商务英语翻译_第二章_涉外商务信函的翻译

第二章 涉外商务信函的翻译 第一节 商务信函简介 一 商务信函的12种要素 *​  信头（letterhead） *​  案号 (reference) *​  日期 (date) *​  封内地址 (inside address *​  注意项 (attention line) *​  称呼 (salutation) *​  事由栏 (subject) *​  信的正文 (body of letter) *​  信尾敬语 (complimentary close) *​  签名 (signature) *​  缩写名、附件及分送标志部分 （IEC: initials, enclosures and carbon copies block） *​  附言 (postscript) 商务信函实例1 Kee & Co., Ltd 34 Regent Street London, UK Inside Address 收信人地址 Dear Sirs，Salutation称呼 We have obtained your name and address from Dee &Co. Ltd, and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, we are interested in extending our range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations. If your prices are competitive we would expect to place volume orders on you. We look forward to your early reply.   Yours faithfully, Complimentary Close客套结束语 Tony Smith Signature Block签名栏 Enc: invoice for consulting services Enclosure Notation  商务信函实例2 1117 The High Road Austin TX 78703 6 June 2006 MR. David Patricks ……Road, Yiwu Zhejiang Province. China (PRC) *​ Dear buyer: *​ 　It is good to hear from you again. You inquired about my bamboo baskets on September 15,1998.I sent you a company catalog at that time. I can send you a second catalog if you need? 　 You are not the only importer in Brazil that has asked us about bamboo baskets. I have also received inquires from ABC company, Universal Co Ltd in Brazil, but they always inquired another kind of baskets. I will introduce this kind of basket for you if you need. Would you like me to help you by making a special sample for you Brazil market? 　　 *​  We are a professional bamboo products manufacture with 14 years experiences in China, offering over 1,500 various kinds of bamboo products and monthly output up to 5 millions pieces. We are the best manufacturer that you can trust in China. The details for the product (as the attached photo) you inquired as following :FOB XXX,Min.Order:2,000,Price:USD1.80/pc,Delievery Time:30 days after the receipt of send you a smaple with catalog together. *​ 　　I look forward to see your reply! *​ 买家您好, *​ 　很高兴再次收到您的查询：您在去年9月15日曾向我们查询过竹篮，那时我们曾寄过公司目录给您，如您需要我可再寄一次给您。 *​ 　　您并不是巴西唯一向我们查询过竹篮的进口商，我们也曾收到来自巴西ABC、Universal等的进口商的查询，但他们总是查询另一种竹篮，如您有需要，我可以向您介绍那一类的竹篮，您是否希望我为您的巴西市场做些特别的样品给您？　 *​ 我们是有十四年专业竹制品经验的中国制造商和提供超过1,500种多样的竹制品，月产量达五百万个，是您最值得信赖的中国竹制品供应商。您询问的产品如附图资料如后：XXXXXXXXXXXX。我明天会寄一份目录给您，若您能提供您的快递帐号，我们将把样品一同寄给您！ 2 涉外商务信函语篇风格的特点，也称7C原则 *​  2．1 完整 (completeness) *​  2．2 简洁 (conciseness) *​  2．3 具体 (concreteness) *​  2．4 正确 (correctness) *​  2．5 清晰 (clarity) *​  2．6 体谅 (consideration) *​  2．7 礼貌 (courtesy) 2．1 完整 (completeness) 实例解说： "Cellulose Tape 1/2"x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz./ ditto-but 1/2“ x 5 yds, 1,000doz.” 这是出口商接到的一份定单中有关商品品名，规格和数量的内容。 中文意思是： “纤素带（幅）宽半英寸，长３码，带塑料包装容器，７0０打； 同上，但（幅）宽宽半英寸，长５码，１０００打。” 问题是后半句不清楚。 “ditto”在这里表示前面提到的商名称纤维素带，但不能包括“带塑料包装容器”，因此，幅英寸长５码的纤维素带是否 要塑料包装容器没有说清楚，不完整。 所以最好改成： "Cellulose Tape 1/2"x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz. Cellulose Tape 1/2" x 5yds，with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.这样既完正，又清楚明确，不引起误解。 2．2 简洁 (conciseness) *​  "简洁"是有客观标准的。虽然西方国家的作者之间在怎样用词才算"简洁"方面还是有争论的，不过他们的一些看法还是有一定参考价值的。 　　 *​ 　 怎样才能使商业书信"简洁"？ 西方国家作者有很多建议，先介绍如下： *​ （一） 避免使用陈旧的商业术语 陈旧的与传统的商业术语（Commercial jargon）对信的内容没有什么作用，应该避免使用。 *​ Ex 1： Wordy: We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of November 14 with the check for Stg.10 enclosed and wish to thank you for same *​ Concise: We appreciate your letter of November 14 and the check for Stg. 10 you sent with it. *​ 例二： *​ Wordy: We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would be kind enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities. Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city? *​ Concise: Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city. *​  （二） 要长话短说，避免罗嗦 　　 *​ 通常商业人士每天需要阅读大量的书信，对开门见山，长话短说，直接切题的信特别欢迎。因此， 写信要力求长话短说， 例如： 不要写 *​ Please see that an enquiry is conducted to determine the reason. 应写作 *​ Please find out the reason. 不要写 *​ We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion. 应写作 *​  We are sorry we cannot meet your present order. 要使用简洁的语言，有可能的话， 尽量使用单词来代替某些娇柔做作的短语。 删去不必要的形容词，如下列句子中的形容词或副词删去后并不影响句子的原意： The proposal is under (active) consideration. The answer is (definitely) correct. I would (rather) think the fare is too high. The (true) facts are as stated . *​ （三） 要注意每句句子的长短 例如： *​ “We would like to know whether you would allow us to extend the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by cable without delay.” 　 *​ 这句话过分“客气”，使句子过长而不清楚。内容要求对方同意延期交货20天，一般情况下，应尽可能提出延期到那一天的具体日期。 *​ 这句话可压缩为： "Please reply by telegram immediately if you will allow us to delay the shipment until April 21." 2．3 具体 (concreteness) 2．4 正确 (correctness) *​ 商业书信必须写得正确，因为它涉及到买卖双方的权利，义务，厉害关系，是各种商业单据（如 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 ）的根据。 广义的说，商业书信的正确性表现在： *​ （一） 运用正确的语言水平 *​ （二） 叙述得正确 *​ （三） 数字要正确 *​ （四） 正确理解和运用商业术语 （五） 合适的写作技巧或方法，以及正确运用其他 的六个"Ｃ"。 （一） 运用正确的语言 （二 ）叙述得正确 *​ 叙述得正确： 商业书信的内容要叙述得正确，既不要说得不够(Understatement)，更不要说得过头(Overstatement)。 *​ [例一] This stove is absolutely the best (or: the very best) on the market. (这种炉子是市场上绝对最好的炉子。) *​ 这句话是用来介绍商品的，但没有具体介绍商品的性能，而是抽象地断定这种炉子是“市场上最好的”。这样介绍商品，不但不能达到推销的目的，反而使人对写信人有“卖狗皮膏药”的感觉。 ［改写］ Our model A195 is designed on modern lines, without any increase in fuel consumption, 25% more heat than the older models. So you will agree that it is the outstanding stove for economy of fuel. (我们的Ａ１９５型炉子是按近代样式 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 的，在不增加燃料消耗的情况下，比其他各种旧式炉子温度高２５％。所以，你会同意，这是优良的节约燃料的炉子。) （三） 字要正确 字要正确： 做对外贸易离不开数字。　对商业书信中的数字的正确性要特别加以注意，有时“失之毫厘，差之千里”。甚至引起不同的理解。 （a）“以上”，“以下”，“以前”，“以后”，“从….到... ”等的表达法 （b）二美元和二美元以上 $2 or (and) $2 above (over) 不少于５０罗的定单 50gross or (and) up (upward, upwards) （四） 正确理解和运用商业术语 *​ 理解和运用商业术语 ： *​ 一般常用的商业用语用字简洁，意义明确，使用得好，工作进行得顺利，使用得不好，就会引起混乱，误解，甚至产生不必要的纠纷. *​ 如：You ask very short delivery for your order. *​ 写信的人原意是说“你们要求赶快交你们的定货。” *​ 可是short delivery不是快点交货的意思，而是“短交”的意思，这就用错了商业术语。 *​ 因此，应该说： *​ Your require quick (prompt) delivery of your order. （五）正确运用其他的六个 "Ｃ"。 2．5 清晰 (clarity) （一）．避免使用可能产生不同理解或意义不明确的词 〈例一〉 　　 *​  As to the steamers sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services. 　 　(从香港到旧金山有直达船，) 但是bimonthly 究竟是一个月两次即半月一次呢，还是两个月一次？不明确。 因此，最好清楚明白说明"一个月两次"还是"两个月一次” *​ （a） We have two direct sailings every month from Hongkong to San Francisco. 　　 （每月两次直达船） *​ （b） We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco. 　　 （每半月一次直达船） *​ （c） We have a direct sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco every two month. 　 *​ （每两个月一次直达船） （二）注意修饰词的位置，有时修饰词的位置不同，会导致不同的含意如： *​  a) Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as possible; *​ b) Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us to do about this matter. 