Inconel 601合金

IN CO NE L® al lo y 6 01 wwwwww..ssppeecciiaallmmeettaallss..ccoomm INCONEL® nickel-chromium-iron alloy 601 (UNS N06601/W.Nr. 2.4851) is a general-purpose engineering material for applications that require resistance to heat and corrosion. An outstanding characteristic of INCONEL alloy 601 is its resistance to high- temperature oxidation. The alloy also has good resistance to aqueous corrosion, has high mechanical strength, and is readily formed, machined and welded. The limiting chemical composition of INCONEL alloy 601 is listed in Table 1. The composition is a face- centered-cubic solid solution with a high degree of metallurgical stability. The alloy's nickel base, in conjunction with substantial chromium content, provides resistance to many corrosive media and high- temperature environments. Oxidation resistance is further enhanced by the aluminum content. The properties of INCONEL alloy 601 make it a material of broad utility in such fields as thermal processing, chemical processing, pollution control, aerospace, and power generation. Alloy 601 is a standard material of construction for various types of thermal-processing equipment. Industrial-heating applications include baskets, trays, and fixtures for annealing, carburizing, carbonitriding, nitriding and other heat-treating operations. In industrial furnaces, the alloy is used for radiant tubes, muffles, retorts, flame shields, strand-annealing tubes, woven-wire conveyor belts, chain curtains, burner nozzles, and electrical resistance heating elements. Other thermal-processing applications are thermocouple protection tubes, furnace-atmosphere generators, and infrared radiant screens. Chemical-processing applications for alloy 601 include process heaters, condenser tubes in sour-water strippers, and insulating cans in ammonia reformers. The alloy is also used for combustor components and catalyst grid supports in equipment for nitric acid production. In petrochemical processing, the alloy is used for catalyst regenerators and air preheaters in the manufacture of high-density polyethylene. In pollution-control applications, INCONEL alloy 601 is used for thermal reactors in exhaust systems of gasoline engines and for combustion chambers in solid- waste incinerators. In the power-generation field, alloy 601 is used for superheater tube supports, grid barriers, and ash- handling systems. The alloy is also used for jet-engine igniters and for combustion-can liners, diffuser assembles, and containment rings in gas turbines for aircraft, industrial, and vehicular applications. Nickel ..........................................................................58.0-63.0 Chromium....................................................................21.0-25.0 Iron ............................................................................Remainder Aluminum ........................................................................1.0-1.7 Carbon........................................................................0.10 max. Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max. Sulfur ........................................................................0.015 max. Silicon .........................................................................0.50 max. Copper..........................................................................1.0 max. TTaabbllee 11 - Limiting Chemical Composition, %, of INCONEL alloy 601 Some physical constants for INCONEL alloy 601 are listed in Table 2. Thermal and electrical properties at room and elevated temperatures are given in Table 3. Values shown for thermal conductivity were calculated from measurements of electrical resistivity. Specific-heat values were calculated from chemical composition. Thermal-expansion coefficients were determined on a Leitz dilatometer; values were corrected for expansion