虚拟语气全解1

虚拟语气全解及练习一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should,could,might)+动词原形。Ifwehadtimenow,wewouldreaditagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.2.表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthetest.IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberthen,Iwouldhavecalledyou.3.表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should+动词原形③wereto+动词原形；主句：would(should,could,might)+动词原形。Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.Ifitrained,thecropswouldbesaved.假如/如果明天我能飞到北京，我就能跟你一起去长城了。IfIfliedtoBJ,IwouldgototheGreatWallwithyou.IfIweretoflytoBJ,I…IfIshouldflytoBJ,I…IfIwenttothecollegeinthefuture,IwouldtaketheD.exam.IfIweretogotothecollegein….IfIshouldgoto…—我现在每天是坐摩托车去老师那里辅导。如是走路去老师那，那我就会热死的。NowItakeamotorbiketomyteacher’sformytraining.IfIwalkedtomy…,Iwouldbekilledbythehotweather./hightemperature.Ifyouweremybother,Iwouldlikeyouverymuch.IfIlikedEnglish,Iwouldnotbeinsuchatrouble.IfIlikedhim,Iwouldn’tspeaktohimlikethisway.DidIlikehim,如果我以前进入二中的话，也许我现在会感觉好点。IfIhadenteredNO.2….,Imightfeelbetternow.HadIentered…如果我今天早上起床起早点，那我应该、可以赶上上一班车的。IfIhadgotupearlier,Ishould/couldhavecaughtthelasttrain/bus.　HadIgotup…如果我中考的时候更仔细点，但我会已经在二中就读了。IfIhadbeenmorecareful,IwouldhavegonetoNO.2….HadIbeenmore…,如果你以后自己成了老师，你就会知道这教书有多辛苦了。Ifyoushouldbecomeateacheryourself,youwouldknowhowhardteachingis.Ifyoubecameateacher…Ifyouweretobecomea….If引导的条件句表虚拟，可以省if,　把助动词提前引起倒装。Shouldyoubecomeateacher…Didyoubecome…Wereyoutobecome…HadIknownyou,wewouldhavemadefriendsforyears.IfIhadknownyou,…虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1).混合/错综型虚拟语气　（时态/陈述句与虚拟句综合运用）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)你家离学校这么近，我们本可以走路来的。Itisverynearfromyourhometoschool,sowecouldhavewalkedtoschool.多亏了你的帮忙，否则的话我是不可能准时完成这个任务的。Thanksforyourhelp,or/orelse/otherwiseIcouldn’thavefinishedmytaskontime.（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/should/had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifhehadrecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.→Hadherecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,with,butfor(要是没有),otherwise否则,or,but等。Withoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.Hefeltverytiredyesterday,or/otherwisehewouldhaveattendedtheparty.(4)在ifitwere(hadbeen)notfor….句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于‘ifitwere/(hadbeen)notfor….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。Ifitwerenotforpeace,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavegonebankrupt.破产二．虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要有表命令，要求，请求，建议等）这种虚拟语气主要用在itis+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。常见的这类形容词有：advisable,anxious,better,desirable,surprising,natural,necessary,strange,important,regretful，(im)possible,requirable…常见的这类过去分词有：decided,demanded,recommended,requested,desired,required,ordered,suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty,pity,nosurprise,nowonder,regret,shame.Itwassuggestedthathe（should）jointheclubactivities.Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatshe(should)nothavebeeninvited.Itisapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.Urge敦促、强烈要求Urgesb.todosth.Urge+从句(should)　+动原　表虚拟Recommend,ask等表建议请求语气时．2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气①wish后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，couldhavedone表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形Iwishitwerespringallyearround.Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow./IwishIcouldgotoBJ…intwoyears.Shewishedshehadstayedathome.我多么希望能够早点认识他!HowIwishIhadknownhimearlier!他听别人说北京是多么的好，他很希望自己也能亲自去看看。HewisheshecouldgotoBJhimself.昨天看到别人上台领奖时，我也希望自己能走上领奖台。WhenIsawtheothersgettheprize,IwishedIcouldhavegottheprize.HowIwishIwereaboy.hope后面跟宾从句用陈述句，不用虚拟句。我希望你能成功。Ihopeyouwillsucceed.Ihopeeverythinggoeswellwithyou.②在表示建议，命令，要求，坚持等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest,advise,propose,/demand,request,require,command,ask,insist（要求）,urge,/order,/prefer.Asksb.todosth.请求他问我我明天会不会来。Heasked（问）meifIwouldcometomorrow.宾从陈述句他请我把门打开。HeaskedthatI(should)openthedoor.请　虚拟语气Theteacherorderedthatallthebooks(should)behandedinontime.