高一英语初高中衔接专题十二短语动词和句型的考点集汇讲解和训练

PAGEPAGE6用心爱心专心专题十二：短语动词和句型的考点集汇，讲解和训练1.短语动词的分类(1)动词＋介词常见的有lookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Don’tlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.(2)动词＋副词常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.(3)动词＋副词＋介词常见的有goonwith,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：GoonandI’llcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)动词＋名词＋介词常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)动词＋形容词常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)动词＋名词常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.2.短语动词的辨析(1)bemadein（在……生产或制造），bemadeof(由……组成或构成)(2)comedown(下来;落)，comealong(来；随同)，cometooneself(苏醒)，cometrue(实现)，comeout(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，comeover（过来；顺便来访），comein(进来)，comeon(来吧；跟着来；赶快),comeupwith(找到；提出)(3)doone’sbest(尽最大努力),dowellin(在……干得好),doone’shomework(做作业)，dosomereading(阅读)(4)fallasleep(入睡)，fallbehind(落在…..后面)，falloff(从……掉下)，falldown(到下；跌倒)(5)getdown(下来；落下)，geton(上车)，getto(到达)，getup(起床)，getback(回来；取回)，getoff(下来)，getonwellwith(与……相处融洽)，getmarried(结婚)，gettogether(相聚)(6)giveup(放弃)，give…ahand(给与……帮助)，giveaconcert(开音乐会)(7)goback(回去)，goon(继续)，gohome(回家)，gotobed(睡觉)，goover(过一遍；仔细检查)，goout(外出；到外面)，gowrong(走错路)，goondoing(继续做某事)，goshopping(买东西)，goboating(去划船),gofishing(去钓鱼)，gohiking(去徒步旅行)，goskating(去滑冰)，gostraightalong(沿着……一直往前走)(8)havealook(看一看),haveaseat（坐下）,havesupper（吃晚餐）,havearest（休息）,havesports（进行体育活动）,haveacold（感冒）,haveacough（咳嗽）,haveagoodtime（过得愉快）,haveaheadache（头痛），haveatry(尝试；努力)(9)lookfor(寻找)，lookout(留神;注意)，lookover(仔细检查)，lookup(向上看；抬头看)，lookafter(照顾;照看)，lookat(看；观看)，looklike(看起来像)，lookthesame(看起来像)，(10)makefriends(交朋友)，makephonecalls(打电话)，makemoney(赚钱)，makethebed(整理床铺)，makeanoise(吵闹)，makeaface(做鬼脸)，makeone’swayto(往……走去)，makeroomfor(给……腾出地方)，makeadecision(做出决定)，makeamistake(犯错误)，makeupone’smind(下决心)(11)puton(上演；穿上；戴上)，putup(挂起；举起)，putdown(把某物放来)，putaway(把某物收起来),putoff(推迟)(12)takeoff(脱掉衣服)，takephotos(照相)，taketime(花费时间)，takeout(出)，takeaseat(坐下)，takeanactivepartin(积极参加)，takecareof(照顾；照料；注意)，takeexercise(做运动)，takeone’splace(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，taketurn(轮流)(13)talkabout(谈话；交谈)，talkwith(和……交谈)(14)turnon(打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turnoff(关上电灯，收机，煤气，自来水等)，turndown(关小；调低)，turn…over(把…..翻过来)(15)thinkof(认为；想起)，thinkabout(考虑)3.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。(1)主语+连系动词+ 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语。例如：Mymotherisadoctor.Hervoicesoundsnice.(2)主语+不及物动词。例如：Herunsfast.Westudyhard.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如：Childrenoftensingthissong.HestudiesEnglish.1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如：Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如：Wheredowishtosit?Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.3)有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember,forget等。例如：Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.请记住替我发了这封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我记得那封信寄过了。Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子：Hestoppedtosmoke.他停下来吸烟。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸烟了。4)有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如：Iliketoswiminsummer.Ilikeswimminginsummer.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如：Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Hegavemeanapple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如：Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.Showmeyournewbook,please.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to,有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如：Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?Tom’smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tom’smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如：Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：WecallhimJack.Don’tgetyourhandsdirty.2)在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如：Iheardhimsingthatsong.(我听他唱过那首歌。)WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsingingintheroom.(我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。)3)在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役动词let,make,have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseentogointotheroom.【演练】1.Wouldyoupleasedrivefaster ?Myflightis_________.A.takingoffB.gettingoffC.turningoffD.puttingoff2.OnOctober15,2003China_______itsfirstman-madespaceship,whichmadeYangLiweiaherotomanykids.A.setoutB.SetoffC.sentupD.sentout3.---Howistheplaygoing ?---Wearegoingto_______thedayaftertomorrow.A.putonitB.putitoffC.putitonD.putitoff4.MrGreenisbusy_______thenewspaperwhilehiswifeisbusy______thehousework.A.reading ;withB.to read ;withC.toread ;doingD.with ;todo5.Wehaveto_______ourthingsifwetravelonatrainorabus.A.lookatB.lookupC.looklikeD.lookafter6.---Ifyou______anewidea,pleasecallmeassoonaspossible.---Sure,Iwill.A.keepupwithB.catchupwithC.feedupwithD.comeupwith7.---ZhouJielunissocool.I’mhisfan.---____________.A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SoamID.SoIam8.---Yournewsweaterlooksbeautiful.Isit_______purewool ?---Yes,andit’s_______InnerMongolia.A.madeby ;madeforB.madeof ;madebyC.madeof ;madeinD.Madeby ;madefrom9.Please_______theboxcarefully.ItisfilledwithglassesA.putdownB.putonC.putoffD.puttogether10.---________ !There’sacarcoming !---Oh.Thanks.A.LookoverB.LookupC.LookonD.Lookout11.---Look!Thebusiscoming.---Butit’sfullofpeople.Wecan’t______.A.getoffB.getdownC.getonwithD.geton12.---Excuseme.Where’stheScienceMuseum?---TakeNo.3busand______atthefourthstop.A.getonB.getoffC.getupD.getto13.It’sverycoldtoday.You’dbetterput_____yourcoatwhenyougoout.A.awayB.downC.onD.up14.MissLitoldthechildrentowalkoneafteranother.Shedidn’twantthemto______intheparkA.getwrongB.getawayC.getlostD.getready15.Theflowersstartto_____inspring.A.comeinB.comeoutC.comefromD.cometo16.Lucy,couldyoupleasehelpme_____themapontheblackboard?A.putintoB.putupC.putoutD.puton17.“Getaladder,please.Ican’t_____.”Jimsaidinatalltree.A.comebackB.comeoutC.comedownD.comeover18.Ihave____myparents,andnowI’mansweringit.A.heardofB.heardfromC.heardD.heardabout19.Ican’tseethewordsclearly.CanI_____thelight?A.turnonB.putoffC.holdonD.takeoff20.Assoonasthemanwalkedintothewarmroom,he_____hisheavycoatandsatdown.A.tookawayB.tookdownC.tookoffD.tookup【练习 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 】1.A2.C3.C4.A5.D6.D7.C8.C9.A10.D11.D12.B13.C14.C15.B16.B17.C18.B19.A20.C