高一英语教案--------

【高一英语 教案 中职数学基础模块教案 下载北师大版¥1.2次方程的根与系数的关系的教案关于坚持的教案初中数学教案下载电子教案下载 】 【高一英语教案】 Unit 2 English around the world 一、Teaching aims and demands 1.Topics ⑴.interview the headmaster and other teacher about the school rules and the ways to learn all the subjects ⑵.make a world map of English-speaking countries ⑶.collect words different in spelling, pronunciation, or meaning between British English and American English, to make a list 2.Function：language difficulties in communication Can you spell that? Could you repeat that,please? What do you mean by...? Could you speak a bit slowly,please? Sorry,I didn't follow you. I beg your pardon? How do you say...in English? How do you pronounce...? What does...mean? Can you say that in a different way? 3.Vocabulary bathroom;towel;closet;pronounce;broad;repeat;majority;native;total;tongue;equal;government;situation;international;organization;trade;tourism;global;communicate;communication;exchange;service;signal;movement;commander;tidy;stand;independent;fall;expression;typhoon;publish;southern;president;European; hhowl;cookbook;compare;replace make oneself at home;in total;except for;stay up;come about;end up with; bring in;a great many;at the same time 4.Grammar：direct and indirect speech:imperative(requests and demands)： 二、Teaching Time：Five periods 三、Teaching procedures: The First Period Step Ⅰ. Greetings and Revision（p24） Step Ⅱ. Warming up Three questions：（Key.：p24） ①How many countries and regions are there in the world? （About two hundred） ②How many languangs are there in the world? （Three thousand before,　But it is found in the recent years that there are more than five thousand languages） ③How many languanges are used as the working languangesof the United nations? （There are five. They are.：Chinese, French, Revision English and Spanish） Another two questions： ①What do you think Joe is looking for in the bathroom? ②Why can't he find it? （Key：p24） StepⅢ. Speaking ①Read or act in pairs（p9，Key：p25） ②Fill in the blanks（p9，Key：p25） ③Practise using the following：（Key：p26） Can you spell that? Could you repeat that,please? What do you mean by...? Could you speak a bit slowly,please? Sorry,I didn't follow you. I beg your pardon? How do you say...in English? How do you pronounce...? What does...mean? Can you say that in a different way? StepⅣ. Lauguages pints △Write a passage comparing American and British English. ★compare vt. 和...比较,对照(+with/to) ；比喻为,把...比作(+to) Compared with him, I am a bungler.与他相比,我只能算是一个笨拙的人。 Compare this with that, and you will see which is better. 　　　将这个与那个比较一下,你就会知道哪个比较好了。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把人世比作舞台. ㈠　Warming up 1．What is it that Joe can't find in the bathroom? ★本句为特殊疑问词开头的强调句型.强调句型的基本构成如下： It + is(was) + 被强调部分 + that(who) + 句子剩余部分. It was in the street that I found the purse. It is I who should be responsible for the incident. Why was it that you used to skip classes? 1．NANCY：Oh, there you are. Now then, did you have a good flight? 　　南希：噢，你在这儿。你旅行愉快吗？ ★ there you are：“行了，好了”。这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。还可以表示“瞧!”“对吧(果然如此)!”等语气. There you are!Then let's have some coffee. 好了,那我们来点咖啡吧. There you are!I knew we should find iot at last.对吧!我就知道我们一定能找到的. 2．JOE：Sure, we flew all the way direct from Seattle to London. 　　乔：还可以，我们从西雅图一直飞到了伦敦。 ★all the way意为“从远道”，还有“从头至尾，自始至终，完全，全部”之意，往往用来概括途中细节，后面常接目的地。 　