合同终止

Terminationofcontract 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 的终止Abreachofcontractiscommittedwhenapartywithoutlawfulexcusefailsorrefusestoperformwhatisduefromhimunderthecontract,orperformsdefectivelyorincapacitateshimselffromperforming.breachofcontractThedoctrineofcompensationThedoctrineoflimitationsondamagesGeneralprinciplesofremediesThedoctrineofexpectationinterest期待利益Thedoctrineofrelianceinterest信赖利益Thedoctrineofrestitutioninterest无偿得利DoctrineofcompensationBothpartiesatthetimeoftheconclusionofacontracthaveexpectationinterestoverthecontract,andtheinjuredpartyisentitledtohisexpectationinterestlostbythepartyinbreach.Courtsordinarilyprotecttheexpectationthattheinjuredpartyhadwhenmakingthecontractbyattemptingtoputtheinjuredpartyinasgoodapositionasthatpartywouldhavebeeninhadthecontractbeenperformed,thatis,hadtherebeennobreach.DoctrineofexpectationinterestWhenthedefendant’spromisetoperformhiscontractualobligations,theclaimanthasactedtohisdetrimentinenteringintothecontractandtheawardofdamagesshouldcompensatethedefendant.Toputtheclaimantinasgoodapositionashewasinbeforethedefendant’spromisewasmade.DoctrineofrelianceinterestAclaimantwhoclaimstheprotectionofhisrestitutioninterestdoesnotwishtobecompensatedforthelosswhichhehassuffered;rather,hewishestodeprivethedefendantofagainwhichhehasmadeattheclaimant’sexpense.Seeexampleonp.116DoctrineofrestitutioninterestNon-breachingpartyhasthedutytomitigatedamage.Damagesmustbeestablishedwithareasonabledegreeofcertainty.1Damagesmustbeeitherforeseeabletothebreachingpartyorwouldnaturallyflowfromthebreach.Hadleyv.Baxendale.Prutchv.FordMotorCompany.p117DoctrineoflimitationsondamagesSpecificperformanceAvoidancePricereductionRefusingearlydeliveryandexcessquantityBuyer’sremediesFailingtomakeanagreeddeliveryDeliveringgoodsthatdonotconformtothecontractIndicatinganintentionnottofulfilltheobligationsunderthecontract.Waysofbreachbytheseller:Acourtrequiresapartytothecontracttoperform,orcarryoutitspartofthebargain.Oftenusedwhenthesubjectmatterofthecontractisunique.SpecificperformanceIfthebreachismaterialorfundamental,thebuyerneednottakedeliverynorpayforthegoods,norfindabuyertotakethem.Abuyermaysimplycancelthecontractbynotifyingthesellerofavoidanceofthecontract,takecarethatthegoodsaretemporarilyprotectedandpreserved,andreturnthemforafullrefundofmoniesalreadypaid.AvoidanceUsedwhenthesellermakesonlyapartialshipment,orifthegoodsarenonconforming.PricereductionThebuyerisentitledtodothis.(reason?)Ifthebuyertakesdeliveryofallorpartoftheexcessquantity,hemustpayforitatthecontractrate.RefusingearlydeliveryandexcessquantityTocompelspecificperformanceToavoidthecontractforafundamentalbreachorfailuretocureadefectToobtainmissingspecificationsSeller’sremediesRemediesavailabletobothbuyersandsellersSuspensionofperformanceAvoidanceinanticipationofafundamentalbreachAvoidanceofaninstallmentcontractAvoidancedamagesdamagesTheusualremedygrantedbycommonlawcourtstobothbuyersandsellersisthelegalremedyofmoneydamages.PriceofSubstitutegoods-priceofcontractgoods=damageCurrentmarketprice-contractprice=damage中国《合同法》第一百一十二条　当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，在履行义务或者采取补救措施后，对方还有其他损失的，应当赔偿损失。第一百一十三条　当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定，给对方造成损失的，损失赔偿额应当相当于因违约所造成的损失，包括合同履行后可以获得的利益，但不得超过违反合同一方订立合同时预见到或者应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的损失。经营者对消费者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，依照《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》的规定承担损害赔偿责任。中国《合同法》第一百一十九条　当事人一方违约后，对方应当采取适当措施防止损失的扩大；没有采取适当措施致使损失扩大的，不得就扩大的损失要求赔偿。当事人因防止损失扩大而支出的合理费用，由违约方承担。