当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’表坚持某观点或看法之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithlife.天上的乌云明示一场大雨即将来临。Thedarkcloudsintheskysuggestthatastorm/heavyrainwillcome.他坚持说自己没受伤，不要送到医院去。Heinsistedthathehadn’tgothurtand(should)notbesenttothehospital.Asksb.todosth.他坚持认为自己没错。Heinsistedthathewasn’twrong.3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice,desire,request,demand,proposal,suggestion,preference,requirement,order.Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitalentertained.Hisproposalisthatwe(should)getridofthebadhabits.Hissuggestionthatwe(should)startatonceisright.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)startatonce.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startatonce.Thatwe(should)startatoncewashissuggestion.三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在asif/asthough“好像，似乎”引导的状语从句中，即可用陈述句也可用虚拟句。若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语+asif/though+主语+一般过去时（对现在的虚拟）主语+asif/though+主语+would/could+动词原形（将来）主语+asif/though+主语+过去完成时（过去）Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.ShespeaksEnglishwellasifhehadstudiedinAmerica.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgoabroad.2.在itis(high)timethat…句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should+动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。Itistimethatwewenthome./It’stimethatweshouldgohome.3.wouldrather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。Wouldrather+主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Wouldrather+主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）I’dratherhedidn’tgonow.I’dratheryouhadn’tdoneit.4.ifonly后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。5.动词hope,intend,mean,plan,want,think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’Hehadmeanttobuythefurniturelastweek,butitrained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）　　　　　　　虚拟语气练习 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 二．选择题1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotiredA.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridgeA.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will5.Isuggestedtheperson___tobeputintoprisonA.refersB.referringC.referredD.refer6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhimA.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantodayA.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold9.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomeworkA.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeetA.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyA.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,preventD.were,wouldhaveprevented13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamA.IfheweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFridayA.WerehetoleaveB.IfhehadleftC.DidhetoleaveD.Hadheleft15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnowA.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrotherA.hascomeB.didcomeC.comeD.hadcome17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.A.was,hadhelpedB.was,wouldhavehelpedC.hadbeen,wouldhavehelpedD.were,wouldhavehelped18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterdayA.werenot,couldhaveclimbB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttodayA.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews---Iwouldassoonyou_____heraboutitA.didn’ttellB.don’ttellC.hadn’ttellD.won’ttell21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____homeA.stayedB.couldstayC.hasstayedD.stay22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____againA.shouldputonB.wouldputonC.beputonD.puton23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediatelyA.hadsentforB.sendC.besentforD.wassent24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness----Yes,but____itA.I’drathernotdoB.I’drathernothavedoneC.Ishould’tdoD.I’dbetternotdo25.IfonlyI___mycarA.hadn’tlostB.wouldn’tloseC.didn’tloseD.haven’tlost26.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearthA.isB.wouldC.wereD.wouldn’tbe27.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeingA.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tD.didn’t28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownsonA.isB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemoreA.wereB.couldbecomeC.hadbeenD.shouldbe30.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblemA.holdB.heldC.haveheldD.hadheld31.Thethiefclosedhiseyes____he____dyingA.evenif,wasB.though,wouldbeC.even,hadbeenD.asif,were32.Iwishthatyou____suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcertA.hadnotB.didnothavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwe____thequestionagainA.willdiscussB.todiscussC.shoulddiscussD.willbediscussed34.Herequestedthatthestudents____themgetincropsA.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helping35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therulesA.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey36.IwishI____herethenA.wasB.hadbeenC.wereD.wouldbe37.Itisstrangethathe____backsoearlyA.cameB.willcomeC.hadcomeD.shouldhavecome38.MothersuggestedthatI___myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTVA.didB.doC.shalldoD.havedone39.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting____offtillnextSundayA.beputB.putC.shouldputD.hadbeenput40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe____thereA.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.been41.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeelevenA.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished42.---Sorry,Joe.Ididnotmeanto……----Don’tcallme“Joe”,IamMr.Parkertoyou,and____youforgetit!A.doB.didn’tC.didD.don’t43.IdidnotattendthelecturebyPro.Jackson.I____butI____allthismorningA.would,havewashedB.could,havebeenwashingC.wouldhave,havebeenwashingD.couldhave,hadwashing44.HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!IonlymadeitworseA.hadtriedB.hadn’ttriedC.havetriedD.didn’ttry45.----HowcouldIthankyouenough?----Don’tmentionit.Anyotherman____itA.mustdoB.coulddoC.wouldhavedoneD.shouldhavedone46.KeyEuropeangovernmentsinsistIraq’sco-operation____goodandmilitaryaction______toallowinspectionstocontinueA.be,bedelayedB.is,delayC.shouldbe,bedelayedD.is,bedelayed47.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,____moredeathsA.itwouldhavebeenB.itwouldbeC.therewouldbeD.therewouldhavebeen48.Whatthecustomers_____fromthecompanyisthatthegoods____righttotheirhomes.A.requested,deliverB.demand,bedeliveredC.request,shoulddeliverD.demand,delivered49.Iflaw-breakers_____thesocietywillbeindisorderA.madeunpunishedB.cameunpunishedC.wentunpunishedD.notpunished50.Wetookataxitotheairport.Otherwisewe____lateA.wouldbeB.wereC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen51.Supposinghenever____,whatwouldhappenthenA.comeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.willcome52.Whatdoyouthinkhisproposalthatwe____aplayattheEnglishmeetingA.hadputonB.shouldputonC.haveputonD.willputon53.Ihopethatyou____rightA.willbeB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe54.Asyouknow,Iamadisabledman,butIwouldbehappyifI___ofservicetoyouA.amB.havebeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe55.Heinsistedthatwe____earlythenextmorningA.startB.startedC.wouldstartD.hadstarted56.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrotherA.hascomeB.didcomeC.hadcomeD.came57.We____lastnight,butwewenttothecinemainsteadA.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.wouldstudyD.wouldhavestudied58.Ifit_____thesnow,we_____theSimianMountainlastweekA.werenot,couldhaveclimbedB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen,couldclimb单句改错Hefeelsasifheisfloatingonacloud.Driverscan’tdriveafterdrinking.Hewillrecoversoon.Youcan’tworryabouthim.Youcanbetired—you’vebeenworkingforfourhours.Iheardyou’vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.ShouldIhavealook?Thepoorlittleboycouldneverabletoseeandhearagain.AfewyearsagoImightaffordtobringmywifetothisplacefordinner.Whycanhedoitthatway?IfeltverylonelywhenItraveledinChengdualone.Imusthavetakenmyfamily.Wemaynotthankyoutoomuchforwhatyou’vedoneforus.翻译句子要是你听取了你爸爸的建议的话，现在就有可能通过这次考试了．你本不应该这么粗心大意的．祝你好运，希望你的愿望成真．你本不需要参加这次晚会的，因为它太无聊了．人们建议父母应该花更多的时间和孩子在一起．那个男孩走起路来就像个女孩似的．是我们应该努力的时候了他昨天晚上准听说这个消息了．我本能够多帮你一些的，但当时太忙了．如果当时不是你的建议，我不会取得这么大的进步的．