of the quartz specimen holder. Each coefficient listed is the average coefficient over the indicated temperature range. The effect of temperature on the modulus of elasticity of alloy 601 is shown in Table 4. The data were obtained by the dynamic method. The values listed for Poisson's ratio were calculated from moduli of elasticity. All data reported for physical constants and thermal properties were determined for annealed material. PPhhyyssiiccaall CCoonnssttaannttss aanndd TThheerrmmaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess Publication Number SMC-028 Copyright © Special Metals Corporation, 2005 (Feb 05) INCOFLUX, INCOLOY, INCONEL and INCO-WELD are trademarks of Special Metals Corporation. TTaabbllee 22 - Physical Constants Density, lb/in.3 ............................................................................0.293 Mg/m3 .............................................................................8.11 Melting Range, °F..............................................................2480-2571 °C .............................................................1360-1411 Specific Heat, 70°F, Btu/lb-°F ...................................................0.107 21°C, J/kg-°C .......................................................448 Permeability at 200 oersted (15.9 kA/m) 76°F (24°C) ........................................................................1.003 -109°F (-78°C) ...................................................................1.004 -320°F (-196°C) .................................................................1.016 Curie Temperature, °F ...............................................................<-320 °C ..............................................................<-196 The data contained in this publication is for informational purposes only and may be revised at any time without prior notice. The data is believed to be accurate and reliable, but Special Metals makes no representation or warranty of any kind (express or implied) and assumes no liability with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Although the data is believed to be representative of the product, the actual characteristics or performance of the product may vary from what is shown in this publication. Nothing contained in this publication should be construed as guaranteeing the product for a particular use or application. IINNCCOONNEELL®® aallllooyy 660011 2 TTaabbllee 33 - Thermal Properties of INCONEL alloy 601 INCONEL alloy 601 has good mechanical strength. Nominal mechanical-property ranges for various products are shown in Table 5. As indicated by those values, the strength level exhibited by the alloy varies with the form and condition of the material. The optimum condition for alloy 601 depends on the type of application and the service temperature involved. In general, the solution-treated condition is used for rupture-limited applications (temperatures of about 1000°F (540°C) and higher). The annealed condition is normally used for tensile-limited applications (temperatures below about 1000°F (540°C)). TTeemmppeerraattuurree,, °°FF SSppeecciiffiicc HHeeaatt BBttuu//llbb--°°FF CCooeeffffiicciieenntt ooff EExxppaannssiioonnbb 1100--66 iinn..//iinn..//°°FF TThheerrmmaall CCoonndduuccttiivviittyyaa BBttuu--iinn..