My friend came to see me all the way from Shanghai. 我的朋友从上海远道来看我。 　Tom stayed in the game all the way.汤姆自始至终参加了比赛。 I'm with you all the way.我完全同意并支持你。 She climbed all the way to the top of the tree. 她一直爬到树顶。 3．NANCY：You must be very tired. Did you sleep at all on the plane? 　　南希：你一定很劳累。你在飞机上睡觉了吗？ ★must情态动词，在此句中表示推测，意为“一定会”。 　　You must be hungry after your long walk.你走了那么长的路，一定饿了吧。 　　They must be twins.他们一定是双胞胎。 　★表示“一定做了某事”或“一定正在做某事”，用must have done和must be doing。 　　They must have read the same report.他们一定看的是同一份报道。 　　We thought the teacher must be joking.我们以为老师一定是在开玩笑。 　★can和may也可表推测，意为“有可能”。must通常用于肯定句，can用于疑问句和否定句，may用于疑问和肯定句中。 　　—Who can it be?是谁呢？ —It can't be Li Ming. He has gone to Shanghai.不可能是李明，他已经去上海了。 　　Don't play with the sharp knife. It may hurt you.不要玩那么锋利的刀，有可能伤着你。 4．JOE：No, not really. I'm very tired. Could I use your bathroom? 乔：没有，的确没睡。我很累。好了，我可以用你的浴室吗？ 5．NANCY：Why, of course. You don't need to ask, just make yourself at home.Let me give you a clean towel.南希：当然可以。你不用问。请随便。我给你一条干净的毛巾。 ★need n. 需要；要求(+of/for)/+to-v； vt. 需要,有...必要； v.aux. (多用于疑问句和否定句)需要,必须 We have no need to be afraid of them.我们不必怕他们。 The garden needs watering.花园该浇水了。(说明：该用法相当于need to be done) I don't think you need to worry about this. 我认为你不必为这事担心。 They need our help.他们需要我们帮助。 Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗 ? You needn't trouble about that.你不必为这费事了。 ★make yourself at home意为“请随便，请自便，别客气，别拘束”。是有礼貌的日常用语，是家庭主人招待来访客人的用语。 “Make yourself at home,” the hostess said to the guest. 女主人对客人说:“别客气，就像在你自己家里一样。” When Li Ping entered Wei Fang's room, Wei Fang asked him to make himself at home. 当李平走进魏芳房间的时候，魏芳叫他别客气。 类似的用法还有：be / feel at home感到无拘无束。 She made us feel quite at home. 她使我们很放松。 In her room we were quite at home. 在她房间里我们就像在自己家里一样很放松。 6．JOE：A clean towel?乔：一条干净的毛巾？ 7．NANCY：Yes. Here you are. The bathroom is upstairs. It's the second door on the left. 　　南希：是的，给你。浴室在楼上，左边第二个门。 8．JOE：Thanks Nancy. If you'll excuse me now.乔：谢谢你，南希。打扰了。 ★If you'll excuse me now.意为“请原谅，打搅了，麻烦了”。是有礼貌的日常用语。 　　(after a while)(过了一会儿) 9．NANCY：Have you found it?南希：你找到了吗？ 10．JOE：Well, eh yes, I mean no. I mean, I found the bathroom, but I didn't find what I was looking for!乔：噢，是的，没有。我的意思是我找到了浴室,但没找到我想找的地方! ㈡　SPEAKING ⑴ ①EMILY：Karen, can you tell me how to pronounce“kilometre”? 　　埃米莉：卡伦，请你告诉我怎样读“kilometre”这个词好吗？ ②KAREN：Sure. British people say /'kil[U9mI:t[/ and Americans say /ki'lCmit[/ . 　　卡伦：当然可以。英国人读/'kil[U9mI:t[/ ，美国人读 /ki'lCmit[/ 。 ③TEACHER：Karen and Emily, is there anything that isn't clear to you? 　　老师：卡伦，埃米莉，你们还有什么不清楚的吗？ ★该句中的that isn't clear to you是定语从句，修饰anything。一般说来，当先行词是something, anything, nothing, everything时，定语从句的关系代词用that。 　　Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我为你做的吗？ 　　There is nothing that is too difficult for me.对我来说没有难得做不到的事。 ④KAREN：Emily asked me a question, but I already answered her. 　　卡伦：埃米莉问了我一个问题,可我已经回答了她。 ⑤TEACHER：What was her question?老师：她的问题是什么？ ⑥KAREN：She asked me how to pronounce“kilometre”. 　　卡伦：她问我怎么读“kilometre”这个词。 ⑵①MS SMITH：Harry, take these two pizzas to Mr Thompson on Broad Street, Number 12. 　　史密斯夫人：哈里，把这个比萨饼送给托马逊先生，他在百老汇大街12号。 ②HARRY：Can you spell that name, please?哈里：你会拼写那个名字吗？ ③MS SMITH：Th-o-m-p-s-o-n. On Broad Street, Number 12. 　　史密斯夫人：T-h-o-m-p-s-o-n。在百老汇大街12号。 ④HARRY：Can you repeat the address, please?哈里：你把地址再重复一下好吗？ ⑤MS SMITH：Broad Street, Number 12.史密斯夫人：百老汇大街12号。 ⑥HARRY：Got it.哈里：明白了。 ★Got it.意为“明白了”。 ⑦MS SMITH：Take Dave's motorbike. Here are the keys. And hurry up! 　　史密斯夫人：骑上戴夫的摩托车，钥匙在这里。赶快点！ ⑧HARRY：Anything else?哈里：还有别的事吗？ ⑨MS SMITH:Don't forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back. 　　史密斯夫人：在回来的路上别忘了给我买点番茄酱。 ★forget to do意为“忘记做”。 　　She forgot to mail the letter.她忘了寄信。 　　注意：forget doing意为“忘记曾做……” 　　I'll never forget seeing her musical in New York. 我永远忘不了在纽约所看过的那出歌舞喜剧。 ⑩Make up another dialogue for three students and act it out in class. ★make up补足 ； 编造 ；组成 We need $50 to make up the sum required. 我们需要五十元以补足所需要的数目。 The whole story is made up.整个故事完全是虚构出来的。 The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 医疗队由十二名医生组成。 ★act ... out把...表演出来 ；把...付诸行动 We roared when Mary acted out the episode. 　　当玛丽绘声绘色地描述那件事时,我们哄然大笑起来。 They are determined to act out their ideal.她们决心把自己的理想变成行动。 StepⅤ. Listening（Do it in the evening） ㈠　Exercise （p9） （Key：p25） ㈡　Exercise（p91）　（Key：p25) The Second Period Step Ⅰ. Greetings and Revision（p27） Step Ⅱ. Preparation for Reading（p27） StepⅢ. Fast Reading （Three questions on p27） StepⅣ. Reading ㈠ Seven questins on p28 ㈡ True or false： ①More than 375 million people speak English as their native language.or as a second language. （F）→More than 750 million people speak English…… ②Most native speakers of English are found only in the United Kingdom, the United States. （F）→Most native speakers of English are found in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand. ③In the Philippines the officail language is English.（T） ④ In Hong Kong, many people learn English as a second language. （F）→In Hong Kong, many people learn English as a first or second language. ⑤English is not the working language of WTO. （F）→English is the working language of WTO. ⑥ To have a good knowledge of English will become more and more important.（T） ㈢Comprehension exercise： ①What does this sentenses"English is a language spoken all around world" mean? A. More than 750 million people speak English as their native language or as a second language B. More than 750 million people learn English as a foreign language. C. English is the working language of most international organisations, trade and tourism. D. All the above ②In which countries do we find English is used as the second language? A. Canada, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, the Philippines and New Zealand. B. South Africa, Australia, India, Pakistan, Nigeria and C. The Philippines, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Singapore and Hong Kong in China D. Irelang, Australia, Singapore, Midway Island, Tuekey and Panama ③In which country do all people speak English? A. In China B. In India C. In America D. In Singapore ④In China, all the people speak _____? A. Chinese B. English C. dialet D. Putonghua ⑤Why is English so important that we Chinese should learn it? Because_____. A. all the Chinese people speak English 　 B. the Chinese use English as a second language C. the Chinese use English as a working language 　D. English is spoken all around world 　　Key：DCCDD ㈣ Main ideas： P1：More than 750 million people speak English as their native language or as a second language P2：More than 750 million people learn English as a foreign language. P3：English is the working language of most international organisations, trade and tourism. StepⅤ. Lauguages pints ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD（世界各地的英语） 1．