedly only to find the train already gone, because he was two minutes late. He stood staring helplessly at the smoke belching from the diminishing train, and shook his head, “Well, all I can do is leave tomorrow. After all, today and tomorrow are about the same. But isn’t the railway taking it too seriously? What’s the difference between departing at 8:30 and 8:32?” He walked home slowly while talking to himself and kept puzzling over why the train hadn’t waited for him for two minutes more. 有一天，他忽然得了急病，赶快叫家人去请东街的汪医生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去，一时寻不着东街的汪大夫，却把西街牛医王大夫请来了。差不多先生病在床上，知道寻错了人；但病急了，身上痛苦，心里焦急，等不得了，心里想道：“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多，让他试试看罢。”于是这位牛医王大夫走近床前，用医牛的法子给差不多先生治病。不上一点钟，差不多先生就一命呜呼了。 One day he suddenly fell ill and immediately told one of his families to fetch Dr. Wang of East Street. The latter went in hurry, but couldn’t find the physician on East Street. So he fetched instead Veterinarian Wang of West Street. Mr. Cha Buduo, lying on his sickbed, knew that a wrong person had been brought home. But, what with pain and worry, he could ill afford to wait any longer. So he said to himself, “Luckily, Vet Wang is about the same as Dr. Wang. Why not let Vet Wang have a try?” there- upon, the veterinarian walked up to his bed to work on him as if he were a cow. Consequently, Mr. Cha Buduo kicked the bucket before an hour was out. 差不多先生差不多要死的时候，一口气断断续续地说道：“活人同死人也……差……差不多，……凡事只要……差……差……不多……就……好了，……何……何……必……太……太认真呢？”他说完了这句格言(5)，方才绝气了。 When Mr. Cha Buduo was about to breathe his last, he uttered intermittently in one breath, “Live or die, it’s about…about…the same…Whatever we do…it’s OK…to be …just…just about right... Why…why…take it…so seriously?” as soon as he finished this pet phrase of his, he stopped breathing. 他死后，大家都很称赞差不多先生样样事情看得破，想得通(6)；大家都说他一生不肯认真，不肯算账，不肯计较，真是一位有德行的人。于是大家给他取个死后的法号，叫他做圆通大师。 After Mr. Cha Buduo death, people all praised him for his way of seeing things and his philosophical approach to life. They say that he refused to take things seriously all his life and that he was never calculating or particular about personal gains or losses. So they called him a virtuous man and honored him with the posthumous reverent title Master of Easy-Going. 他的名誉越传越远，越久越大。无数无数的人都学他的榜样。于是人人都成了一个差不多先生。——然而中国从此就成为一个懒人国了。 His name has spread far and wide and become more and more celebrated with the passing of time. Innumerable people have come to follow his example, so that everybody has become a Mr. Cha Buduo. But lo, China will hence be a nation of lazybones! 注释：胡适（1891-1962）的《差不多先生传》是一篇针砭社会陋习的讽刺小品，1924 年 6 月 28 日发表在《申报•平民周刊》的创刊号上，曾不胫而走，传诵一时。此文至今读来，犹感有极深 刻的现实意义。 (1)“他姓差，名不多”如仅仅译为 His name is Cha and his given name, Buduo，外国读者只 知其音，不知其意，故在后面加补充说明 which altogether mean “About the Same”。 (2)“他的思想也不很细密”译为 He is…sloppy in thinking, 其中 sloppy 作“无条理”、“凌 乱”解。 (3)“直隶”为旧省名，即今之“河北”，故译为Ｈebei。 (4)“钱铺”又称“钱庄”，大多仅从事兑换业务，后为银行所代替。“钱铺”可译为 private bank 或 banking house，但均不如 money (exchange) shop 确切。 (5)“格言”在这里意同“口头语”，现参照上下文译为 pet phrase。 (6)“想得通”意即“达观”或“随遇而安”，故译为 philosophical approach to life。 不要抛弃学问(1) 胡适 Never Give Up the Pursuit of Learning Hu Shih 诸位毕业同学，你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送给你们，只好送你 们一句话罢。 Dear students of the Graduating Class, As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice. 这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为这张文凭，不得已而做的，从今而后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了(2)。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，努力做学问(3)也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的(4)。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年后，你们都江堰市要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。 My advice is, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.” You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again. 有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学 问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？” 我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡 是要等到有了实验室才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个 问题，自然会撙衣节食(5)去买书，自然会想出来法子来设置仪器。 