//fftt22--hhrr--°°FF EElleeccttrriiccaall RReessiissttiivviittyy oohhmm--cciirrcc mmiill//fftt 70 710 78 - 0.107 200 716 87 7.60 0.112 400 727 100 8.01 0.119 600 735 113 8.11 0.126 800 741 126 8.30 0.133 1000 747 139 8.50 0.140 1200 751 153 8.87 0.147 1400 751 165 9.19 0.155 1600 754 178 9.51 0.162 1800 758 190 9.82 0.169 2000 763 203 10.18 0.176 °°CC JJ//kkgg--°°CCµµmm//mm//°°CCWW//mm--°°CCµµΩΩ--mm 20 1.180 11.2 - 448 100 1.192 12.7 13.75 469 200 1.207 14.3 14.36 498 300 1.220 16.0 14.58 523 400 1.229 17.7 14.83 548 500 1.239 19.5 15.19 578 600 1.247 21.0 15.62 603 700 1.249 22.8 16.11 632 800 1.249 24.4 16.67 657 900 1.259 26.1 17.24 686 1000 1.262 27.8 17.82 712 aCalculated from electrical resistivity. bAverage coefficient between 80°F (27 °C) and temperature shown. MMeecchhaanniiccaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess TTeennssiillee PPrrooppeerrttiieess INCONEL alloy 601 has high tensile properties at room temperature and retains much of its strength at elevated temperatures. Typical room-temperature tensile properties of annealed material are listed in Table 6. Values are shown for both hot-finished and cold-rolled material annealed at different temperatures. TTaabbllee 44 - Modulus of Elasticity TTeemmppeerraattuurree,, °°FF PPooiissssoonn’’ss RRaattiioo aa TToorrssiioonnTTeennssiioonn TTeemmppeerraattuurree,, °°CCPPooiissssoonn’’ss RRaattiioo aa TToorrssiioonnTTeennssiioonn MMoodduulluuss ooff EEllaassttiicciittyy,, 110033 kkssii MMoodduulluuss ooff EEllaassttiicciittyy,, GGPPaa 70 29.95 11.77 0.272 20 206.5 81.2 0.272 200 29.42 11.49 0.280 100 202.4 79.2 0.278 400 28.50 11.10 0.284 200 196.8 76.5 0.286 600 27.59 10.67 0.293 300 191.2 73.8 0.296 800 26.57 10.21 0.301 400 184.8 71.2 0.299 1000 25.43 9.68 0.314 500 178.2 68.1 0.308 1200 24.12 9.05 0.333 600 170.8 64.3 0.327 1400 22.48 8.32 0.351 700 161.3 60.2 0.340 1600 20.54 7.52 0.366 800 150.2 55.6 0.350 1800 18.43 6.63 0.390 900 137.9 50.3 0.370 2000 16.20 5.68 0.426 1000 124.7 44.7 0.395 aCalculated from modulus of elasticity. IINNCCOONNEELL®® aallllooyy 660011 3 TTaabbllee 55 - Nominal Room-Temperature Mechanical-Property Rangesa TTaabbllee 66 - Typical Room-Temperature Tensile Properties of Annealed Material FFoorrmm aanndd CCoonnddiittiioonn HHaarrddnneessss,, RRbb EElloonnggaattiioonn,, %%MMPPaakkssiiMMPPaakkssii ROD and BAR Hot-Finished 85-120 585-825 35-100 240-690 60-15 65-95 Annealed 80-115 550-790 30-60 205-415 70-40 60-80 PLATE Annealed 80-100 550-690 30-45 205-310 65-45 60-75 SHEET Cold-Rolled 115-190 790-1310 100-175 690-1205 20-2 - Annealed 85-100 585-690 30-50 205-345 55-35 65-80 STRIP Cold-Rolled 115-190 790-1310 100-175 690-1205 20-2 - Annealed 85-100 585-690 30-50 205-345 55-35 65-80 TUBE and PIPE Cold-Drawn Annealed 80-110 550-760 30-60 205-415 65-35 70-95 WIRE Cold-Drawn 120- 205 825-1415 100-195 690-1345 20-3 - Annealed 90-115 620-790 35-70 240-480 45-35 - ALL FORMS Solution-Treated 75-110 515-760 25-55 160-380 75-40 55-95 TTeennssiillee SSttrreennggtthh YYiieelldd SSttrreennggtthh ((00..22%% OOffffsseett)) aValues shown are composites for various products sizes and therefore are not suitable for specifications. FFoorrmm EElloonnggaattiioonn,, %% MMPPaakkssiiMMPPaakkssii°°CC°°FFmmmmiinn.. Hot-Finished Rod 0.625 Dia. 16 Dia. 2000 1090 107.5 741 42.1 290 47 Hot-Finished Rod 0.625 Dia. 16 Dia. 1800 980 112.0 772 66.0 455 41 Hot-Finished Bar 0.5 x 1.0 13 x 25 2000 1090 102.8 709 37.6 259 46 Hot-Finished Bar 2.5 x 2.5 64 x 64 2000 1090 91.0 627 31.0 214 57 Hot-Finished Bar 0.125 x 2.0 3.2 x 51 1800 980 101.6 701 47.1 248 42 Hot-Finished Plate 0.312 7.9 2000 1090 99.7 687 40.7 281 46 Cold-Rolled Sheet 0.125 3.2 2000 1090 97.9 675 42.3 292 46 Cold-Rolled Sheet 0.062 1.57 1900 1040 115.5 796 61.0 421 36 SSiizzee YYiieelldd SSttrreennggtthh ((00..22%% OOffffsseett)) TTeennssiillee SSttrreennggtthh AAnnnneeaalliinngg TTeemmppeerraattuurreeaa aAnnealing time varied with section size. IINNCCOONNEELL®® aallllooyy 660011 4 TTaabbllee 88 - Typical Tensile Properties of Solution-Treateda Material FFiigguurree 11.. High-temperature tensile properties of solution-treated (2100°F) (1150°C) hot-finished rod. Temperature, °C 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 11001200 130 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 20 30 40 0 10 S tr es s, k si E lo ng at io n, % 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 Temperature, °F 850 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 200 250 300 350 50 100 150 0 S tr es s, M P a Elongation Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) Tensile Strength FFoorrmm EElloonnggaattiioonn,, %% YYiieelldd SSttrreennggtthh ((00..22%% OOffffsseett)) TTeennssiillee SSttrreennggtthhSSiizzee MMPPaakkssiiMMPPaakkssiimmmmiinn.. Hot-Finished Rod 1.5 Dia. 38 Dia. 87.5 603 30.0 207 59 Hot-Finished Flat 0.250 x 2.0 6.4 x 51 85.2 587 27.6 190 70 Cold-Rolled Sheet 0.062 1.57 99.5 686 43.7 301 47 Hot-Finished Plate 0.250 6.4 85.7 591 39.4 272 52 Cold-Drawn Tube 0.250b x 2.562c 6.4b x 65.1c 84.9 585 37.4 258 63 a2150°F (1180°C) bWall thickness. cOutside diameter. Room-temperature tensile properties of rod and bar in the hot-finished condition are given in Table 7. The tests were performed on longitudinal specimens from midway between the center and surface of the piece. Table 8 gives room-temperature properties of various product forms in the solution-treated condition. Tensile properties of hot-finished rod annealed at 2000°F (1090°C) are given for temperatures to 1000°F (540°C) in Table 9. The test specimens were from 0.625- in. (16-mm) rod having a room-temperature hardness of 80 Rb. High-temperature properties of solution-treated (2100°F) (1150°C) material are shown in Figure 1. The tests were performed on specimens from 0.625-in. (16- mm) diameter rod. Room-temperature hardness of the material was 81 Rb. TTaabbllee 77 - Typical Tensile Properties of Hot-Finished Rod and Bar SSiizzee EElloonnggaattiioonn,, %% YYiieelldd SSttrreennggtthh ((00..22%% OOffffsseett)) TTeennssiillee SSttrreennggtthh iinn.. MMPPaakkssiiMMPPaakkssiimmmm 2.5 x 2.5 64 x 64 93.0 641 60.0 414 40 2.0 x 2.0 51 x 51 97.5 672 44.0 303 49 3.0 Dia. 76 Dia. 98.0 676 50.5 348 45 4.0 Dia. 102 Dia. 94.0 648 41.5 286 - IINNCCOONNEELL®® aallllooyy 660011 TTaabbllee 99 - Tensile Properties of Annealeda Hot-Finished Rod TTaabbllee 1100 - Effect of High-Temperature Exposure on Room- Temperature Impact Strength TTeemmppeerraattuurree EElloonnggaattiioonn YYiieelldd SSttrreennggtthh ((00..22%% OOffffsseett)) TTeennssiillee SSttrreennggtthh °°FF %%kkssiikkssii 70 107.5 42.1 47 200 102.0 36.5 44 400 99.5 34.1 43 600 97.5 32.0 47 800 94.3 31.7 45 1000 91.0 29.0 46 °°CC %%MMPPaaMMPPaa 20 741 290 47 100 701 250 44 200 687 236 43 300 674 221 46 400 654 219 45 500 640 203 45 a2000°F (1090°C) annealing temperature. °°FF JJfftt--llbb TTiimmee,, hhrr °°CC TTeemmppeerraattuurree CChhaarrppyy VV--NNoottcchh IImmppaacctt SSttrreennggtthh 80 27 - 130 176 1000 540 100 86 117 400 89 121 1000 89 121 1100 590 100 88 119 300 92 125 1000 93 126 1200 650 100 93 126 300 90 122 1000 94 127 1300 700 100 95 129 1400 760 146 105 142 1500 820 159 117 159 1600 870 103 117 159 IImmppaacctt SSttrreennggtthh INCONEL alloy 601 is not embrittled by extended exposure to high temperatures. Table 10 shows the impact strength of the alloy after long-time exposure to temperatures from 1000 to 1600°F (540 to 870°C). The specimens retained relatively high impact strengths even after 1000 hr of exposure. The material tested was solution-treated 0.625-in. (16-mm) diameter hot- finished rod. The results of Charpy V-notch impact tests on hot-finished rod in the annealed and solution-treated conditions are given in Table 11. Tensile properties of the material tested are also shown. 5 TTaabbllee 1111 - Impact Strength of Hot-Finished Rod CCoonnddiittiioonn EElloonnggaattiioonn,, %% YYiieelldd SSttrreennggtthh ((00..22%% OOffffsseett)) TTeennssiillee SSttrreennggtthh CChhaarrppyy VV--NNoottcchh IImmppaacctt SSttrreennggtthh DDiiaammeetteerr iinn.. MMPPaakkssiiMMPPaakkssiiJJfftt--llbbmmmm Solution-Treateda 0.750 19 136 184 102.0 703 35.9 248 49 Solution-Treateda 0.625 16 130 176 102.0 703 34.6 239 50 Annealedb 0.750 19 99 134 115.0 793 65.5 452 41 Annealedb 0.625 16 103 140 112.0 772 66.0 455 41 a2100°F (1150°C)/1 hr, A.C. b1800°F (980°C)/1 hr, A.C. IINNCCOONNEELL®® aallllooyy 660011 6 FFiigguurree 22.. Rotating-beam fatigue strength at room temperature. 