以上两句中的“”修饰的内容不同： a) 你们要求我们尽快做些什么。 b) 请尽快告诉我们。 a) 可译成“请告诉我们你们要我们为此尽快做些什么”； 　 b) 可译为“请尽快告知，你们要我们为此事做些什么”。 （三）注意代名词,关系代词和先行词的关系按照英语习惯,句子中的代名词和关系代词一般是指离得最近的名词，因此要特别注意，以免引起误解或不清楚.例： *​ 不好 ：They informed Messrs. John & Smith that they would receive an answer in a few days. *​ 较好： They informed Messrs. John & Smith that latter would receive an answer in a few days. *​ (四)注意前后一致和紧凑，连贯 *​ 不一致： Being a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us. *​ 一致： Being a certified public accountant, you can surely help us. or; As you are a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us. （五）仔细和恰当地分段落 　　 *​ 商业书信要写得使人一读就明白，因此必须按照内容仔细和恰当的分段落，一般的分段落原则是一个段落一个意思（A paragraph for each point is a good general rule.）现举例说明： *​ Dear Sirs, 　　 　　 It is reported in a domestic newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their business of opening a new letter of credit as from the 3rd May for financial reason of foreign currency. Although it is said that this arrangement would be a temporary one and with establishment of new import policy this emergency arrangement would be lifted, we are much concerned about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran and shall be obliged if you will kindly keep us well advised of development of this new arrangement especially in connection with import from France. Yours faithfully, 　 　 以上这封信只有一段，供两句。第一句39字，第二句66句。 读后虽 然能基本了解其内容， 但读起来很舒服。信的内容大体有三点： １伊朗中央银行因外汇原因，通知个商业银行从五月三日起停止 开立信用证； ２ 这临时措施，新的进口政策一订，这个措施可能取消； ３. 希望对方随时告之有关情况。 按照这三点，适当地分段，把信重新改写，读起来比原来的清楚易懂： Dear Sirs, 　　 　　It is reported in a vernacular newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their issuing new Letters of Credit as from the 3rd May because of its decreasing foreign currency funds. Furthermore it is said that the suspension seems a temporary one and willbe released with establishment if a new import policy. 　　　 　 We are much concerned, however, about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran. We, therefore, shall be obliged if you will keep us well informed of development of this new state of affairs, especially in connection with imports from France. Yours faithfully, 2．6 体谅 (consideration) 2．7 礼貌 (courtesy) *​ COURTESY译成“礼貌”。但是根据西方国家函电书籍作者普遍的看法，所谓COURTESY是“客气而又体谅人”的意思。这样的形式很多，现在提供一些常见的供参考： *​ （一） 把命令变成请求的常用形式： Please, Will you…….., Will you please……..,如： *​  a) Will you give us more detailed information on your requirement? *​  b) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from you on these two points? *​ （二） 虚拟式（Past Subjunctive From）如： a) Would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms? b) We would ask you to ship the goods by the first available vessel. c) We wish you would let us have your reply soon. d) This would seem to confirm our opinion. e) We should be grateful if you would help us with your suggestion. f) We might be of some service to you in a similar case. 　　 以上的b, 也可用 will, shall, may, 但是用Past Subjunctive Form则表示更客气婉转些。 2．7 礼貌 (courtesy) （三） 缓和用法（Mitigation） 　　 为了缓和过分强调或刺激对方，常用: We are afraid, we would say, we may(or, might) say, we(would) think, it seems(or would seem) to us, we(would) suggest, as you are (or: may be) aware, as we need hardly point out等等表达法来缓和语气，如： *​  a) It was unwise of you to have done that. 　 We would say that it was unwise of you to have done that. *​  b) You ought to have done it. 　 