美文翻译赏析：《故都的秋》

美文翻译赏析：《故都的秋》AutumninPeiping美文翻译赏析：《故都的秋》AutumninPeiping中国日报双语微信2020-10-2014:15AphotocapturesthechangingcolorsofautumninBeijing.[PhotobyHeJianyong/forchinadaily.com.cn]秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。Autumn,whereveritis,alwayshassomethingtorecommenditself.InNorthChina,however,itisparticularlylimpid,sereneandmelancholy.Toenjoyitsatmospheretothefullintheonetimecapital,Ihave,therefore,madelightoftravellingalongdistancefromHangzhoutoQingdao,andthencetoPeiping.江南，秋当然也是有的，但草木凋得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风；一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，浑浑沌沌地过去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到十足。秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开，半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。ThereisofcourseautumnintheSouthtoo,butoverthereplantswitherslowly,theairismoist,theskypallid,anditismoreoftenrainythanwindy.WhilemuddlingalongallbymyselfamongtheurbandwellersofSuzhou,Shanghai,Xiamen,HongKongorGuangzhou,Ifeelnothingbutalittlechillintheair,withouteverrelishingtomyheart'scontenttheflavour,colour,moodandstyleoftheseason.Unlikefamousflowerswhicharemostattractivewhenhalfopening,goodwinewhichismosttemptingwhenoneishalfdrunk,autumn,however,isbestappreciatedinitsentirety.不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。在南方每年到了秋天，总要想陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。在北平即使不出门去罢，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。ItismorethanadecadesinceIlastsawautumninNorth.WhenIamintheSouth,thearrivalofeachautumnwillputmeinmindofPeiping'sTaoRanTingwithitsreedcatkins,DiaoYuTaiwithitsshadywillowtrees,WesternHillswiththeirchirpinginsects,YuQuanShanMountainonamoonlighteveningandTanZheSiwithitsreverberatingbell.Supposeyouputupinahumblerentedhouseinsidethebustlingimperialcity,youcan,ongettingupatdawn,sitinyourcourtyardsippingacupofstrongtea,leisurelywatchthehighazureskiesandlistentopigeonscirclingoverhead.从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏下来的日光，或在破壁腰中，静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花（朝荣）的蓝朵，自然而然地也能感觉到十分的秋意。说到牵牛花，我以为以蓝色或白色者为佳，紫黑色次之，淡红色最下。最好，还要在牵牛花底教长着几根疏疏落落的尖细且长的秋草，使作陪衬。Sauntereastwardunderlocusttreestocloselyobservestreaksofsunlightfilteringthroughtheirfoliage,orquietlywatchthetrumpet-shapedblueflowersofmorninggloriesclimbinghalfwayupadilapidatedwall,andanintensefeelingofautumnwillofitselfwellupinsideyou.Astomorningglories,Iliketheirblueorwhiteflowersbest,darkpurpleonessecondbest,andpinkonesthirdbest.Itwillbemostdesirabletohavethemsetoffbysometallthingrassplantedunderneathhereandthere.北国的槐树，也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。LocusttreesintheNorth,asadecorativeembellishmentofnature,alsoassociateuswithautumn.Ongettingupearlyinthemorning,youwillfindthegroundstrewnalloverwithflower-likepistilsfallenfromlocusttrees.Quietandsmell-less,theyfeeltinyandsoftunderfoot.[Photo/ChinaDaily]扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。Afterastreetcleanerhasdonethesweepingundertheshadeofthetrees,youwilldiscovercountlesslinesleftbyhisbroominthedust,whichlooksofineandquietthatsomehowafeelingofforlornnesswillbegintocreepuponyou.Thesamedepthofimplicationisfoundintheancientsayingthatasinglefallenleaffromthewutongtreeismorethanenoughtoinformtheworldofautumn'spresence.秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产；因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。ThesporadicfeeblechirpingofcicadasisespeciallycharacteristicofautumnintheNorth.DuetotheabundanceoftreesandthelowaltitudeofdwellingsinPeiping,cicadasareaudibleineverynookandcrannyofthecity.IntheSouth,however,onecannothearthemunlessinsuburbsorhills.Becauseoftheirubiquitousshrillnoise,theseinsectsinPeipingseemtobelivingoffeveryhouseholdlikecricketsormice.还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样。