人大考博英语2008

中国人民大学 2008 年博士生入学考试 英语试题 四年级上册句型转换中考英语完形填空难题英语试题含答案杭州市中考英语试题金陵神学院考试试卷 Part I. Vocabulary (20%) Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 1. Let's give a big _____to tonight's prize-winner. A. respect B. shout C. praise D. hand 2. It was a depressed and divided country, accustomed to failure and of change. A. definite B. curious C. suspicious D. anxious 3. T he secret of the____ of Wal- mart in the retailing industry lies in is single-minded and skillful pantsuit of the lowest prices. A. unalleviated B, uncombed C. unprecedented D. unaccompanied 4. Those who got angry and crazy set fire to cars and shops in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, then the problems_____. A. evolved B. evaporated C. escalated D, exalted 5. The supervisor, his explanation when his fault was po inted out by some talented young students. A. stumbled over B. got over C. dashed to D. gave out 6, it is evident that no one, no matter how much they _____ is immunity from the effect of advertising. A, refuse B. reflect C. proclaim D. protest 7. "It's probably just stress." How many times have you uttered those words to ???? ?????? www.reapedu.com ????，?????? 1 2008? yourself to____ a headache, pain or illness? A. dismiss B. dispose C. dispel D. disrupt 8. Schools and colleges have no right to use our public money to promote conduct that is _____to the religious and moral values of parents and taxpayers. A. conducive B. comparable Caponizing D. offensive 9. The old farmer his wife, living until 105 years of age. A. beat B. survived C. lasted D. endured 10. He didn't know anything about business, so starting his own was______ . A. a climb to power B. a leap in the dark C. a run on the bank D. a step backwards 11. Public attitudes toward business regulations are deeply _______ most people resent intensive government rules, yet they expect government to prevent business from de frauding, exploiting the public. A. hostile B. emotional C. ambiguous D. cynical 12. Ever since the TV show came off the air, there has been _______ that a movie might be made of the show. Finally in autumn 2007, news broke that filming had started. A. specification B. suspicion C. simulation D. speculation 13. A quick wit and a warm smile were the salesman's stock______. A. in trade B. in reserve C. in effect D. in bus iness 14. Innovative product platforms like the portable transistor radio and the_____ walkman the digital lifestyle era. A. set the Stage for B. shed light on C. made sense of D. gave a hand to 15. Successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of _____, is the first step in learning to be creative. A. resolution B. elegance C. aspiration D. originality ???? ?????? www.reapedu.com ????，?????? 2 2008? 16. Our parents love us because we are their children, and this is an fact. so that we feel safer with them than with anyone else. A. unambiguous B. uncontrollable C. unalterable D. unintentional 17. As a journalist Hemingway trained himself in of expression. His deliberate avoidance of very attractive adjectives is some of the traces of his early journalistic practices. A. economy B. elegance C. depth D. neatness 18. It is the vast number of irresponsible dog owners which has roused public and demands for tighter controls. A. obsession B. apprehension C. exclamation D. indignation 19. Talking to children about the death of others is a subject that adults_____away from very strongly. A. shy B. stay C. slip D. skip 20. That's all fight, it is better to the feeling than to let it build up. A. displace B. disarm C. discharge D. dispatch 21. Many people are to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital. A. insensitive B. allergic C. sensible D. infected 22. When you're driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right ___ A. way B. track C. road D. lane 23. The motorist had to ____ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road. A. swerve B. twist C. depart D. swing 24. I n winter drivers have trouble stopp ing their cars from on icy roads. A. skating B. skidding C. sliding D. slipping 25. This project would __ a huge increase in defense spending. A. result B. assure C. entail D. accomplish 26. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed. A. distant B. slim C. unlikely D. narrow ???? ?????? www.reapedu.com ????，?????? 3 2008? 27. We should make a clear ___ between "competent" and "proficient" for the purposes of our discussion. A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference 28. I n the present economic we can make even greater progress than previous ly. A. air B. mood C. area D. climate 29. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards__ it should rank high on any list of science fiction. A. consistently B. consequently C. invariably D. fortunately 30. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized. A. exploited B. controversial C. inexhaustible D. remarkable 31. his expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in to his income. A. comparison B. proportion C. association D. calculation 32. Although he has become rich, he is still very of his money. A. economic B. thrifty C. frugal D. careful 33. As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to the weekly staff meeting. A. preside B. introduce C. chair D. dominate 34. The of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek. A. origin B. generation C. descent D. cause 35. The hook was a work of such that it took 20 years to write. A. magnitude B. extent C. degree D. amount 36. The police have offered a large for information leading to the robber's arrest. A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward 37. I arrived at the airport so late that I missed the plane. A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom 38. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely ___. A. unjustified B. unjust C. misguided D. unaccepted 39. The head of the Museum was ___ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts. A. promising B. agreeing C. pleasing D. obliging 40. The multi-national corporation was making a take-over ___ for a property company. A. application B. bid C. proposal D. suggestion ???? ?????? www.reapedu.com ????，?????? 4 2008? Part II. Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: Read the following passages and then choos e the best answer (from A, B,C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Passage one Many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really amount to much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of the woman in the women's magazine with the goods advertised by those period icals, one realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially. A careful balance has to be struck: if you show a labor-saving device, follow it up with a complicated recipe on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg herself, to produce .. that lovely home-baked. flavor the family love" , and knitting patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became tremendous ly fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work. 41. According to the passage, many of the home electric goods which are supposed to liberate women A. remove unpleasant aspects of housework. B. save the housewife very little time. C. save the housewife's time but not her money. D. have absolutely no value for the housewife. 42. According to the context, "capital investment" refers to money A. spent on a washing machine. B. borrowed from the bank. C. saved in the bank. D. lent to other people." 43. The goods advertised in women's magazines are really meant to A. free housewives from housework. B. encourage housewives to go out to work. C. turn housewives into excellent cooks. D. give them a false sense of fulfillment. 44. The example of automatic cookers in the end supports that the home electric goods ___ A. completely liberate the modem woman B. only change the nature of work ???? ?????? www.reapedu.com ????，?????? 5 2008? C. indeed eliminate the tedious work D. actually have novelty value 45. From this passage, we can infer that the writer is ___ about the home electric goods for liberating the modem women. A. opponent B. pessimistic C. happy D. concerned Passage two The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy:" goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and en- tertainment. A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most f)f which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people. Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. 46. The standard of living in a country is determined by A. its goods and services. B. the type of wealth produced. C. how well it can create wealth. D. what an ordinary person can share. 47. A country's capacity to produce wealth depends on all the factors EXCEPT A. people's share of its goods. B. political and social stability. C. qualities of its workers. D. use of natural resources. 48. According to the passage, ___ play an equally important role in determining a country's standard of living. A. farm products B. industrial goods ???? ?????? www.reapedu.com ????，?????? 6 2008? C. foodstuffs D. export & import 49. The manufacturing capacity may be a key factor to a higher standard of living when one country A. has traded her manufacture. B. has established her wealth. C. has been an industrialized one D. has produced surplus manufactured goods Passage three How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion. Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early building were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example. There is also a cyclical pa ttern in fashion. In the 1920 s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. Meter World War II , they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shor ter and shor ter unt il the miniskirt was in fashion. Meter a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for. a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look a round you and you'll see that no one else does either! 50. T he author thinks that peop le are A. satisfied with their appearance. B. concerned about appearance in old age. C. far from neglecting what is in fashion. ???? ?????? www.reapedu.com ????，?????? 7 2008? D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion. 51. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to A. confidence in life. B. personal dress. C. individual hair style. D. personal future. 52. According to the passage, changing fashions reflected in all of the following aspects EXCEPT A. dress. B. make-up. C. hairstyle. D. behavior. 53. Causes of fashions are A. uniform. B. varied. C. unknown. D. inexplicable. 54. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes A. uniformity. B. formality. C. informality. D. individuality. 55. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Care about appearance in formal situations. B. Fashion in formal and informal situations. C. Ignoring appearance in informal situations. D. Ignoring appearance in all situations. Passage four Massive changes in all of the world' s deeply cherished spor ting habits are underway. Whether it's one of London's parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, o r the Super bowl rivaling the British Footba ll Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture. That annua l bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globa lization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corpo rations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that. This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well. The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major mone y-making events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical. With seats at US $ 125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $ 10, 000, 000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $ 100, 000, 000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching. ???? ?????? www.reapedu.com ????，????