English is a language spoken all around world.（英语是世界各地都讲的一种语言。） ★spoken all around the world过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句...which is spoken all around the world。单个的过去分词作定语，往往前置。而过去分词短语作定语要后置。及物动词的过去分词作定语往往含有被动和完成的意思。而不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成而不表被动。 　a damaged computer一台损坏了的计算机 fallen leaves落叶 a bridge built last year去年修建的桥梁 the work finished yesterday昨天完成的工作 2．There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. （不止42个国家的人讲英语。） ★此句中包含着一个由where引导的定语从句，当先行词是表示地点的名词时，后常接由where引导的定语从句，where是关系副词，在句中作状语。 　　That is the buildingswheresmy father works.这是我父亲工作的大楼。 ★more than意为“多于，不止”。 　　There were more than 1000 people at the party.有1000多人参加了聚会。 　　Her performance is more than good, it was perfect.她的表演非常好，可以说是完美的。 　　no more than意为“仅仅”；not more than意为“不超过，顶多” 　　She ate no more than a slice of toast for breakfast.她早餐只吃了一片吐司。 ★majority n. “大多数,大部分,多数,过半数,大多数”。 The majority were on Ben's side.大多数人都站在本的一边。 　　a/the majority of…后面的谓语动词多用复数 　　The majority of students were indifferent to the political meeting. 　　 大多数的学生对政治集会不关心。 3．Most native speakers of English are found in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand. In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.（在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、南非、爱尔兰、新西兰，大多数人以英语为母语，总共有三亿七千万多人的母语是英语。） ★native　a.　天生的 ；出生地的,祖国的,家乡的 ；本土的,本国的,土生的 ；(某地)特有的,原产的　n.　本地人,本国人 ；(某地)原有的动(植)物 They are native speakers of English.他们的母语是英语。 He has been away from his native Poland for three years.他离开故土波兰已有三年了。 The giant panda is native to China.大熊猫是中国特有的动物。 Are you a native here, or just a visitor?你是本地人?或者只是过客? The kangaroo is a native of Australia.袋鼠是澳大利亚的土生动物。 4．An equal number of people learn English as a second language. These people will perhaps speak the language of their own country at home with their family, but the language of the government, schools, newspapers and TV is English.（还有同样多的人把英语作为第二种语言，这些人在家有可能和他们的家人讲本国语，但是官方、学校、报纸、电视都用英语。） ★as介词，意为“担任……，作为，如同……”。 　　She works as a secretary.她担任秘书工作。 　　Since the little boy's mother died, his older sister has acted as his mother. 　　 自从那小男孩的母亲死后，他姐姐就象妈妈一样照顾他。 ★the number of后跟可数名词复数形式，但谓语动词用单数形式。a number of…意为“大量的……”，后面接名词的复数形式。 　　The number of students in our school is 6000.我们学校的学生的数量是6000。 　　A large number of trucks, cars and buses had to stop because of the heavy snow. 由于大雪，大量的卡车、小汽车、公共汽车不得不停开。 考题：The number of people invited__fifty,but a number of them__absent for different reasons. A.were;was 　B.was;was 　C.was;were（√）　 D.were;were 5．This situation is found in countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines. （这种情况在很多国家都存在，如印度、巴基斯坦、尼日利亚和菲律宾。） 6．However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million. （然而，把英语当作外语学习的人有七亿五千多万人）。Everywhere in the world children go to school to learn English.（世界各地的孩子上学学英语。） Most people learn English for five or six years at high school.（大多数人在中学学5到6年的英语。） In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong，where many people speak English as a first or a second language.（在中国，学生把英语作为一种外语学习。但香港的学生不同，在那儿有许多人把英语当作第一或第二语言。） ★except意为“除了……”，后面可以接名词或代词，介词短语，动词不定式，还可以接从句。 　　I can take my holidays at any time except in August. 　　　除八月外，我什么时候都可以休假。 　　He goes to the library every day except when it rains.除了下雨天，他每天去图书馆。 He stood still except that his lips moved.