2010年高考英语非谓语动词考点难点归纳与突破课件

nullnull2010年 高考非谓语动词考点难点归纳与突破null1. 非谓语动词的时态与语态； 2. 非谓语动词的否定式； 3. 不定式符号的省略及疑问结构； 4. 动词不定式的各种形式及应用； 5. -ing结构的各种形式及应用； 6. -ed结构在句中的不同用法； 7.非谓语动词作宾语、定语、表语等的辨析； 8.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等。 null第一节 不定式常考必记要点归纳 1. 下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay, expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to, would like to等。 2. 不定式常用的句型：too…to do （太……而不能）, …enough to do…（够……就能……）, so as to do/in order to do（为了……）， so…as to do/such…as to do（如此……结果……）。在这些常用句型中，注意so as to /in order to，前一个不能用于句首，而in order to既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。so…as to与such…as to的区别是：so后一般接形容词或副词、可数名词单数（so + adj.+ a/ an + n.）。“such”后一般接可数名词复数、不可数名词和可数名词单数形式（such + a/an + adj. + n.）。 null3. 不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。否定结构为“not (never) to do”；疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”；复合结构是“for/ of +名词（或代词宾格）+ to do ”。 4. 不定式的三个时态形式和两个被动语态形式（可记忆为三时两语） null5.let/make/have/see/hear/notice/observe/listen to/look at/watch/feel 这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时，应加上to。动词help后面作宾补的不定式可省略to，也可加to。例：I saw him go upstairs. 被动形式是: He was seen to go upstairs. 6.当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right, determination, ability, opportunity（机会），way时，一般用不定式作定语。例如： A) It is time to get up. （该起床了。） B) He didn't have a chance to go to school before liberation.（解放前，他没有机会去上学。） null7. but/except + to do/ do 结构，要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do, does, did时，but后用动词原形；谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。 8. 不定式的逻辑主语要与主语保持一致 To study a foreign language, practice is needed. 这个句子逻辑主语不一致，应改为：To study a foreign language, one needs practice. 学习外语需要操练。 9. 形容词后一般用不定式（除busy, worth 两个外）例如： A) You are sure to succeed. （你一定能成功。） B) I’m sorry to have given you a lot of trouble.（对不起，给你带来那么多麻烦。） C) He is busy preparing his lessons at present. （他现在正忙于预习功课。） null10. 不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。 A) This is a bench to sit on.（这是用来坐的凳子。） B) This room is comfortable to live in. （这个房间住起来很舒适。） 11. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。例： The question is easy to answer. （question是answer的宾语，不能说：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说：The question is easy to answer it .） 12. 不定式的动词与前面的动词一致时，可以省掉该动词，但to 不能省掉；其后如是be 或have等词时，一般不能省。 null第二节 动名词常考必记要点归纳 1. 以下动词和动词短语后只能接动名词： 常用动词：finish, mind, suggest, keep, enjoy, practice, consider, excuse, miss, escape, resist, allow, permit, imagine, risk, delay, forbid, appreciate, understand 动词短语：give up, insist on, look forward to, it is (no )good (use, harm), object to, get down to, devote oneself to, spend…doing, prevent…(from)…, waste…doing, have (no) difficulty (in) doing, keep…from, stop…from, stick to …null2. 接不定式、动名词意义不同的动词和结构： stop to do/stop doing 停下来做……/ 停止做……. remember to do/remember doing 记住要去做……/ 记得曾做过…… forget to do/forget doing 忘记去做…/ 忘记曾做过… try to do/try doing 努力（尽力）做……/ 试着做 regret to do/regret doing 遗憾地去做…/ 后悔做过…… mean to do/mean doing 打算做……/ 意味着做…… want to do/want doing 想做……/ 需要被做… go on to do/go on doing 接着做另一件事/ 接着做未做完的同一事 nulllike to do/like doing 喜欢做……（非经常性）/ 喜欢做（指习惯，爱好）. feel like doing/would like to do 想做……/（要做……） set about doing/set out to do 开始做…… prefer doing/prefer to do 喜欢做…… prefer + doing to + doing would rather + do than + do 宁愿……而不愿 prefer to + do rather than + do used to + do 过去经常做…… be used to + do 被用来做…… be/get used to doing 养成做……习惯 can’t help (to) + do 不能帮助做…… can’t help doing 止不住地做…… can’t help but + do 不得不 cannot choose but +do=cannot but do null3. 动名词的两个结构（即否定结构和复合结构） 否定结构: not +动名词； 复合结构：代词宾格（形容词性物主代词） + 动名词 名词（名词所有格） 注：该结构置于句首时（作主语），只能用括号中间的结构。作宾语两者均可。 例：1) They felt sorry for not arriving in time. （没能及时到达，他们感到很抱歉。） 2) Do you mind my /me opening the window? （我打开窗你介意吗？） 3) Our going there is allowed. （我们获准去那里。）【注意在句首不能用us】 null4. 动名词的时态和语态 null5. 动词need、want、require、deserve后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义（= to be + 过去分词）。 例：The baby wants washing. (= to be washed) 6. 在worth后用动名词主动形式，在worthy后用动名词被动形式。 例：The film is worth seeing. =The film is worthy of being seen. =The film is worthy to be seen. 7. to后接动词时，to是不定式符号，应该接原形动词，to是介词应要接动名词。这一点一定要判断清楚。在“get down to开始做……；look forward to…盼望……；stick to…坚持做……；lead to…导致……；devote oneself to…献身于……；to be devoted to …献身于……；pay attention to …注意……；object to 反对做…… ”中，to都是介词，其后面应该接动名词。 8. 介词后一般接动名词。in doing …在做……过程中；on doing …一……就……；before doing …在做……之前；after doing …在做……之后；without doing 没做…… null第三节 分词常考必记要点归纳 1. 现在分词和过去分词的用法区别。它们的用法主要是根据动词是及物还是不及物来确定，不及物动词根据动作完成的程度，及物动词根据语态来确定。列表如下： 分词动词null2. 分词的两个结构 否定结构：not + 分词 例如：Not having known his address, I didn’t write to him. 复合结构（独立主格结构）有两种形式： （1）名词（代词主格）+分词（只作状语） （2）with+名词（代词宾格）+分词（作状语或定语） 例：1) The day’s work done, they went home. 他们做完一天的工作就回家了。 2) He sat there with his feet pointing to others. 他坐在那儿把脚指向别人。 null3. 现在分词的时态和语态形式，以动词do为例列表如下： 语态时态null注：①现在分词完成时态的被动结构有时等于一个过去分词（即having been done = done）。 ②现在分词的完成时态不能作表语、定语和宾补，只放在状语的位置上。 ③现在分词一般时态的被动结构（being + v.-ed）表示“正在被”之意，而在动名词中只表示被动。 4. “使……怎么样”之类的动词（amuse, astonish, excite, frighten, interest, move, relax, satisfy, shock, surprise, encourage, disappoint, puzzle, tire, please, inspire, terrify, worry），它们的ing形式表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。一般情况下“人”用过去分词，“物”用ing形式。 null5. 分词和不定式都作状语，其区别是分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式和说明，而不定式表示目的和结果，关键是体会句意之间关系。 例 1）Their grandfather lived the liberation of China.(to see/ seeing) 2）_____ in Beijing, I visited many historic spots. (To stay/ Staying) 6. 独立主格结构放在句首不能误当成并列句，分词作状语放在句末不能误当成并列谓语。 There being no buses, we had to walk home. The students worked in the fields, _____. (laughed and talked, /laughing and talking). 7. 为了使概念更明确，在分词前可以用when, while, if, once, unless, as if, than, as这些连词。例 I will go if invited (= if I am invited). 8. 常用几个动词的结构及意义 want+doing（表示被动）/want sth to be done（表示被动） want sb to do （表示主动） make sth done（表示被动）/make sb. do（表示主动） have sth+to do（有……可做） +sb+do （叫某人做…） +sth+ done（叫别人做…） +sb+doing（让……一直做……） get sb to do（叫……马上做……） sth done叫（别人）做……= have sth done   sb to do（叫某人做……）/ doing  catch +宾语+doing （看见某人在做……）null9. seat/ dress这两个动词后如有宾语用现在分词，反之用过去分词。include/ consider这两个动词如果放在名词之前用现在分词，名词之后用过去分词。missing/remaining作“丢失的”和“剩下的”讲，只有现在分词形式；left作“剩下的”讲只能放名词后或代词后。例如：We went there, including our boss. / We went there, our boss included. 10. 一些只用现在分词形式的固定结构： generally/ seriously speaking, judging from (by)… 但 to tell the truth, to be sure, to be exact 要用不定式。 11.spoken English 是“ 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 口语”，而English-speaking是“讲英语的……”后面一般接名词，它是个形容词。null12. open作形容词用是“开着的”，而“关着的”是closed。 形容词close 是指“距离”，不是“关着的”意思。 He used to sleep with all the windows open. 比较：He used to sleep with all the windows closed. 13. 几组易错的现在分词、过去分词 lie vi. lay lain lying 躺 lie v. lied lied lying 撒谎 lay vi. laid laid laying 放；下蛋 found vt. founded founded 成立 find vt. found found 发现 Wind wound wound 盘旋 蜿蜒 Wound wounded wounded 受伤 null rise vi rose risen 上升 raise vt. raised raised 上升 fall vi. fell fallen 落下 feel vt. felt felt 摸；感觉 hang vi hung hung 悬挂 hang vt. hanged hanged 绞死 light vt. lit （一般作谓语） light lighted （作定语） 燃着的 burn vt. /vi burnt 烧焦的， burning 正在燃烧的 null非谓语动词不定式分词动名词nullnullnullnullnullnull不定式、动名词作宾语： 1.I like watching TV, but I don’t like to watch TV this evening. 2. He is always ready to help others. 3.Please remember to post that letter for me. I remember posting that letter for you yesterday.null不定式、分词作补语： 1.The boss made the boy work twelve hours a day. =The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 2.We can see steam rising from the water. =Steam can be seen rising from the water.null不定式、分词、动名词作定语： 1.He is a nice person to work with . 2.The man talking with others there is our teacher. 3.a sleeping boy 与 a sleeping car 的区别 4.a house built a house to be built a house being builtnullnullnull1.The rain being over,we continued to march. 2.(With) the window broken,the students felt very cold in the room. 3.He likes to sleep with the window open.（属于其他形式的独立主格结构）1.To tell you the truth,I am against your plan. 2.Judging from his accent,he must be from the south. 3.Generally speaking, you are right. 4.Supposing/Suppose you had one million dollars,what would you do?null 1. Friendship is like money：easier made than ______ . A．kept  B．to be kept  C．keeping  D．being kept 2. ____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement． A．The president will attend B．The president to attend C．The president attended D．The president's attending 3. Unless ___ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference． A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited 4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ______ in making the earth a better place to live． A．to have played  B．to play C．to be played    D．to be playing ADABnull5. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 6. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn7. Charles is generally considered ____ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented   8. ---I must apologize for ____ ahead of time. ---That’s all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know9. Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; ridingnull10. The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 11. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 12. ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret that. A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____ . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 14. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? --- her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingnull15. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned16. She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in17. While shopping, people sometime can’t help ____ into buying something they don’t really need. A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 19. A computer does only what thinking people _____. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. readingnull5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_____after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6. To master a foreign language,______. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice 20. The library needs ______,but it’ll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned4.Our father often told us in the past that _____is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how____ English. A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It ’s a pay day，and they are waiting____. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid3. --- A letter may be too slow. ---- Why not ____ a telegram. A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send巩固练习CDABADnull非谓语动词做 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 技巧和步骤一、 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 句子结构 1. ____many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. _______many times , he still couldn't understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told 3. ________to the left, you'll find the post office . 4. If you ______to the left , you'll find the post office . 5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned null二、分析逻辑主语 1.————， I didn’t go to school. 2.________, I came to take his place. 3.I am worried about _________. 4._________ makes me worried. A. Being ill B. Li Ping being ill C. Li Ping’s being ill D. his being ill 5. _____no buses , we have to walk home . 6. __Sunday， I shall have a quiet day at home . A. There being 　B. It were 　C. There were 　D. It being null三、分析语态 1. ______from space , the earth looks blue . 2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue . 　A. Seen 　　 B. Seeing 　C. To see 　　　　　D. See 3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside . 4. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. being washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed null四、分析时态 1. The building ______now will be a restaurant . 2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. 　A. having been built 　　　B.to be built 　C.being built 　　　　　　D. built 1. He stood there______for his mother . 2. ______for two hours, he went away. A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited null