高三英语二轮复习讲座课件——阅读理解

nullnull 阅读理解 2008年高考江苏省考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明： 1. 理解语篇主旨大意； 2. 理解文中具体信息； 3. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义； 4. 作出简单的判断和推理； 5. 理解文章的基本结构； 6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度。 null（1）细节题 正确答案的特点： 　　与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。 干扰选项的特点： 1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符； 2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容； 3. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动； 4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误； 5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。null例如： For Norman Bethune, saving lives was the most important thing in the world. Norman Bethune thought that __. A. he himself was a famous doctor in the world B. he could only save lives because he was a doctor C. saving lives was more important than any other thing for him D. in the world, he should do nothing but save livesnull（2）判断、推断题 判断推理的题目中常含有infer、imply词汇等。 干扰项的特点： 1. 将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项； 2. 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。null解题方法： 1. 判断推理要以文中事实为依据; 2. 不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自 己的推断; 3. 杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆 断。null例如： I was reading a book at home when my mobile phone rang. On the phone’s screen was an unfamiliar number starting with a 0712, which meant the call was from Nagpur. 1. From the beginning of the story, we can infer that ___. A. the writer was at home, reading carefully B. the writer was unfamiliar with the area 　 　code — 0712 C. the writer’s father lived in Nagpur and often 　chatted with him D. the writer was not familiar with the number starting with a 0712null（3 ）猜测词义题 　　　　词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。具体方法为： 1. 猜测名词含义，要注意相关段落中名词的含义。例如: null However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour- glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. （2007 广东） What does the “stately homes” refer to ___? A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularlynull 2. 猜测动词或动词短语的含义，要注意相关段落中动词的含义。 null Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend... I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. （2006全国I） The words “took off” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean “_____”. turned off B. moved off C. put up D. set up null3. 猜测形容词的含义，要注意相 关段落对相关信息的描述。例如： null A small town in southwest Britain is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste － a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe. Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead.（2007福建） The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means __. A. acceptable B. valuable C. throw-away D. long-lastingnull（4）猜测句意 　正确答案的特点： 1. 与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同； 2. 是原句意思的高度概括。 干扰项也有一些特点： 1. 干扰项往往是片面的，不能涵盖原句的全部意思； 2. 干扰项中的某个成分，如时间、地点等与原句存在出入； 3. 干扰项与原句意思完全不符。null被猜测句子的特点： 该句子往往是前语境的结果或结论。 例如：nullWe couldn’t afford all the necessary medica-tion for him, and because Dad was unable to work. I had no money for school supplies and often couldn’t even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teacher’s words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage. （2006北京） What can we learn from the underlined sentence? A. Kerrel couldn’t understand her teacher. B. Kerrel had special difficulty in hearing. C. Kerrel was too troubled to focus on the lesson. D. Kerrel was too tired to hear their teacher’s words. null（5）揣摩作者态度、意图 正确答案的特点： 1. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的同义、近义句； 2. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的升华； 3. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的概括。null其干扰项的特点为： 1. 是作者在文章中所批驳的观点； 2. 是文章里所提到的某个细节，但并非作者的态度或意图； 3. 是文章中根本未提及的内容。 null例如: I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant, and ancient for a sportsman. Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit, but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my father’s age, but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means. The author seems to tell us in Paragraph 1 that _____.（2007天津） A. time alone will tell B. time goes by quickly C. time will show what is right D. time makes one forget the pastnull（6）确定最佳标题 依据短文的主题句确定短文的最佳标题。确定最佳标题的三个原则： 1. 对文章内容能高度概括； 2. 用词精炼； 3. 在上述两个特点都具备的前提下， 标题还应做到能吸引读者注意力。 null（7）阅读理解“通病” (4点) 1. 概念扩大或缩小化。概念扩大或 缩小化是指在选择理解题时把在概 念范围上比原文概念要大的或小的 选项作为正确答案。 例如：nullHe brought many medical supplies with him. He had to be very careful on his long journey to the north because he had to go through Guomindang territory. (误) On the way to the north, he brought all medical supplies. (误) He brought few of the medical supplies with him on the way to the north.null2. 概念人为化。概念人为化是指在做阅读理解题时，将自己对某件事的想法、体验等作为正确答案。 例如：nullOne of the places of interest in Beijing is the Summer Palace. Cixi had it built in 1888. A small lake called Kunming is part of this beautiful palace. Even today, thousands of people come to the Summer Palace to enjoy the peaceful surroundings and scenery. Why do people like to go to the Summer Palace? （误） To appreciate important art works.null3. 概念直白化。在阅读理解中有一类题目需要我们推断，即infer。这类题目的错误率很高。概念直白化是指将需要推断的题目错选为文章内讲述得明明白白、完全不需要推断的选项。 null4. 概念僵硬化。概念僵硬化是指将与原文文字最靠近的选项简单机械地视为正确答案。null七、任务型阅读 1. 要求：考生要根据阅读文提供的信息，用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。所填词语有一定字数的限制。 null 2. 考查四个方面的能力： ① 语篇理解能力； ② 把握文章整体结构的能力； ③ 根据题目要求准确获取有效信息的能力； ④ 运用语言知识的表达能力。null 3. 阅读文篇幅：长于传统阅读文的平均篇幅。传统阅读文篇幅要求：2篇200-300词/ 3篇300-400词。2007高考英语江苏卷E篇为424词。任务型阅读的三篇范文的词数分别为：396 / 347 / 438。 4. 建议阅读原文时间：6-7分钟。 5. 动笔做题前要做到：两个读懂——读懂原文、读懂表格。null6. 命题特点： （1）需要填写信息的句子大多是原句的同义句。例如： Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible. We can __（exchange）information throughout the world, because the internet can connect millions of computers. null（2）所需填写的单词，有的在原文中已经出现，有的则在原文没有出现。 7. 填词的关键： （1）原文出现过的单词，要注意词性和词形的变化。null（2）原文中找不到合适的词语，则要根据语境填词。例如： … E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. It has also enables us to exchange information at __（higher) speed than traditional communicative methods. null又如： 　However, there is one big disadvantages when you use e-mail. ___(Despite) the advantages, we should be careful when using it. null8. 复习建议 （1）给出汉语意思，单句缺词填空。此练习可以增强学生对单词词性、词形的变化意识。例如： Thanks to e-mail, you can __（交流，沟通）with a student in London. (communicate) 　　又如： ___（交流，沟通）with other countries was difficult during the telephone and postal strike.（ Communication）null（2）同义、近义句转换填词。此练习既可以增强学生对单词词性、词形的变化意识，同时可以提高学生的表达能力。例如： The Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible. __ millions of computers around the globe, the internet makes a world-wide exchange of information possible. （Connecting）nullThe Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, ___ it makes a worldwide exchange of information possible. (so) null(3) 模拟练习注意点 1. 阅读材料难易适度； 2. 题目设置要合理； 3. 注意与学生的互动，了解学生的答案，分析其正确或错误的原因。