耶鲁专升本英语常见易混易错同义词辨析与精练

耶鲁专升本英语常见易混易错同义词辨析与精练 耶鲁专升本英语常见易混易错同义词辨析与精练 1. clothes, cloth, clothing 　clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident 　incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number 　amount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students 4. family, house, home 　home 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise 　sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing 　photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word 　vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people 　population人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate 　weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way 　road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径 　take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject 　course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course 12. custom, habit 　custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason 　cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice 　exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 　作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture 　speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on… 17. officer, official 　officer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job 　二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job 19. couple, pair 　couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land 　country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker 　cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages 　damage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman 　police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question 　problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用 25. man, a man 　man人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 　二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 　当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage 　travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game 　sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize 　price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low 高中英语几乎所有的语法 （1） 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语从句 1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2． 构成：关联词+简单句 3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1． 连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2． 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 （2）主语从句 1． 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2． 构成：关联词+简单句 3． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1． 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如： It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。 It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如： It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。 E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。 F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？ Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！ 2．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。 Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖 （3）宾语从句 1． 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2． 构成：关联词+简单句 3． 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如： He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。 注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1． Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。) 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。) 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 4． We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。) 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。 (2)从属连词if/whether。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如： Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。 I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。 I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。 (1) 介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如： He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。 I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。 I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。 Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。 有时介词可以省略。如： I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。 Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。 解释： 1．如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。 2．作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。 You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。 介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如： Are you sorry for what you've done? 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？ 3．某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如： I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。 I'm afraid you don't understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。 I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。 Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。 4．连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句 if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如： I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较： Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。 5．宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如： I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。 I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。 I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？ 6． 宾语从句的时态变化规律： (1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。 (2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。 （4）同位语从句 1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2． 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如： I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 解释： 1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上 that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语 如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。) 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如： This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。 测试： A. 用适当的连接词填空： 1． It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray. 2. I have no idea we can do with these waste materials. 3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4. It is hoped nature will never be destroyed. 5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ---- Is that you had a few days off? 7. Word came I was wanted at the office. 8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster? 9. The teacher didn't tell me we were wrong. 10. It's generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. B. 单项选择： 1． It was true Alice did surprised her mother. A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that 2. Does matter much he can't come to the meeting. A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether 3. ----What are you anxious about? ---- . A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed 4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working. A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because 5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person 6. I really don't know ____________ I had this photo taken. A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why 7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember . A. where B. there C. which D. that 8. ----What do you think of China? --- different life is today from it used to be. A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that 9. Give this to you think can do the work well. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 10. troubles me is I can't learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 : A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 1-5 CABBB 6-10 ACACD （5）同位语从句 1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2． 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如： I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 解释： 1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上 that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语 如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。) 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如： This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。 测试： A. 用适当的连接词填空： 1． It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray. 2. I have no idea we can do with these waste materials. 3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4. It is hoped nature will never be destroyed. 5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ---- Is that you had a few days off? 7. Word came I was wanted at the office. 8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster? 9. The teacher didn't tell me we were wrong. 10. It's generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. B. 单项选择： 1． It was true Alice did surprised her mother. A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that 2. Does matter much he can't come to the meeting. A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether 3. ----What are you anxious about? ---- . A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed 4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working. A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because 5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person 6. I really don't know ____________ I had this photo taken. A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why 7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember . A. where B. there C. which D. that 8. ----What do you think of China? --- different life is today from it used to be. A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that 9. Give this to you think can do the work well. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 10. troubles me is I can't learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that 答案: A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 1-5 CABBB 6-10 ACACD (6）不定式的构成 1. 不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。 不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）： 主动式 被动式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing / 完成进行式 to have been doing / 1) 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如： They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。 2) 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如： She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。 I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do. 我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。 It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country. 对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。 3) 不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如： It’s nice of you to be helping us these days. 你真好，这些天一直帮我们。 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。 We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。 4) 不定式的完成进行式 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如： They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。 We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。 5) 动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如： Try not to be late again next time. 尽量下次不要再迟到。 He wished us never to meet her again. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。 6) 疑问词+动词不定式： 不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。如： On hearing the news, he didn't know whether to laugh or to cry. 听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。 When to hold the meeting has not decided. 什么时候开会还没有决定。 The most important problem is how to get so much money. 最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。 介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如： Mary gave some advice on how to learn English. 玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。 I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道该怎么做。 （7）-ing分词的构成 1. -ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如： The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen''s full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It''s a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。 2) -ing分词（短语）作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。 The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 3) -ing分词作宾语： ①–ing分词作动词宾语。如：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。 ②-ing分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如： I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？ ③-ing分词作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如： I''m against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。 They don’t feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路。 He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter. 他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。 此类短语还有很多。如：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, be responsible for（对……负责）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑，想到）, dream of（梦想）, object to（反对，抗议）, hear of（听说）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from（防止，阻止）, stop…from（防止，阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依*，依赖）, thank…for（因……而道谢）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（献身于）, set about（着手做）, be/get used to（习惯于）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（对……厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做……）, be interested in（对……感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对……感到羞愧）等等。 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如： I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。 He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing