北京师范大学信息科学与技术学院_工程硕士10(含答案)

2010年北京师范大学信息科学与技术学院工程硕士入学考试第一部分：专业英语(100分)。汉译英(20points)Oneofthemostimportantskillsyoushouldbelearningingraduateschoolishowto''network.''Breakingintotheresearchcommunityrequiresattendingconferences,meetingestablishedresearchers,andmakingyouknown.Justgoingtoconferencesandstandinginthecornerisn'tenough.Especiallyifyou'renotnormallyanoutgoingperson,youhavetomakeaconsciousefforttomeetandbuildrelationshipswithotherresearchers.Presentingpapersisagoodwaytodothis,sincepeoplewilloftenapproachyoutodiscussyourpresentation.Introducingyourselftopeoplewhosepresentationsyoufoundinteresting,andaskingarelevantquestionordescribingrelatedresearchyou'redoing,isalsoagoodwaytomeetpeople.在研究生院你需要学的最重要的技能之一，就是如何建立自己的人脉。想在科学界混得开，就要参加科学会议，会见著名学者，并且得让别人知道你。参加学术会议，仅仅往角落里一站，是肯定不行的。除非你特别外向，不然还是要做些特意的准备的。讲演自己的论文是个不错的方法，因为大家常常会讨论你的讲演。如果你某个人的讲演 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 很有兴趣，主动介绍自己，问问相关的问题，谈谈自己与之相关的工作，这也是不错的方法。英译汉.(20points)如果你想购买一台计算机或者已经拥有一台计算机，你必须知道有关安装的一些知识。安装包括硬件安装和软件安装，它们其实并不复杂，你需要做的就是阅读有关说明和提示，并根据这些信息进行操作：A:Ifyouwanttobuyacomputeroryouhavealreadyhadacomputer,youmustknowsomethingaboutinstallation.Installationincludeshardwareinstallationandsoftwareinstallation.Bothofthemarenotcomplexatall,whatyoumustdoistoreadtheinstructionsorpromptsandfollowthem.请阅读下面文章并写100-150字的英文摘要.(60points)InsideAvatar'sScience&TechnologiesNowthehighest-grossingfilmever,"Avatar,"hascaptivatedmillionsofviewerswithitspicturesquescenery,extraterrestrialbattles,andnature-loving,blue-skinnedaliens.Ahigh-techinterfacingmechanismallowsahumantoremaininertwhilecontrollingoneoftheseavatarhybridsjustbythinking.Notonlydoesthehumanmanipulatetheavatar'smovementsandspeech,butheorshealsoexperienceslife--everysensation,feelingandemotion--throughtheeyesofthehybrid,asifconsciousnessweretransferred.Scientistssaywearemanydecades,evencenturies,awayfrommakingthiskindofsophisticatedinteractionpossible,ifitcanbedoneatall.Butthefundamentalsofcomponentsrequiredtocreatethiscomplicatedsystemofmind-controlledavatarsarealreadyintheworks,andhaveusefulapplicationsinmedicine."We'restartingtounderstandthebasicbuildingblocks,butthebiggestchallengeswillbeemotionandthought--howtomakeanotherorganismthinkwhatyouthink,tofeelwhatyoufeel--becausethosenetworksaremuchmoredifficulttosortout,"saidDr.BrianLitt,associateprofessorofneurologyandbioengineeringattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Althoughnothingascomplexasmanipulatingacreaturethroughthoughthasbeendone,scientistsworkingonallowinghandicappedpeopletomovelimbswiththeirmindsaremakingheadway.Thisideaactuallyplayedaroleinthemovie:ProtagonistJakeSullywasinawheelchairinhishumanbody,butcouldwalk,runandjumpashisavatar.OnedemonstrationhasbeenshownbyMiguelNicolelis,prostheticaneuroscientistatDukeUniversity,whoisworkingonroboticlegbraces.In2008,hisgroupgotamonkeyinNorthCarolinatomentallycontrolthewalkingpatternsofarobotinJapan.Thiswasdonebyimplantingelectrodesinthebrainsoftworhesusmonkeys.Theelectrodesrecordedhowcellsinthebrain'smotorandsensorycortexrespondedtowalkingonthetreadmillatvariousspeeds.Themonkeys'legsalsohadsensorstorecordwalkingpatterns.Researchersusedallthisinformationtopredicttheexactspeedofmovementandstridelengthofthelegs,anduploadedthatinformationtoarobotinJapan,gettingtherobottomoveinsynchwithamonkeythousandsofmilesawayinrealtime.Evenwhenthetreadmillwasturnedoff,amonkeycontinuedmakingtherobotwalkjustbythinkingforafewminutes.Anotherarenaisoneofvirtualreality:controllinganavatarinavideogamewithyourmind.JaimePineda,cognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,isworkingwithabrain-computerinterfacethatallowsparticipantstomoveacararoundaracetrack,flyaplaneanddoothervirtualtasksonascreen,simplybythinking.Thementaltrainingforthistakesaboutfourtosixhours,hesaid.havelessApartfromtheentertainmentvalue,Pinedaseesthisasafuturetherapyforautisticchildren.Thetheoryisthatbecausepeoplewithautismconductivitybetweenvariouspartsofthebrain,participatinginmind-controlledvideogamesmaynormalizethosecircuits.Resultsfromhislabshowimprovementinsocialinteractionandotherbehaviorsafter10or20weeksofplayingthegameinthelab.Here'swhat'spossiblenow:ScientistssuchasGerwinSchalkattheNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth'sWadsworthCenterhaveharnessedthebrain'selectricalimpulsestohavepeoplementallytypetheirthoughtsusingelectrodesonthesurfaceofthehead.Therateistypicallysevenwordsperminute.Inoneepilepticpatientwhohadelectrodesalreadyonthebrainforclinicalpurposes,therecordwas20wordsperminute.Thiskindoftechnologyisusefulforpeoplewhoareparalyzedandcannotcommunicate,Schalksaid.Hisresearchgroupalsoworksonusingelectrodestoextractspecificinformationfromthebrainsuchaspeople'sactualactions,imaginedactionsandintendedactions--evenhowtheymoveindividualfingers.Todaythereareauditoryprosthesescalledcochlearimplantsthatencodesignalsthatallowpeopletohearwhocouldnototherwise,aswellasrudimentaryvisualaids.Itisalsopossibletostickapininaparticularpartofsomeone'sbrainandinducesensationsofvarioustemperatures,pressuresandevenpainlevels,justbystimulatingcertainneuralcircuits.词汇：interface:界面prosthetic：【医】义肢的，假体的prostheticlimbs:假肢prosthetics：修复术neuroscientist神经系统科学家sensorycortex:感觉皮层electrode:电极electricalimpulse:电脉冲cochlear:耳蜗的第二部分:计算机基础（30分）（1）请按从低到高的顺序列出OSI网络七层模型。（6分）（2）什么是指针?请指出C语言中数组和指针的区别。（6分）。（3）解决某一问题的三种算法时间复杂度分别为O（n2），o（n!），0（2n）,当问题规模较大时，从时间复杂度来考虑哪种算法最优？（6分）（4）请简述值传递与地址传递有何区别。（6分）（5）参照下图，理解图中各自含义。请说明并比较将高级语言开发的程序转化为计算机所能执行的机器语言的两种方式。（6分）第三部分:上机实验（100分）一读程序,写结果（每题10分，总分40分）(1)main(){intt=1,i=5;for(;i>=0;i--)t*=i;printf(“%nd”,t);}答案:0(2)intf(inta[],intn){if(n>1)returna[0]+f(&a[1],n-1);elsereturna[0];}main(){intaa[3]={1,2,3},s;s=f(&aa[0],3);printf(“%nd”,s);}答案:6(3)#includetypedefstructstudent{charname[10];longsno;floatscore;}STU;main(){STUa={“zhangsan”,2001,95},b={“Shangxian”,2002,90},c={“Anhua”,2003,95},d,*p=&d;d=a;if(strcmp(a.name,b.name)>0)d=b;if(strcmp(c.name,d.name)>0)d=c;printf(“%ld%ns”,d.sno,p->name);}答案:2002Shangxian#include