AsforautumnrainsintheNorth,theyalsoseemtodifferfromthoseintheSouth,beingmoreappealing,moretemperate.在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而来一阵凉风，便息列索落地下起雨来了。一层雨过，云渐渐地卷向了西去，天又青了，太阳又露出脸来了；著着很厚的青布单衣或夹袄的都市闲人，咬着烟管，在雨后的斜桥影里，上桥头树底下去一立，遇见熟人，便会用了缓慢悠闲的声调，微叹着互答着说：Asuddengustofcoolwindundertheslatysky,andraindropswillstartpitter-pattering.Soonwhentherainisover,thecloudsbegingraduallytorolltowardsthewestandthesuncomesoutinthebluesky.Someidletownsfolk,wearinglinedorunlinedclothingmadeofthickcloth,willcomeoutpipeinmouthand,loiteringunderatreebytheendofabridge,exchangeleisurelyconversationwithacquaintanceswithaslighttouchofregretatthepassingoftime:“唉，天可真凉了——”“可不是么？一层秋雨一层凉了！”"Oh,realniceandcool—""Sure!Gettingcoolerwitheachautumnshower!"北方的果树，到秋来，也是一种奇景。第一是枣子树；屋角，墙头，茅房边上，灶房门口，它都会一株株地长大起来。像橄榄又像鸽蛋似的这枣子颗儿，在小椭圆形的细叶中间，显出淡绿微黄的颜色的时候，正是秋的全盛时期；等枣树叶落，枣子红完，西北风就要起来了，北方便是尘沙灰土的世界，只有这枣子、柿子、葡萄，成熟到八九分的七八月之交，是北国的清秋的佳日，是一年之中最好也没有的goldendays。FruittreesintheNorthalsomakeawonderfulsightinautumn.Takejujubetreeforexample.Theygroweverywhere—aroundthecornerofahouse,atthefootofawall,bythesideofalatrineoroutsideakitchendoor.Itisattheheightofautumnthatjujubes,shapedlikedatesorpigeoneggs,maketheirappearanceinalightyellowish-greenamongsttinyellipticleaves.Bythetimewhentheyhaveturnedruddyandtheleavesfallen,thenorth-westerlywindwillbegintoreignsupremeandmakeadustyworldoftheNorth.OnlyattheturnofJulyandAugustwhenjujubes,persimmons,grapesare80-90percentripewilltheNorthhavethebestofautumn—thegoldendaysinayear.有些批评家说，中国的文人学士，尤其是诗人，都带着很浓厚的颓废色彩，所以中国的诗文里，颂赞秋的文字特别的多。但外国的诗人，又何尝不然？我虽则外国诗文念得不多，也不想开账来，做一篇秋的诗歌散文钞，但你若去一翻英德法意等诗人的集子，或各国的诗文的anthology来，总能够看到许多关于秋的歌颂与悲啼。各著名的大诗人的长篇田园诗或四季诗里，也总以关于秋的部分，写得最出色而最有味。足见有感觉的动物，有情趣的人类，对于秋，总是一样的能特别引起深沉，幽远，严厉，萧索的感触来的。SomeliterarycriticssaythatChineseliterati,especiallypoets,aremostlydisposedtobedecadent,whichaccountsforpredominanceofChineseworkssingingthepraisesofautumn.Well,thesameistrueofforeignpoets,isn'tit?Ihaven'treadmuchofforeignpoetryandprose,nordoIwanttoenumerateautumn-relatedpoemsandessaysinforeignliterature.But,ifyoubrowsethroughcollectedworksofEnglish,German,FrenchorItalianpoets,orvariouscountries'anthologiesofpoetryorprose,youcanalwayscomesacrossagreatmanyliterarypieceseulogizingorlamentingautumn.Longpastoralpoemsorsongsaboutthefourseasonsbyrenownedpoetsaremostlydistinguishedbybeautifulmovinglinesonautumn.Allthatgoestoshowthatalllivecreaturesandsensitivehumansalikearepronetothefeelingofdepth,remoteness,severityandbleakness.不单是诗人，就是被关闭在牢狱里的囚犯，到了秋天，我想也一定会感到一种不能自已的深情；秋之于人，何尝有国别，更何尝有人种阶级的区别呢？不过在中国，文字里有一个“秋士”的成语，读本里又有着很普遍的欧阳子的秋声与苏东坡的《赤壁赋》等，就觉得中国的文人，与秋的关系特别深了。可是这秋的深味，非要在北方，才感受得到底。Notonlypoets,evenconvictsinprison,Isuppose,havedeepsentimentsinautumninspiteofthemselves.Autumntreatsallhumansalike,regardlessofnationality,raceorclass.However,judgingfromChineseidiomqiushi(autumnscholar,meaningandagedscholargrievingoverfrustrationsinhislife)andfrequentselectionintextbooksofOuyangXiu's Onthe AutumnSough andSuDongpo's OntheRedCliff,Chinesemenoflettersseemtobeparticularlyautumn-minded.But,toknowtherealflavourofautumn,especiallyChina'sautumn,onehastovisittheNorth.南国之秋，当然是也有它的特异的地方的，比如廿四桥的明月，钱塘江的秋潮，普陀山的凉雾，荔枝湾的残荷等等，可是色彩不浓，回味不永。比起北国的秋来，正像是黄酒之于白干，稀饭之于馍馍，鲈鱼之于大蟹，黄犬之于骆驼。AutumnintheSouthalsohasitsuniquefeatures,suchasthemoonlitErshisiBridgeinYangzhou,theflowingseatideattheQiantangjiangRiver,themist-shroudedPutuoMountainandlotusesattheLizhiwanBay.Buttheyalllackstrongcolourandlingeringflavour.SouthernautumnistoNorthernautumnwhatyellowricewineistokaoliangwine,congeetosteamedbuns,perchestocrabs,yellowdogstocamels.秋天，这北国的秋天，若留得往的话，我愿把寿命的三分之二折去，换得一个三分之一的零头。Autumn,ImeanNorthernautumn,ifonlyitcouldbemadetolastforever!Iwouldbemorethanwillingtokeepbutone-thirdofmylife-spanandhavetwo-thirdsofitbarteredfortheprolongedstayoftheseason! 作者：郁达夫 译者：张培基 来源：中国日报双语微信