他站在那里除了嘴唇在动外，一动也不动。 ★except for：除了...以外 ；要不是由于 The composition is quite good except for the spelling. 　　这篇文章除了拼写以外,其他都不错。 I would go to the party with you except for my broken leg. 　　要不是因为我腿断了,我想与你一起去参加聚会。 ★except for／except：except for相当于except，用来引起同类事物中被排除的一项，意为“除……之外”，常与all, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere, anyone, anybody, anything, any- where, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere等不定代词连用。 Everyone has helped except for you. 除了你之外，所有的人都帮了忙。 except for也可表总体上肯定某人/物的特点，同时指出次要的不吻合之处。 His composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几个拼写错误之外，他的作文写得很好。 This film is wonderful except for a few dialogues. 除去几个对话外，这场电影总体上很精彩。 7．In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.（仅仅50年中，英语已经发展成为世界上讲得最多，使用得最广泛的语言。） ★此句中的most widely spoken and used in the world在句中作定语，相当于定语从句which/that is most widely spoken and used in the world. ★develop vt. 使成长，使发展 ；开发 ；逐渐产生，逐渐养成；使显影,冲洗(底片) 　　　　 vi. 生长，成长，形成 ；进步，进化 ；发展 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳能使肌肉发达。 The builders are developing that part of the city.建筑商正在开发这座城市的那个地区。 Try to develop good reading habits.要养成良好的阅读习惯。 Plants develop from seeds.植物由种子发育而成。 Her friendship with David developed slowly.她与戴维的友谊发展缓慢 8．English is the working language of most international organisations, international trade and tourism.（英语是大多数国际组织、国际贸易、国际旅游的工作语言。） Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese.（商人和旅游者经常来中国，他们通常用不着会讲汉语。） Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.（中国的商人、出租车司机和学生用英语和他们交谈。 English is also the language of global culture，such as popular music and the Internet.（英语像流行音乐，因特网一样，也是全球性文化。） You can listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet.（你可以通过无线电听英语歌曲也可以用英语和世界各地的人在因特网上交流。 ） ★without为介词，后面接动词时要用V-ing形式。 You can't come in without being invited. 没有被邀请你不能进来。 I couldn't have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. 不给你一件礼物我不可能活过圣诞节。 值得注意的是，除but, except之外的一般介词后面都可跟V-ing形式作宾语。 He makes a living by teaching. 他以教书为生。 I look forward to seeing her again. 我希望再一次见到她。 ★communicate vt. 传达，传递，传播(+to)　vi.交流思想(或感情,信息等)；交际，交往(+with) ；通讯，通话(+with) Did she communicate my wishes to you?她有没有把我的祝福转告你? We learn a language in order to communicate. 我们学习语言是为了交流思想。 He had no way to communicate with his brother.他没有办法与他兄弟联系。 ★communicate with sb.意为“和……交流”。 　　I often communicate with my friends by telephone.我经常通过电话和我的朋友交流。 9．With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.（每天有这么多人用英语交流，我们可以认识到掌握好英语越来越重要）。 ★句中With so many people communicating in English是独立主格结构，该结构由with+名词/代词+V-ing形式构成，常作状语。 Now he could walk only with Xiao Hong supporting him.现在只要小红扶着，他就能走路了。(support的逻辑主语是Xiao Hong，又是with的宾语) He stood there, with his lips trembling. 他站在那里，嘴唇在颤动着。 The baby fell from the cradle, with blood coming down from his face. 婴儿从摇篮里掉了下来，血从脸上流了出来。 ★have a knowledge of　对…有所了解 StepⅥ. Post Reading and Practise Part two on page 11（Key：p29） The Third Period 〖语法专讲〗 Step Ⅰ. Greetings and Revision Step Ⅱ. Grammer ㈠ 疑问句的直接引语和间接引语 　　当把疑问句的直接引语转变为间接引语时，除了时态、人称、地点、时间状语的相应变化外，还应把疑问语序改为陈述语序。一般疑问句的间接引语还应用连词if或whether来引导。 　　“Are you pleased?”asked Tom.→Tom asked if she was pleased. 　　“Do you need to wear any jewellery?”asked John. 　 　 →John asked whether you need to wear any jewellery. 　　“How much is the necklace worth?”asked the woman. 　 　→The woman asked how much was the necklace worth. 　　