2021年12月全国大学英语四级考试试卷 PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledWhatElectivestoChoose.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese: 1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课; 2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课; 3.以你自己为例……WhatElectivestoChoose __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes) SectionA Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.C)Shewassomewhatoverweight. B)Shewaspopularamongboys.D)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.2.A)Attheairport.C)Inabookingoffice. B)Inarestaurant.D)Atthehotelreception.3.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp. B)Havingconfidenceinherson.D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.4.A)Haveashortbreak.C)Continueherworkoutdoors. B)Taketwoweeksoff.D)Goonvacationwiththeman.5.A)Heistakingcareofthistwinbrother.C)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth. B)Hehasbeenfeelingillallweek.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.6.A)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse. B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse. C)Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement. D)ShebroughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.7.A)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook. B)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout. C)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore. D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.8.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.C)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman. B)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.C)Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi. B)Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.D)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.10.A)Itendsinwinter,C)Itwilllastoneweek. B)Itwillcostheralot.D)Itdependsontheweather.11.A)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.C)Theremightbeatrafficjam. B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.D)Thereisalotofstufftopack.12.A)Athome.C)Attheairport. B)Intheman’scar.D)Bythesideofataxi.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork. B)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.14.A)Translator.C)Languageinstructor. B)Travelagent.D)Environmentalengineer.15.A)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.C)Devotionandworkefficiency. B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.D)Educationandexperience.SectionB Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren. B)Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.C)Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.D)Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.17.A)Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces. B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret. C)Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation. D)Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.18.A)Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents. B)Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents. C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents. D)Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.19.A)Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship. B)Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas. C)Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption. D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)Hesufferedfrommentalillness.B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.C)Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.D)Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.21.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany. B)ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago. C)Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder. D)Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.22.A)Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld. B)KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind. C)AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine. D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustbeard.23.A)It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare. B)It’llallowthemtoreceivefleemedicaltreatment.C)It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.D)It’llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.24.A)Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost. B)Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures. C)Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages. D)Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.25.A)Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices. B)Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce. C)Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly. D)Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.SectionC Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten. Youprobablyhavenoticedthatpeopleexpresssimilarideasindifferentways26thesituationtheyarein.Thisisverynatural.Alllanguageshavetwogenerallevelsofusage:aformallevelandaninformallevel.Englishisno27.Thedifferenceinthesetwolevelsisthesituationinwhichyouusea28level.Formallanguageisthekindoflanguageyoufindintextbooks,.29booksandinbusinessletters.YouwouldalsouseformalEnglishin30andessaysthatyouwriteinschool.Informallanguageisusedinconversationwith31,familymembersandfriends,andwhenwewritepersonalnotesorletterstoclosefriends. Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguage32bemorepolite.Whatwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite.Forexample,Imightsaytoafriendorafamilymember,"Closethedoor,please,"buttoa33,Iprobablywouldsay"Wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?" Anotherdifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageissomeofthe34.Thereareboundtobesomewordsandphrasesthatbelonginformallanguageandothersthatareinformal.Let’ssaythatIreallylikesoccer.IfIamtalkingtomyfriend,Imightsay"Iamjust35soccer!"ButifIweretalkingtomyboss,Iwouldprobablysay"Ireallyenjoysoccer."PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes) SectionA Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoice.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce. Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation36.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe37ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforPeaceinColombiawasevennominated(提名)fortheNobelPeacePrizein1998.Groupsofchildren38aspeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsandpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotáknownasTheSchoolsofPeace. Theclassroom39opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith40,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep41towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare42usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand43onstartingaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe44ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassandonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsandideallyaffectthecultureofthe45school. A)actingI)information B)assumingJ)offers C)comprehensiveK)projects D)cooperativeL)respectively E)entireM)role F)especiallyN)technology G)forwardO)victims H)images SectionB Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowtoMakePeacewithYourWorkload A)Swamped(忙碌的),underthegun,juststrugglingtostayabovewater...;whateverofficeclichéyouemploytodepictit,we’veallbeeninthatsituationwherewefeellikewemightbeswallowedupbyourworkload.Nonethelessmanyawaymaybeusedtomanageyourto-dolisttopreventfeelingoverwhelmed.Howtomakepeacewithyourworkloadonceandforallgoesasfollows. B)Getorganized."Clearthedeadwoodoutofyourdeskandkeepyourofficeinshape,whichenhancesyourcapabilitytohandleothertasksandraisestheprobabilitythatyou’llretrievetheitemsyoudoneedinafasterandeasierfashion,"saysJeffDavidsonwhoworksasawork/lifeexpertandwriterofmorethan50booksonworkplaceissues."Whensomethingcanbedisposed,letitgo,giveninrealitymostofwhatyouretainisreplaceable."JoelRudy,vitaepresidentofoperationsforPhotographicSolutions,withbetterthanthirtyyearsofbusinessmanagementexperience,believesthatkeepingorganizedisamust."Messyworkareasarenonproductiveinsomemeasure.Providedthatyoucan’tlocateadocumentorreporteasilybecauseit’slostinapileofmess,thenyouhaveaproblematicsituation,"hesays."Therebyyouaresupposedtotakethetimetotidyupyourworkareasandkeepyourimportantfiles,manualsandreportsinanaccessiblelocation,whichwillmaximizeyourefficiencies." C)Makeato-dolist,thencoveritup.Itmaysoundweird,butitworks,saysJessicaCarlson,anaccountexecutiveatBluefishDesignStudiowhichisanadvertisingconsultingfirm.Carlsonurgesherteamtoutilizeto-doliststostayontrackandhighlightitemsthatareapriority."Coverupthelist,withtheexceptionofonehigh-prioritytaskatonetime,"shesuggests."Thiswillallowyoutofocusbetteronthetaskathand;otherwise,itwillbeeasytogetoverwhelmedifyou’rereadingthroughato-dolistthatspansanentirepage.Concentratingonasingleitemwillmakeyourtasksappearliketheyaremoredoable,"Carlsonsays. D)Stopmultitasking.Despitewhatyoumayconsidermultitasking,it’scounterproductive.Unlessyou’redrinkingcoffeewhilescanningyourmorninge-mails,you’renotsavinganytimebyattemptingtodotenthingsatonce."Ifyoufindyourselfgettingtangledintoomanythings,itmaybeofmuchnecessityofyoutore-evaluateyourinvolvement,"Rudysays."Yourmindwillwanderfromonetopictoanotherandyoumayendupneveraccomplishingathing."Rudyrecommendsthebestwaytostopmultitaskingistocreateprioritylistswithdeadlines."Whenapplicable,completeoneprojectbeforeyoumovefurtherontothenextone,"hesays. E)Settimelimits.DeborahChaddock-Brown,awork-at-homesingleparent,saysshe’sfrequentlyoverwhelmedbythedemandsofmaintainingorderinherresidenceandrunningherownbusiness.Still,shemanagesto"doitall"bysettingatimelimitforeachtask."Ihavethetypeofpersonalitythatflits(轻轻地掠过)fromthingtothingbecauseIdohavesomuchonmyplate,"Brownsays."AsaconsequenceIassigntimeslots:Forthenext15minutesIwillparticipateinsocialmediaforthepurposeofmarketingmybusiness(notsendingphotosorplayingFarmville)andthatistheonlythingIamabouttodoforthenext15minutes.Whenthetimeisup,Imoveontothenexttask.Thatway,atnightIdon’tendupwithapileoftaskstoaccomplisheventhoughIfeltbusyallday." F)Talktoyourmanager."Quiteoften,peopleareworkingonthingsthatarenolongeratoppriority,butsomeoneforgottotellthem(thatthey’renolongerimportant).Thereareusuallyclearprioritiesinthemanager’shead;heorshehasjustnotdoneagreatjobcommunicatingthosewiththeemployee,"saysHollyGreen,CEOofTheHumanFactor.Green’ssuggestionunfoldsinthismanner:"Ifyoufindyourselfconfrontedwithtoomanyresponsibilities,sitdown,notethesignificantthingsyouareinchargeof,andgotoyourmanagertohaveaconversationtodiscusspriorities,trade-offs,timecommitmentsandinterdependenciesrequiredtodoeachthingwell,andthenaskwhatyoushouldstopworkingonorworkonlesssoyoucangettherightthingsdone."Greensaysmanagersshouldbewillingtohelpsortoutpriorities,solongasemployeeshaveacan-doapproachandaren’tjustcomplainingabouttheirworkload. G)Eliminatetimewasters."Ifinterruptionsarekeepingyoufromyourresponsibilities,learnhowtodealwiththemaccordingly,"saysEileenRoth,authorofOrganizingforDummies.Rothproposesthefollowingsuggestionstocombatdisruptions:"Usevoicemailtocutdownontelephoneinterruptions,turnoffthealertthatsays‘You’vegotane-mail’andgivestaffmembersasettimetovisityou."JustinGramm,presidentofGlobellaBuyersRealty,exemplifiesRoth’spoint."E-mailhadbeenabigtimewasterformeinthepastbecauseitwasaconstantinterruption,causingmetolosefocusonthetaskathand,"hesays.Sincedeterminedtocheckhise-mailsonlytwiceaday,Grammsayshehasbecomemuchmoreefficient."Ifpeoplewanttogetmoreworkdone,theyneedtostopcheckinge-mailsandgetdowntobusiness,"hesays. H)Assessyourworkloadbeforetakingonnewtasks."Theparadoxoftoday’sworkenvironmentisthatthemoreyoudo,themorethat’sexpectedofyou,"Davidsonsays.Inordertobetterassessyourworkload,Davidsonsuggestsaskingyourselfthefollowingquestionsbeforeagreeingtoundertakenewresponsibilities:Isthetaskaligned(使一致)withyourprioritiesandgoals;Areyoulikelytobeaspronetosayingyestosucharequesttomorrowornextweek;Whatelsecouldyoudothatwouldbemorerewarding;Whatotherpressingtasksandresponsibilitiesareyoulikelytoface;Doestheotherpartyhaveoptionsotherthanyou;Willheorshebecrushedifyousayno? I)Wanttoknowmore?Mostofourexpertsrecommendedbooksforadditionaltipsonhowtomaximizeefficiency,butonebookwasmentionedtimeandagain.CheckoutTheSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople. 46."Themoreyoudo,themoreyouareexpectedtodo"hasbeenaparadoxintoday’sworkenvironment. 47.Aslongasemployeeshaveacan-doattitudeanddonotjustcomplainabouttheirworkload,themanagerswouldliketohelpthemdecidewhattodofirst. 48.Asasingleparent,DeborahChaddock-Brownfindsitdifficulttomakeabalancebetweenbusinessandhousework. 49.Therearemanyusefulmethodsofpreventingpeoplefromfeelingoverwhelmedbyworkload. 50.Messyworkareasarenonproductivetosomeextent,soyouaresupposedtokeepyourworkareastidyandimportantfilesathand. 51.Toknowmoreabouthowtomaximizeefficiency,TheSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeopleisrecommended. 52.InOrganizingforDummies,usingvoicemailtocutdownontelephoneinterruptionsandturningoffthee-mailnoticearesuggestedincombatinginterruptions. 53.AccordingtoRudy,thebestwaytostopmultitaskingistomakealistofprioritiesandsetdeadlinesforeachtask. 54.Focusingonasinglematterwillmakeyourtasksappearmorepossibletobedone. 55.Infact,mostofwhatpeopleretainissubstitutable,sodisposethethingsthataredisposable.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry. Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructorspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether. Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse. Clearly,fromtheschools’perspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoretheschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots.Andthere’sevidencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,theywon’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.56.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix? A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline. B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality. C)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus. D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.57.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby________. A)aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirements B)thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgrounds C)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction D)thecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors58.ManystudentstakeInteract-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan________. A)earntheiracademicdegreesWithmuchlesseffort B)saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpenses C)selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesD)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever59.Whataccountsforthehighdropoutratesforonlinestudents? A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses. B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak. C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort. D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.60.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof________. A)buildinguptheirreputationC)upgradingtheirteachingfacilities B)cuttingdownontheirexpensesD)providingconvenienceforstudentsPassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage. InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstores.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear. AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface. Arevelation(启示)camelastweekwhenIaskedher,"Don’tyouWanttowinagain?""No,"shereplied,"Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade." Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自由地)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly"guided"bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit. Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwascoopting(借用)my
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