Some people say, “Once you have a job, you’ll come up against the urgent problem of making a living. How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or no laboratory available?” Now let me tell you this. Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available. As long as you set your mind on studies, you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments. 至于时间，更不成问题(6)。达尔文一生多病，不能多作工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你们看他的成绩！每天花一点钟看10页有用的书，每年可看3600多页书，30年可读11万页书。 Time is no object. Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day due to ill health. Yet what a remarkable man he was! If you spend one hour a day reading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3600 pages a year, and 110000 pages in 30 years. 诸位，11万页书可以使你成一个学者了，可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫，四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢，还打麻将呢？还是努力做一个学者呢？全靠你们自己的选择(7)！ Dear students, 110000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of man. It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and half hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day. Reading tabloids, playing mah-jong or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you. 易卜生说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。”学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。再会了！你们的母校眼睁睁地要看(8)你们十年之后成什么器。 Henrik Ibsen says, “it is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.” Learning is the casting mould. Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself. Farewell! Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now. 注释：本文是胡适 1928-1930 年在上海任中国公学校长时为毕业生所作赠言，至今仍有参考价值。 (1)“不要抛弃学问”在这里的意思是“不要放弃对学问的追求”，因此不能直译为 Never Give up Learning，必须加字：Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning。 (2“) 你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了”译为 you are free to follow your personal bent in the choice of studies，其中 to follow one’s bent 是成语，和 to follow one’s inclination 同义，作“做自 己感兴趣或爱做的事”解。 (3)“做学问”译为 to go into scholarship, 等于 to engage in learning。 (4)“学问决不会辜负人的”译为 Knowledge will do you a good turn，其中 to do one a good turn 是成语，作“做对某人有益的事”解. (5) “撙衣节食”即“省吃省穿”，现译为 cut down on food and clothing, 其中 to cut down on 是成语，与 to economize on 同义，作“节约”解。又，上语也可译为 to live frugally。 (6)“至于时间，更不成问题”译为 Time is no object,其中 no object 是成语，等于 no problem， 作“不成问题”或“不在话下”解。 (7)“全靠你们自己的选择”译为 the choice lies with you 或 it is up to you to make the choice。 (8)“你们的母校眼睁睁地要看……”中的“眼睁睁地”通常的意思是“无可奈何地”，现 在这里作“热切地”解，故译为 eagerly。 我之于书(1) 夏丐尊 Books and I Xia Mianzun 二十年来，我的生活费中至少十分之一二是消耗在书上的(2)。我的房子里(3)比较 贵重的东西就是书。 我一向没有对于任何问题作高深研究的野心，因之所以买的书范围较广，宗教、 艺术、文学、社会、哲学、历史、生物，各方面差不多都有一点。最多的是各国文学 名著的译本，与本国古来的诗文集，别的门类只是些概论等类的入门书而已。 For twenty years past, books have eaten into at least 10-20 percent of my pocket. Now the only things of some value under my roof, if any, are my books. Since I have never entertained ambition for making a profound study of any subject, the books I have acquired cover almost everything--religion, art, literature, sociology, philosophy, history, biology, etc. Most of them are Chinese translations of literary works by famous foreign writers and anthologies of Chinese poetry and prose through the ages. The rest, often called an outline or introduction, are merely on rudiments of various subjects. 我不喜欢向别人或图书馆借书。借来的书，在我好像过不来瘾似的(4)，必要是自己买的才满足。这也可谓是一种占有的欲望。买到了几册新书，一册一册在加盖藏书印(5)记，我最感到快悦的是这时候。 I never care to borrow books from other people or a library. It seems that books bought can better satisfy my bibliomania than books borrowed. You may also attribute this to some sort of desire for personal possession. Whenever I have some new acquisitions, it always gives me great pleasure and satisfaction to stamp my ex-libris on them one by one. 书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。页数不多的往往立刻通读(6)，篇幅大的，只把正文任择一二章节略加翻阅，就插在书架上。除小说外，我少有全体读完的大部的书，只凭了购入当时的记忆，知道某册书是何种性质，其中大概有些什么可取的材料而已。什么书在什么时候再去读再去翻，连我自己也无把握，完全要看一个时期一个时期的兴趣。关于这事，我常自比为古时的皇帝，而把插在架上的书籍诸列屋而居的宫女(7)。 As soon as a new book comes to hand, I always read the preface first and then the table of contents. If it happens to be a thin one, I often finish reading it at one sitting. Otherwise, I