AvoidanceofinstallmentcontractsIftherewasafundamentalbreachwithrespecttoaparticularinstallment,thentheotherpartymaydeclarethecontractavoidedwithrespecttothatinstallment.Ifthebreachofoneinstallmentgivesaparty“goodgrounds”tobelievethatafundamentalbreachoflaterinstallmentswilloccur,thenthoselaterinstallmentsmaybeanticipatoryavoided.Anticipatorybreachofcontract预期违约Onecontractingpartymayinformtheotherparty,beforethetimefixedforperformanceunderthecontract,thathewillnotperformhisobligationsunderthecontract.Acceptanceofthebreachentitlestheinnocentpartytoclaimdamagesatthedateoftheacceptanceofthebreach.Hochsterv.DeLaTourp128Exemptionofoneparty’sobligationincaseoftheotherparty’sfailureofperformance.Onepartyisentitledtorejectperformanceunlesstheotherpartyperformshisobligationsaccordingtothecontract.ExceptiononadimoleticontractusPICCArt.7.1.3.:“(1)wherethepartiesaretoperformsimultaneously,eitherpartymaywithholdperformanceuntilthefirstpartyhasperformed.(2)wherethepartiesaretoperformconsecutively,thepartythatistoperformlatermaywithholditsperformanceuntilthefirstpartyhasperformed.”Exceptiononadimoleticontractus第六十六条　当事人互负债务，没有先后履行顺序的，应当同时履行。一方在对方履行之前有权拒绝其履行要求。一方在对方履行债务不符合约定时，有权拒绝其相应的履行要求。第六十八条　应当先履行债务的当事人，有确切证据证明对方有下列情形之一的，可以中止履行：（一）经营状况严重恶化；（二）转移财产、抽逃资金，以逃避债务；（三）丧失商业信誉；（四）有丧失或者可能丧失履行债务能力的其他情形。当事人没有确切证据中止履行的，应当承担违约责任。第六十九条　当事人依照本法第六十八条的规定中止履行的，应当及时通知对方。对方提供适当担保时，应当恢复履行。中止履行后，对方在合理期限内未恢复履行能力并且未提供适当担保的，中止履行的一方可以解除合同。ChinesecontractlawAmountofmoneywhichshallbepayableintheeventofabreachofcontract.Eliminateuncertaintybecauseitenablesthepartiestoknowinadvancetheextentoftheirpetentialliabilityandtoplanaccordingly.Tofixthesumwhichistobepaidirrespectiveoftheactualdamagesufferedbyreasonofthebreach.Thesumstipulatedintheliquidateddamagesclauseisthesumrecoverable,eventhoughthatsumisgreaterorsmallerthanthelosswhichhasactuallybeensuffered.LiquidateddamagesPenaltyclauseaimstopunishthepartyinbreach,whileliquidateddamageistoprovideremedy.Apenaltyclauseisinvalidandunenforceable,whiletheotheroneisvalidandenforceable.Liquidateddamagev.penaltyItisthecourttodistinguishthetwokindsofclausesbyusingofconstructionrules:(1)ifthesumstipulatedforisextravagantandunconscionableinamountincomparisonwiththegreatestlossthatcouldconceivablybeproved;(2)ifthesumstipulatedisgreaterthanthesumoughttohavebeenpaid;(3)whenasinglelumpsumispayablebywayofcompensation,ontheoccurrenceofoneormoreorallofseveralevents,someofwhichmayoccasionseriousandothersbuttriflingdamage.ConstructionrulesCivillaw:Germanlaw:evenifcharacterizedbypunitiveroleisvalidandenforceable.PICC.Art.7.4.13:“(2)notwithstandinganyagreementtothecontrarythespecifiedsummaybereducedtoareasonableamountwhereitisgrosslyexcessiveinrelationtotheharmresltingfromthenon-performanceandtotheothercircumstances.”Liquidateddamages第一百一十四条　当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金，也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。约定的违约金低于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以增加；约定的违约金过分高于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以适当减少。当事人就迟延履行约定违约金的，违约方支付违约金后，还应当履行债务。ChinesecontractlawSeller’sobligaitonBuyer’sobligationObligationofthesellerandthebuyerDeliveryofgoodsTheturningoverofdocumentsTheseller’sassuranceofthequalityofgoodsTheseller’sassuranceoftheownershipofthegoodsSeller’sobligaitonDeliveryisvoluntarytransferofpossessionfromonepersontoanother.Itmaybeactualorconstructive.whenthegoodsarenotdelivered,butthemeansofobtainingpossessionofthegoodsisdelivered.DeliveryofgoodsCISG.Art.31,Art.33PlaceofdeliveryTimefordeliveryp142--143DeliveryofgoodsSaleofGoodsAct1973(Art.12--15)TheUCCCISGp143--145Theseller’sassuranceofthequalityofgoodsSGA:thegoodsarefree,andwillremainfreeuntillthetimewhenthepropertyistopass,fromanychargeorencumbrancenotdisclosedorknowntothebuyerbeforethecontractismade,andthebuyerwillenjoyquietpossessionofthegoods.CISG:freefrompatent,trademark,andcopyrightclaimsassertableunderthelawofthebuyer’s“placeofbusiness”ortheplacewherebothpartiesexpectthegoodstobeusedorresold.Theseller’sassuranceofownershipofthegoodsPaymentofthepriceTakingdeliveryBuyer’sobligationsSGA:buyer’sobligaitontoacceptthegoodsisintegratedwithhisrighttoexaminethegoods.PaymentofthepriceCISG.Art.60:tocooperatewiththesellertofacilitatethetransferandtoactuallytakeoverthegoods,ifthebuyerfailstocooperate,hewillberesponsibleforanyresultingcosts,andifhefailstotakedeliveryheassumestheriskforanydamagetothegoodsafterthattime.TheNaturalGasCase,p140--143TakingdeliverySGA:whobearstheriskofloss,whohastitletothegoods;UCCCISGPassingofriskCISGallowsthepartiestodecidethetimeofpassingofriskTheeffectofpassingofriskWherethegoodsneedtobemovedp.145Thepassingofriskofthegoodsintransitp.145Fundamentalbreachofcontract’seffectonthepassingofrisk1CISG第一百四十二条　标的物毁损、灭失的风险，在标的物交付之前由出卖人承担，交付之后由买受人承担，但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。第一百四十三条　因买受人的原因致使标的物不能按照约定的期限交付的，买受人应当自违反约定之日起承担标的物毁损、灭失的风险。第一百四十四条　出卖人出卖交由承运人运输的在途标的物，除当事人另有约定的以外，毁损、灭失的风险自合同成立时起由买受人承担。第一百四十五条　当事人没有约定交付地点或者约定不明确，依照本法第一百四十一条第二款第一项的规定标的物需要运输的，出卖人将标的物交付给第一承运人后，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担。Chinesecontractlaw第一百四十六条　出卖人按照约定或者依照本法第一百四十一条第二款第二项的规定将标的物置于交付地点，买受人违反约定没有收取的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险自违反约定之日起由买受人承担。第一百四十七条　出卖人按照约定未交付有关标的物的单证和资料的，不影响标的物毁损、灭失风险的转移。第一百四十八条　因标的物质量不符合质量要求，致使不能实现合同目的的，买受人可以拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同。买受人拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由出卖人承担。第一百四十九条　标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担的，不影响因出卖人履行债务不符合约定，买受人要求其承担违约责任的权利。ChinesecontractlawPassingofownershipofthecontractSGA:p147-1481.specificgoods2.unascertainedgoodsPassingofproperty第一百三十三条　标的物的所有权自标的物交付时起转移，但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。ChinesecontractlawCommonlaw:ImpossibilityofperformanceSuperveningillegalityFrustrationofpurposeCommercialimpracticabilityExcusesfornon-performance履行不能Acourtmayexcuseaparty’snonperformancewhereitbecomesobjectivelyimpossibleforittoperform.ThedeathofoneofthepartiesThedestructionofthespecificsubjectmatterofthecontractWhenperformanceofthecontracthasbeenrenderedillegalormadeimpossibleduetothefaultoftheotherparty.ImpossibilityofperformanceSuperveningillegalityAcontractbecomesimpossibletoperformandthepartiesexcusedwhenperformancebecomesillegal.Seeexampleonp.150FrustrationofpurposeAparty’sperformancecouldbeexcusedifsomeunforeseeneventoccurredthatfrustratedthepurposesofthecontract.Frustrationoccurswheneverthelawrecognizesthatwithoutdefaultofeitherparty,acontractualobligationhasbecomeincapableofbeingperformedbecausethecircumstancesinwhichperformanceiscalledforwouldrenderitathingradicallydifferentfromthatwhichwasundertakenbythecontract.Knellv.Henryp.150CommercialimpracticabilityAthingisimpossibleinlegalcontemplationwhenitisnotpracticable;andathingisimpracticablewhenitcanbedoneonlyatanexcessiveandunreasonablecost.Iftheeventwasforeseeable,thenon-performingpartywillnotbereleasedfromitsobligations.Seeexampleson:p152TransatlanticFinancingCorporationv.UnitedStatesp153PICC:p164CISG:p165Excusesfornon-performanceAforcemajeureclauseinacontractisanexculpatoryclause,itexcusesapartyfromfailingtoperformontheoccurrenceofaneventspecifiedintheclauseitself—aforcemajeure.Theseeventsmightincludewar,blockades,fire,actsofgovernments,inabilitytoobtainexportlicenses,actsofpublicenemies,failureoftransportation,quarantinerestrictions,strikesandothers.ForceMajeureclausesModelincommonlawcountries:p156RecommendedmodelsforChinesemerchantsinbook:p156ForceMajeureclauses谢谢观看/欢迎下载BYFAITHIMEANAVISIONOFGOODONECHERISHESANDTHEENTHUSIASMTHATPUSHESONETOSEEKITSFULFILLMENTREGARDLESSOFOBSTACLES.BYFAITHIBYFAITH