动词时态和语态

动词的时态和语态一、动词的5种基本形式及其变化规则原形一般现在时第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词play1)1)1)1)decide2)2)2)study2)3)3)refer3)4)4)watch3)go4)5)5)make6)6)become7)7）beat8)8)put9)9)注意：1、现在分词、过去分词不单独做谓语2、be（原形）am/is/（一般现在时）bein现在分词）was/we（e—般过去式）been过去分词）二、时态的构成及其意义时态名称构成以writ为例）主要用法般现在时经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态般过去时在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态般将来时现在看来将来某一刻要发生的动作或存在的状态过去将来时在过去某一刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作过去进行时表示在过去某时间内正在进行的动作现在完成时表示说话之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在依然存在；也可表示持续到现在动作或状态过去完成时表示在过去某时间或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；表示从过去某时开始一直延续到另一个过去时间的动作或状态现在完成进行时have/hasbeen+writing表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作将来进行时willbe+writing表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作三、含情态动词的谓语结构Youmust(dial)thewrongnumber.Thereisnosuchaperson.Shecan't(read)abouttheexplosion.She，dtknowanythingaboutit.Hemight(sleep)nextdoor.Lestnotdisturbhim.Theyaresotirednow.Theymust(work)allday.四、谓语动词各时态的助动词及其作用：1、时态2、否定3、疑问一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时注意：谓语动词的否定必须在其相应时态的助动词、情态动词或be动词后加not构成实践：把下面各句中write的相关谓语改为否定UsuallyIwritenovelsinthemorning.Usuallyhewritesnovelsinthemorning.wroteanovellastyear.canwriteanovel.wasgoodatmathswhenIwasinjuniorschool.五、改错HegotoschoolfromMondaytoSaturday,buthenothaveclassesonSunday2.Icefeltcold.Theynotdrankwine,butnowtheydo.Let'sgooutnow.Iti'sntrainanymore.wenttoworkonfootyesterday,thoughitrainedcatsanddogs.6.Hehavebeeninthearmyforfiveyears.wantedtoknowwhenyouwillfinishyourwork.Theyknowedeachotherforthreeyearsbeforetheygotmarried.Hecan'tmakesprogressifhedoes'ntworkhard.Youmaytoldhimthetruthforhed'idtndoubtit.六、时态的使用原则I(meet)himinthestreetyesterday.RecentlyI(make)asurveyontheimportanceoffriendshipamong100students.■They(build)apowerstationlastwinter,'tkndxwnwhethertheyhavefinisheditIfit(notrain),Wellgoonapicnicasplanned.ItwillbeabouthalfayearbeforeI(graduate)frommiddleschool.Thetrain(leave)Londonatsixand(arrive)atBirminghamateight.-Wewillhaveapartythisevening.Ihopehecancome.--Buthe(have)anEnglishclassthisevening,asthetimetablesuggests.I(leave)forHainannextweek.Ionlyknowhe(study)inawesterncountry,but'tknowwhichcountry.Ionlyknewhe(study)inawesterncountry,butIdkdnwwhichcountry.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar(break)downneararemotevillage.It_hasbeen20yearssinceI(become)ateacher.Ithadbeen20yearssinceI(become)ateacher.It」sthefirsttimet(visit)Beijing.Thatwasthefirsttimethat(punish)hischild.Hardlyhadhelefthomewheni(rain).七、谓语动词的语态：(take).1.Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures2.Manyhouses(destroy)inthewar.Ipromisethatthemat(take)goodcareof.Hesaidthatthetr(plant)soon.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar(repair)atthegarage.Hetoldmethatthenewto(make),butnotyetfinished.Alltheperformancesforthet(complete),andwe'rereadytostart.8.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse(break)into.Theproblemmust(solve)assoonaspossible.Ihavelostoneofmygloves.Itmight(drop)somewhere.八、语篇综合应用：(一)Plans_1)(make)everynewschoolyear.Althoughalotofwork2)(do)inthepastfewyears,butmoreworkmust3)(do)thisyear.Asyousee,anewbiologylab4)(build),butwe，d(tnhaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Sostudentsinallgradesarecollectingmoney,which5)(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent,preparatio(make)forthecomingsportsmeeting.We1)(travel)inGuangzhouonJune15,2010whenaheavyrain2)(strike)Guangdong,which3)(flood)manyareas.It4)(say)thatmanyhousesandroads5)(destroy)withalossof4millionyuan.Disasterslikethisalmost6)(happen)everyyear,andnowpeople7)(be)afraidthatdisasters8)(occur)again.Fortunately,peopleinthedisaster-strickenareas9)(help)out.Nowthey10)(rebuild)theirhomeswiththeofferofhelpfromthegovernment.