完整word版,状语从句用法总结(完整),推荐文档

状语从句什么是状语？状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。1.Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.2.Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.3.Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday4.Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.5.IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。什么是状语从句？状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。根据其作用状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句状语从句的时态特点一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时” 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.AssoonasIhavefinishedthiswork,Iwillgohome.Ifhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.1．时间状语从句常用引导词：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner⋯than,hardly⋯when,scarcely⋯whenIdidn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园),themomenttheysawtheguardNosoonerhadIarrivedhome,thenitbegantorain.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.表示“一⋯⋯就⋯⋯”除assoonas外，还有三类：名词型——themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant副词型——immediately,directly,instantly；；句式型——nosooner⋯than⋯,hardly/scarcely⋯when⋯ThemomentIsawhim,Ifellinlovewithhim.Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.你一给我打电话，我就马上来。Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.我一到家，就开始下雨。【注意】如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。When,while,as(一边...一边...),after,before,assoonas,since,till/until,bythetime(到。。。为止,所在句子的主句应用完成时)Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryearsold.Hevisitedalotofplaceswhilehewastraveling.Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomeworktheotherday.when,while和as的区别when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”,when＝andthen;atthatmoment。Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.As表示“一边⋯⋯一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。Wealwayssingaswewalk.Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.before和after引导的时间状语从句before的本意为“在⋯⋯之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为着还没⋯⋯就⋯⋯，不知不觉就⋯⋯，⋯⋯才⋯⋯”等。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。“还没来得及/还没有⋯⋯就⋯⋯，趁Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.Einsteinalmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.Theyhadnotbeenmarriedfourmonthsbeforetheyweredivorced.Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.till或until引导的时间状语从句till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。Ididn'tgotobeduntil（till）myfathercameback.ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回来为止。Ididn'tworkuntilhecameback.他回来我这才开始工作。由since引导的时间状语从句。since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在Itis＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。ItisfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。2．地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhereGenerally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultorimpossible.Theyweregoodpersons.Wheretheywent,theretheywerewarmlywelcomed.Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.WheretheCommunistPartyofChinagoes,therethepeopleareliberated.句型2：Anywhere/wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。Wherevertheseais,youwillfindseamen.3．原因状语从句常用引导词：because,since,as,for特殊引导词：seeingthat(由于，鉴于),nowthat(既然),inthat,consideringthat(考虑到),giventhat(考虑到).MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.Seeingthatyou’realreadyatthedoor,IsupposeImustinviteyouinside.Consideringhe’sonlysixteenyearold,heisnotfitforthejob.Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.because,since,as,for辨析1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。Ididn’tgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.3)as和for的区别：通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome.（同义句）Istayathome,fortheweatheriscold.4．目的状语从句常用引导词：sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词：lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.5．结果状语从句常用引导词：so⋯that,such⋯that,特殊引导词：suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,(such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。)Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.It’suchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.6．条件状语从句常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingsethat,onconditionthatWe’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.that,inca条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时态、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时来替代。Tellmeincaseyougetintodifficulty.Supposinghedoesnotcome,shallwegowithouthim?7．让步状语从句常用引导词：though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，nomatter⋯，inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.注意：句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems⋯nomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however注意：nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.（对）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.（错）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey’regiven,（对）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey’regiven.8．比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：themore⋯themore⋯;justas⋯，so⋯;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;no⋯morethan;notAsomuchasBSheisasbad-temperedashermother.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.nomorethan只不过(嫌少的意思)notmorethan不如。。。(前者不如后者)Ihavenomorethantwopens.It’nosmorethanamiletotheshops.JackisnotmorediligentthanJohn.oneofthe+名词(复数)⋯.之一(用于最高级)HanMeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.9．方式状语从句常用引导词：as,(just)as⋯so⋯,asif/though("正如⋯"，"就像")特殊引导词：thewayWheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.asif,asthough两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛⋯⋯似的"，"好像⋯⋯似的"TheycompletelyHelooksasifignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverexisted.(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.另外，比较状语从句经常省略。I’mtallerthanhe(istall).Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).状语从句的"省略"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作归纳。(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:a.连词+形容词As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.b.连词+名词While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.c.连词+现在分词As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.d.连词+过去分词Hewon'tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan(itwas)expected.e.连词+不定式Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.Hewouldn'tsolvetheproblemevenif(hewere)totakecharge.连词+介词短语Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.HehadmasteredtheEnglishlanguagebefore(hewas)intheUSA.注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.状语从句1------5.DACBB6------10.BADDC11------15.BBDCD16------20.BBCCD21-----25.CADDA26------30.BBDAA31------35.BACBC36-----40.ADDDB41------45.DDBBB46------50.AADAD