“Where have you been all these years?”asked Jack. 　 　→Jack askedswheresI had been all those years. ㈡ 祈使句的直接引语变间接引语 祈使句的直接引语改为间接引语时常改为tell/ask/order/sb. (not) to do的形式。例： ①“Put your coat in the closet,”the landlord said to him. → The landlord asked him to put his coat in the closet. ②The father said to his children,“Don't move!” →The father told his children not to move. 从例句可见：句①是表示“请求”的口气；句②是表示“命令”的口气。 由此看来，当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词，形成三种结构：⑴表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask sb. to do sth.；⑵表示叫、吩咐某人做某事时用tell sb. to do sth.；⑶表示命令某人做某事时用order sb. (not) to do sth.。例如： ①She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest. ②The old man said, “Don't smoke in the hall.” →The old man told me not to smoke in the hall. ③The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer ordered us to go away. ④“Go to the office and get the book for me.”The teacher said to Mike. 　 　→The teacher told Mike to go to the office and get the book for her. 　⑤“Don't make a noise in class.”The teacher said to the students. 　 →The teacher told the students not to make a noise. 注意：当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表示“请求”、“命令”等口气，所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。 One of the doctors said, “Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.” → One of the doctors asked Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation. 不知道同学们注意到没有，该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr. Bethune，一般把它当作宾语用。再如： “Go and wash your face, Tom,” Mother said. →Mother told Tom to go and wash his face. 顺便提一下，祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。例如： Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. →“Give it to me, please,” Wei Fang said to him. 只要同学们认真记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构，相信同学们一定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语。 ㈢ 直接引语变间接引语时态不变的几种情况 一般地，直接引语变间接引语时，时态要发生变化；然而，时态不变的情况主要有： 1． 若直接引语表述的是客观事实、科学真理和格言时。如： The teacher said, “The earth moves round the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun. The old man said, “There are twelve months a year.” →The old man said that there are twelve months a year. 2． 若直接引语所表述的事在目前和说话时同样有效时。如： He said, “I am a man, not a woman.” →He said that he is a man, not a woman. She said, “I like playing football.” →She said that she likes playing football. 3． 若直接引语为一般现在时，且表示反复出现或经常性、习惯性的动作时。如： Tom said, “ I have lunch at school every day.” →Tom said that he has lunch at school every day. 4． 若主句的时态是一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时时。如： He often says, “I will never forget you.”→He often says he will never forget me. He will say, “I have done my best.”→He will say that he has done his best. 5． 若直接引语是过去完成时。如： The girl said to her mother, “I had finished my homework before supper.” →The girl told her mother that she had finished her homework before supper. 6． 若在当天转述别人的话，且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。如： Lily said to me, “I was late for class yesterday.” →Lily told me that she was late for class yesterday. 7. 若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” → She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 8. 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时。如： She said, “We should help each other.” → She said we should help each other. 9. 若对刚说过的话马上转述时。如： Jim: I have been