小升初英语语法复习要点讲解和练习

小升初英语语法复习要点讲解和练习 一、名词复数规则 　　1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 　　2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 　　3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 　　4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 　　5．不规则名词复数： 　　man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice 　　child-children  foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, 　　Japanese-Japanese 　　写出下列各词的复数 　　I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______man______ woman_______ paper_______    juice___________water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 二、 一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1.     be动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? 　　　　　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：　I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如： - Do you often play football?   - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike?   - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 三、动词+s的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练: 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____come________   watch______ plant_______ fly ________study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday. 三、按照要求改写句子 　　1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _____________________________ 　　2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_______________________ 　　3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_________________________ 　　4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________ 　　5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)______________ 　　6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_____________________ 　　7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_______________________________ 　　8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_____________________________ 　　9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)____________________ 　　10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)___________________________ 　　五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 　　1. Is your brother speak English?      __________________ 　　2. Does he likes going fishing?          __________________ 　　3. He likes play games after class.      __________________ 　　4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.             __________________ 　　5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 四、现在进行时 　　1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 　　2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 　　3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 　　4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 　　5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 　　疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 　　   但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 　　    疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则 　　1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 　　2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 　　3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 　　现在进行时专项练习： 　　一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play________ run__________ swim _________make__________　go_________ like________   write________ _ski___________read________ have_________ sing   ________ dance_________put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________live_______ take_________ come ________   get_________stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 　　二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 　　1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 　　2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 　　3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food   now. 　　4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 　　5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 　　6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 　　7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 　　8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 　　   9. It’s   5   o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 　　10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换： 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) 2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) 3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) 4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) 五、将来时理论及练习 　　一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 　　二、基本结构：①be going to + do； 　　②will+ do. 　　三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 　　例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 　　四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 　　例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 　　五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 　　1. 问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 　　2. 问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this 　　afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 　　3. 问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed? 　　六、同义句：be going to = will 　　I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 　　填空。 　　1.   我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 　　I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. 　　I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 　　2.   下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 　　What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? 　　I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. 　　What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 　　3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 　　_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? 　　Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 　　4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 　　What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 　　改句子。 　　5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） 　　Nancy ________ going to go camping. 　　6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） 　　I _______ go ______ join them. 　　7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） 　　________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 　　8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） 　　_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 　　9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） 　　________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 　　10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) 　　_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 　　用所给词的适当形式填空。 　　11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 　　12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 　　13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike. 　　14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 　　15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects. 　　16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 　　17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 　　18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 　　19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 　　20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now. 六、一般过去时 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t） ⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。　如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则： 1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do   ________ Be动词的过去时练习（1） 一、 用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now. 2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 二、 句型转换 1. It was exciting. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3. They were in his pocket. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ Be动词的过去时练习（2） 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 二、句型转换 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________ 三、 中译英 1．我的故事 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 刚才还在手表旁边。__________________________________________ 2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。___________________________________________ 3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_____________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习（1） 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party. 二、句型转换 1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3. We sang some English songs. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习（2） 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 二、句型转换 1. They played football in the playground. 否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 三、中译英 1. 格林先生去年住在中国。 2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 3. 他刚才在找他的手机。  过去时综合练习（1） 一、 用动词的适当形式填空 1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night. 3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now. 8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday. 二、 中译英 1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。_________________________________________________________ 2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。__________________________________________________ 3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园___________________________________________ 4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。___________________________________________________ 过去时综合练习（2） 一、 用动词的适当形式填空 1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car. 2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago. 3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean) 4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do) 5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago. 6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick) 7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water) 8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances. 9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk) 二、中译英 1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。______________________________________________ 2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。____________________________________________ 3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。___________________________________________ 七、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习 一、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。 2．形容词加er的规则： ⑴一般在词尾加er ； ⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ； ⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ； ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。 3．不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 二、副词的比较级 1．形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther) 三、练习 一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________   young________   tall_______   long________  short________   strong________ big______   small_____fat______    thin_____   heavy______   light______nice_________      good_________   beautiful__________low__________   high_________   slow____   fast________ late __________   early_________   far_________   well_______ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式： 1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow). 15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students. 三、 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc 句子： 1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。 ________ is _________than Jim？   ________ are 2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan. ________   _________ than David?   Gao Shan ________. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。 _________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？   我的弟弟的。 _________ apples ________   ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________   ___________. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 _________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am. 6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He _______ as __________ as ________   ________ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。 ________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him. 8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _________ as _______ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 ____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____. 11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 ________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。 ____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_______.All my______ _______   _______than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_____   _____ up _____than me. 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 ____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesn’t ____ _____   in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。 ___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me. 19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My_____ _____ ______than my ______. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 _____sweater_____   as_______as_____. 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。 My dress_____   too_____. I want to _____a______one. 22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) I'm _________ as ________ as Mike . There be 句型与have, has的区别 1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s + 介词短语？ Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are” 　1. I________a good father and a good mother. 　　2. ____________a telescope on the desk. 　　3. He_________a tape-recorder. 　　4. _____________a basketball in the playground. 　　5. She__________some dresses. 　　6. They___________a nice garden. 　　7. What do you___________? 　　8. ______________a reading-room in the building? 　　9. What does Mike___________? 　　10. ______________any books in the bookcase? 　　11. My father_________a story-book. 　　12. _______________a story-book on the table. 　　13. _______________any flowers in the vase? 　　14. How many students____________in the classroom? 　　15. My parents___________some nice pictures. 　　16. _____________some maps on the wall. 　　17. ______________a map of the world on the wall. 　　18. David__________a telescope. 　　19. David’s friends___________some tents. 　　20. ______________many children on the hill. 　　用恰当的be动词填空。 　　1、There        a lot of sweets in the bo