105 106 107 108 Cycles to Failure Annealed Material Solution-Treated Material 70 45 50 55 60 65 35 40 30 450 250 300 350 400 S tr es s, M P a S tr es s, k si FFiigguurree 33.. Room-temperature fatigue strength of annealed (1900°F) (1040°C) cold-rolled sheet. FFiigguurree 44. Low-cycle fatigue strength of INCONEL alloy 601. 102 103 104 105 106 Cycles to failure 0.001 0.1 0.01 To ta l S tr ai n R an ge , in ./ in . 70°F (21°C) 1400°F (760°C) 105 106 107 108 Cycles to Failure 70 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 450 150 200 250 300 350 400 S tr es s, M P a S tr es s, k si The rotating-beam fatigue strength of INCONEL alloy 601 in two conditions is shown in Figure 2. As indicated by the curves, annealed material has higher fatigue strength than solution-treated material. The data for annealed material in Figure 2 were determined on 0.500-in. (13-mm) diameter hot-finished rod given an annealing treatment of 1800°F (980°C)/1 hr, A.C. The material had a hardness of 89 Rb, a grain size of ASTM 8, and the following tensile properties: Tensile Strength, 113.8 ksi (785 MPa) Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), 60.1 ksi (414 MPa) Elongation, 41% The solution-treated material used to establish Figure 2 was 0.500-in. (13-mm) hot-finished rod heat-treated at 2200°F (1200°C)/1 hr, A.C. The material had a hardness of 64 Rb, a grain size of ASTM 2, and tensile properties of: Tensile Strength, 90.1 ksi (621 MPa) Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), 29.9 ksi (206 MPa) Elongation, 61% The results of cantilever-beam fatigue tests on annealed (1900°F) (1040°C) cold-rolled sheet are given in Figure 3. Transverse specimens having a hardness of 86 Rb and a grain size of ASTM 8 were used for the tests. Tensile properties were: Tensile Strength, 111 ksi (765 MPa) Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) 59.5 ksi (410 MPa) Elongation, 36% Low-cycle fatigue properties of INCONEL alloy 601 at room temperature and 1400°F (760°C) are shown in Figure 4. The material tested was 0.125 in. x 2.0 in. (3.2 mm x 51 mm) hot-finished flat. The curves represent both annealed and solution-treated material. FFaattiigguuee SSttrreennggtthh IINNCCOONNEELL®® aallllooyy 660011 7 INCONEL alloy 601 has good creep- rupture strength, and the alloy is widely used for equipment that must withstand extended exposure to high temperatures. The alloy's usefulness for such applications is increased by its resistance to oxidation and other forms of high-temperature corrosion. The rupture strength of solution-treated alloy 601 at various temperatures is illustrated by the Larson-Miller parameter presentation in Figure 5. Creep properties of the alloy at temperatures to 2000°F (1090°C) are shown in Figure 6. Rupture life of solution-treated material at various stresses and temperatures is shown in Figure 7. All creep and rupture properties were determined for material given a heat treatment of 2100°F (1150°C)/1 hr, A.C. CCrreeeepp aanndd RRuuppttuurree PPrrooppeerrttiieess Figure 5. Larson-Miller parameter plot of rupture strength of solution-treated (2100°F) (1150°C) INCONEL alloy 601. In the parameter, T is temperature in °F, and t is time in hours. FFiigguurree 66.. Typical creep strength of solution-treated (2100°F) (1150°C) INCONEL alloy 601. Temperature, °C X 100 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Temperature, °F X 100 600 40 20 10 60 80 100 200 400 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 P = (460+T) (14.883+log t) x 10-3 100 100,000 10,000 1000 100 1 10 R up tu re L ife , hr S tr es s, k si S tr es s, M P a 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 Creep Rate, %/h