It seems to us that you ought to have done it. *​ c) We cannot comply with your request. 　 We are afraid we cannot comply with your request. *​ d) Our products are the very best on the market. 　 We might say that our products are the very best on the market. 符合7C原则的信函实例 *​ Dear Sirs, Our client in Mumbai requests us to obtain from you a pro forma invoice for color TV sets with the following specifications: “Haier” brand color TV sets 25-inch and 34-inch(each 500sets). Would you please airmail us the soonest possible your pro forma invoice for 1,000 color TV sets with prices CIF Mumbai, so that we obtain our client’s confirmation. There is no question about our getting the necessary import license from our authorities. As soon as the said license is approved, we shall establish an L/C in your favour. Thank you for your close cooperation in this respect. Yours Sincerely, John Smith 敬启者： 我们的一个孟买客户要求我们从贵方取得下列规格的彩色电视机形式发票：“海尔” 彩色电视机25英寸和34英寸各500台。 请尽快航邮注有孟买到岸价格的1，000台彩色电视机的形式发票，以便我们取得客户认可。从当局取得必要的进口许可证当无问题。 一俟获得许可证即开以贵方为受益人的信用证。 感谢贵方的密切合作。 你真诚的， 约翰．史密斯 第二节 商务信函的文体特点及其翻译 *​ 1 商务信函的文体特点 1．1 词汇使用特点 1．1．1 用词规范正式 1．1．2 表意准确、专业性强 1．1．3 用语朴素、淡于修饰 1．2 语法使用特点 1．2．1 句子类型 1．2．2 句式结构 （1）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主 （2）常用并列结构 （3）状语位置独特 1．2．3 虚拟语气的运用 *​ 2 商务信函的翻译要点 2．1 商务英语信函翻译的原则 2．2 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项 1 商务信函的文体特点 *​ 1．1 词汇使用特点 *​ 1．1．1 用词规范正式 （1）商务英语信函经常以意义相同或相近的书面词语代替基本词汇和口语词汇，如以inform或advise代替tell，以duplicate代替copy，以dispatch代替send，以otherwise代替or；以介词短语代替简单的介词，如以as for，in respect to，in connection with和with regarding to等代替about等。 例如： *​  We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction. *​  我们很高兴地通知你们：第105号订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。 1．1．1 用词规范正式 *​ We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5% in view of our long pleasant relations. 鉴于我们之间长期愉快的业务关系，本公司将酌情考虑给予5%的折扣。 （2）商务信函中还经常使用here/there +介词构成的复合词，如hereafter，hereby，hereunder，hereto，hereinafter，herewith，thereafter，therein，therefrom等。 例如： All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof. In such a case, Seller is bound to reimburse buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom. All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof. 所有报盘和销售均应遵守本报价单背面所印的条款。 In such a case, Seller is bound to reimburse buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom. 在次情况下，卖方负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。 1．1．2 表意准确、专业性强 *​ 商务信函用词表意准确、专业性强，主要表现在使用大量的专业术语、行话、外来词、缩略语以及一般词语在商务英语语境中的特殊用法。 （1）专业术语类： *​ Trimming charges 平仓费 *​  insurance policy 保险单 coverage 保险项目 establishment 开证 counter-suggestion 反还盘 surcharges附加费 pro forma invoice premium clearance sale underwriter 保险人 L/C CIF FOB bid C.B.D. counter-offer irrevocable letter of credit pro forma invoice形式发票 premium保险费 clearance sale清仓削价销售 underwriter 保险人 L/C 信用证 CIF 到岸价格 FOB离岸价格 bid 递盘 C.B.D. 付现提货 counter-offer还盘 irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤消信用证 1．1．2 表意准确、专业性强 例如： *​ We shall cover TPND on your order. 我们将为你方的货物投保盗窃和提货不着险。 *​ It would be appreciated if you would let us know by returning your lowest possible price for the following goods on FOB London. 请报下列商品伦敦船上交货之最低价。 （2）外来词类： 拉丁语的status quo（现状），意大利语的del credere（保付货价的），汉语中的litchi（荔枝），tungoil（桐油），mango（芒果）等。 （3）行话：长期的函电交往使人们在使用术语上形成共识，本来意义差异很大的词汇在特定的语境中所表达的内涵和外延却非常相似。 *​ Offer, quotation表示“报价，发盘” *​ Pamphlet, brochure, booklet, sales literature 表示商家用于宣传介绍自己公司或产品的“说明材料” *​ Shipment和consignment 表示“所发出的货物” *​ Financial standing/ reputation/ condition/ position 用于表示公司的“资信财务情况” *​ Fulfill/complete/execute an order用于表示“执行订单” *​ A draft contract或a specimen contract 表示“合同样本” 1．1．2 表意准确、专业性强 （4）商务信函准确性主要体现在数量词的大量运用。商务 信函中的时间，价格，数量，金额，规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终，数字的表达应言之确凿，避免摸棱两可。 *​ 例如：The vender shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15. 卖方须于6月15日或之前将货物交给买方。 *​ The market here for this product is active, and the best price we can offer is US $150 or over per long ton. 该产品在本地的销售看好，我方出价可达每长吨150美元或以上。 1．1．3 用语朴素、淡于修饰 *​ 商贸信函的主要功能是传递信息，使收、发信函双方发生贸易往来、达成交易，因此除了必须使用专业术语等手段准确传达自己的信息意图外，还要求信函语言明白易懂，朴实平易。 *​ 例如： Dear Sirs, Thank you for your interest in our fireworks. In reply to your enquiry of November 15, we are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any of our sales information. We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience. Yours truly, 敬启者： 承蒙贵方对我们的烟花感兴趣，十分感谢。 兹复贵方11月15日询价函，我们非常抱歉地奉告，我们不泄露我方任何销售情况。我们希望这不会给贵方带来很多不便。 敬上 1．2 语法使用特点 1．2．1 句子类型 英语句子按使用目的可以分为四类： 陈述句（Declarative Sentences） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentence） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences） （1）商务信函主要使用陈述句。 例如： Dear Sirs, We thank you for your promptness in delivering the coffee we ordered on 20th, July. The number of bags delivered by your carrier this morning was, however, 160 whereas our order was for only 120. Unfortunately, our present needs are completely covered and as we cannot make use of the 40 bags in excess of order, we have put them in our warehouse to be held for you until we receive your instructions. Yours Truly, 敬启者： 收到我方7月20日订购的咖啡，并对你方迅速交货表示感谢。但是，你方承运人上午交来160袋，而我们只订购120袋。 遗憾的是，我方需求已满，无法接受你方多交的40袋。我们已将此货入库保存，等候你方指示。 敬上 （2）祈使句表示请求、劝告、命令等，用祈使句可避免生硬刻板，比 陈述句更有礼貌。 *​  *​ Please look into the matter at once and let us have your definite reply by cable without any further delay. 请立即坚持此事，并尽快电告确切答复。 （3）疑问句也可用来表达写信人的观点或向对方提议，疑问句给对方留有更大的余地，更有礼貌，它的使用频率比祈使句相对要多。 *​  Would you please send us a copy of your catalogue? 能否向我公司邮寄一份贵公司的产品目录？ （4）感叹句虽然可以渲染气氛，增强语势，但与函电英语讲求客观、严谨的文体不符，因此感叹句在函电英语中极少使用。 1．2．2 句式结构 *​ 从结构看，英文句子可以分成三种类型： 简单句（Simple Sentences），并列句（Compound Sentences）， 复合句（Complex Sentences）,函电英语采用大量的并列句和复合句。 （1）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主：为了保证考究的句式和严密的逻辑性，函电英语往往需要将连续的短句结合成一个独立的主从复合句或并列句。 *​ 复杂句 *​  The Credit could cover 85%of the local expenses if they are made under the responsibility of the British Contractor and within the limit of the down payments paid on the Contract, i.e., 15% as a maximum. *​ 此项贷款可支付当地费用的85%。但此项费用必须是英国承包商直接负责支付的，并必须在合同付款的幅度以内，即最高不得超过合同金额的15%。 该句是主从复合句，由从属连词if引导的状语从句包含了两个前提条件，使主句的行为范围受到严格限制，从而使全句逻辑严密。 *​  复合句结构复杂，表达完备周密；简单句则结构简单，简洁明快。函电英语对严谨和简洁都有要求，目的在于追求准确严谨的语言风格，因此复合句的使用虽普遍，但不排斥简单句的使用。 1．2．2 句式结构 （2）常用并列结构 *​ 用and连接并列结构，使表达更精确。Eg：This contract is made by and between the two parties. 双方签定本合同。 *​ 用or引导的选择性并列结构，是内容更严谨全面。 Eg：Any dispute arising from the execution of, or in connection with the agreement, shall be settled through friendly consultations between the two parties. *​  在本合同执行中引起的或与本合同有关的争议应有双方通过友好协商解决。 *​ 函电英语中常用的连用同义词还有： amendments to/or alterations of 修改 force and effect 效力 fulfill and provide履行 furnish and provide 提供 obligations and responsibilities 义务 make and enter into达成 1．2．