语法填空解题技巧思维导图

------------------------------------------作者xxxx------------------------------------------日期xxxx语法填空解题技巧思维导图【精品文档】【精品文档】【精品文档】【精品文档】【精品文档】【精品文档】语法填空解题技巧近年高考考点总结：语法填空分“无提示词”和“有提示词”两种题型。无提示词题，即没有提示词的纯空格题一般是6个或7个小题，近年来，只考查了代词、冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等四类词；有提示词题，即用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，一般是4个或3个小题，至今只考查了谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。解题思维导图根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表：1.词性转换形容词、副词、动词2.名词所有格名词1.词性转换形容词2.比较级或最高级,加前缀变成其反义词语法填空解题思路副词同形容词有提示词时态，注意常考时态作谓语语态，即被动语态语气，即虚拟语气动词1.词性转换1.todo表:将来/目的不作谓语2.V-ing表:主动/进行3.V-ed表:被动/完成名词之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用a/an,特指用the冠词当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意搭配常为介词考查主要内容依据。介词空格前后都是句子（一个主谓就为一个句子）；前后都是并列单词或短语1.单词/短语+并列连词+单词/短语；2.一个句子+并连/从连+一个句子3.从属连词+一个句子，一个句子（主句）；连词无提示词无提示词人称代词、不定代词、反身代词物主代词：形容词性物主代词后必须加名词;名词性物主代词作主语，宾语，本身就是名词，后不需再加名词。代词指代上文事物形式主语形式宾语强调句型It的用法●有提示题的解题技巧是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题，五年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。方法探究11.(2011)He______________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.2.(2010)Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_______(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink.3.(2009)...peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_______(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.4.(2009)“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane____________(inform).5.(2008)Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften______(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.6.(2007)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_____(break)downneararemotevillage.归纳总结：当句子缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是_____动词。此时,要根据语境确定用哪种时态,根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用____语态。方法探究21.(2011)Inoticedaman_________(sit)atthefront.2.(2009)Shewishedthathewasaseasy______(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.3.(2008)Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop________(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.4.(2009)______(bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.归纳总结：当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是__________。此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用______(一般)或不定式形式(具体)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用__________；作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/noticesb.do/doingsth.,spend...doingsth.等方法探究31.(2011)IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment_____(late)thatday.2.(2010)Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe_______(sweet).3.(2008)...hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday...hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”______(high).4.(2010惠州三模)Onceahabitisformed,itisdifficult,andsometimes_________(possible),togetridof.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatwepaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.归纳总结：当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的______(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意：要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级(如上述1～3题)。方法探究41.(2011)Hemustbe________(mental)disabled.2.(2010)Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_______(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.3.(2009)ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather______(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.4.(2008)Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.5.(2007)Wedranktogetherandtalked_______(merry)tillfarintothenight.6.Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis________(care)work.7.InAlaska,thewolfalmost________(appear)afewyearsago,becausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.归纳总结：当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条顺利解题：(1)作主语或宾语用_____形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用______形式;(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用____形式。注意：(1)有时不但要注意词性转换,而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀,其逻辑意义才通顺(如上述第6题)；(2)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时,无需改变词性,就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了(如上述第7题)。