2 句式结构 （3）状语位置独特 商务函电中，较长的状语经常出现在主谓语之间，一般文体的主谓语间不放长状语。 Eg：The Contractor shall, if called upon so to do, enter into and execute the Contract, to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer, in the form annexed to these conditions with such modification as may be necessary. 在被邀签约时，承包人应同意签订并履行合同，该合同是由业主按照本合同条件所附格式拟定，如有必要可对其进行修改。该合同的拟定和签订费用由业主承担。 商务函电的状语从句中，if，when，in case等连词与从句的主体之间可放谓语，一般文体的状语从句中则不可。 *​  Eg：If, after 30 days from the commencement of such informal consultations, the parties fail to resolve amicably a contract dispute, either party hereto may require that the dispute be submitted to arbitration for resolution. 在非正式协商开始30天后，如果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端，任何一方都可以要求将争端提交仲裁解决。 1．2．3 虚拟语气的运用 *​  英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气（the Indicative Mood），祈使语气（the Imperative Mood），虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）。 虚拟语气可表主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况，并可使语气委婉，谓语有should，would，could，might加动词原形构成。 Dear Mr. Smith, Thanks for your promptness in sending us the credit information we requested. We are glad to report that all of your credit references spoke favorably of you as a businessman. The new store which you are opening in Broadway should eventually prosper, since yours is a thriving community. But its location within 20 miles of New York forces you to compete with the larger stocks and lower prices of the metropolitan department stores, so readily accessible to commute from Broadway and similar communications. Because your resources do not indicate that you can meet such competition by staring with a large indebtedness, we must refuse your credit application. *​  We could suggest, therefore, that you cut your order to half and pay cash for it. This will entitle you to our 2 percent cash discount, a saving which you may pass on to your customers. By ordering frequently in small quantities, you can best meet the competition of the New York stores through keeping up-to-date on a sound basis that will entitle you to an excellent credit reputation. The enclosed duplicate of your order will assist you in making your selection. Just check the items you wish and sign the order. Your merchandise will arrive C.O.D. within two days after our receipt of the order – in plenty of time for your opening sale. Sincerely yours, *​  这封资信调查回复函使用了should, can(), must, would, will(), may()六个情态动词，准确表达了写信人的预测、能力、允诺等语气和态度，也表现出写信人的礼貌。其中共使用了11次情态动词，如此高的使用频率，说明情态动词在准确传达语气和写信人意图方面具有很重要的作用。 2 商务信函的翻译要点 *​  2．1 商务英语信函翻译的原则 *​  2．2 商务英语信函翻译的注 意事项 2．1 商务英语信函翻译的原则—准确规范，功能对等 准确不仅指用词用句和语言结构上的准确，还包括对信函内容的准确把握；规范指译文必须符合本行业的专业规范 （1）要准确理解各种术语、外来词汇、套语和习惯表达的专业含义和固定译 法，尽量保留原文风格，译成符合汉语商务语言规范的术语或套语。 The duplicate shipping documents including bill of loading, invoice, packing list and inspection certification were airmailed to you today. *​ 包括提单、发票、装相单和检验证书在内的装运单证副本今日已航邮贵处。 Please be informed that, on account of the fluctuations of foreign exchanges the quotation is subject to change without previous notice. *​ 兹告知贵方，由于外汇的波动，报价随时可能改变，不另行通知。 Full information as to prices, quality, quantity available and other relative particulars would be appreciated. 请详告价格、质量、可供数量和其他有关情况。 *​ We are looking forward to a favorable reply. *​ 静候贵方佳音。 *​ Would you let us know your terms of payment? 能否告知贵方付款条件？ *​ We should be grateful/pleased if you would give us further details of Chinese l