华南师范大学英语真题

2004年华南师范大学考博英语试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 II.VocabularyandStructure(15%)Directions:Beloweachsentence,therearefourwordsmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceorthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentenceWritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.21.Afterdoingherusualmorningchores,Elishafoundherself___tired.A.interestinglyB.surprisinglyC.erraticallyD.forcibly22.Workingfranticallyunderthepressureoftime,Edmondfailedtonoticehis___mistakes.A.stupidB.inevitableC.carelessD.redundant23.The___objectionsofthosewhoprotestedagainsttherulingfinallygotthemthrownoutofthestadium.A.viralB.vulnerableC.volubleD.vocal24.Inthefeudalsociety,landlordshadtherighttobeat,___orevenkilltalentsatwill.A.abaseB.abashC.abateD.abuse25.Allthecolleaguessaidthatthecapricesofthewillfulmanagerhadmadehima___person.A.candidB.captiousC.cannyD.coy26.Itwasallrightfortheschooladministrationnotto___tothestudents'demandofcancelingtheterminalexaminations.A.acceptB.accedeC.accessD.accessory27.In1921manypeoplediedinfamine---anextremescarcityor___offood.Thatwasreallyatragedy.A.deprivationB.exhaustionC.starvationD.dearth28.Theworldwillbeadvancingwithsuchgreatspeedthatour___willlookbackuponusandourtimewithasenseofsuperiority.A.antecedentsB.predecessorsC.descendantsD.contemporaries29.Beforetakingastandardizedtest,oneshould___himselforherselfwithalltheitemsthatconstitutethetestpaper.A.acquaintB.fascinateC.acquitD.familiar30.Tomisalwayslackofself-confidence.His___charactercausedhimtomissmanygoldenopportunities.A.diffidentB.ignorantC.proudD.conceited31.IthasbeenannouncedthatphysicistsfromdifferentcountrieswillgatherinNewYorkfora___nextmonth.A.symphonyB.symposiumC.symptomD.symmetry32.Manfred___withsurethatnineoutoftengentlemenwhodancedwiththischarmingyoungladywouldfallinlovewithher.A.alludeB.adduceC.averredD.advert33.Duringtheterroristattacks,theauthoritiesorderedto___theworkersandresidentsofhighprofilebuildingsfromtheconstructions.A.evictB.evokeC.evacuateD.evade34.Johnson'sbusinesssurvivedona___relationshipwithonlyafewcustomers.A.tentativeB.salientC.lucrativeD.insubstantial35.Afterhermarriage,thehappylife___herappearance,makingherlookmorebeautifulthanever.A.transfiguredB.disfiguredC.disheveledD.transformed36.AlthoughGuthmanwasa___ofseveralcampaigns,hehadneverseenactiononthefrontlines.A.veteranB.volunteerC.victimD.villain37.Thecheerful,livelymelodyofdancemusic___almostallthewearysoldiers.A.drainedB.divertedC.renewedD.revived38.FromWillink's___manner,peoplecantellthatheisofroyalbirth.A.boorishB.regalC.rudeD.vulgar39.Sinceitwashelduponlybyasinglesteelcable,thechairliftwas___tocarryonlytwopeopleA.instructedB.obligedC.intendedD.appointed40.130yearslater,thissinglewallstillstandshereinmute___totheRevolutionofParisCommunein1873.A.testimonyB.memoryC.tributeD.evidence41.FromhiswordsIsupposedthathewasextremelydelightedatyourinvitation.a#]B!4LA.apprehendedB.concededC.envisionD.surmised42.Asisreported,overseventycivilianslosttheirlivesinthefollowingexplosion.A.ensuingB.engrossingC.enduringD.entangling43.Afterlivinginthesamedormitoryforhalfayear,JanerealizedthatMary'soversen-sitivitywasnotacquiredbutinherent.A.insipidB.inordinateC.innateD.insane;44.Asahighlyintelligentperson,thediplomathadnodifficultysearchingfortherightwordstoretort.A.askingB.gropingC.findingD.grouching45.Theserviceatthisrestaurantwassoslowthatwhenthedisheswerefinallyservedwewereextremelyhungry.A.ruthlessB.ravenousC.rashD.reckless46.Heismydevotedfriend,soI___tellhimthetruth.A.cannothelpB.cannotbutC.maynothelpD.couldbut47.Noadministratororsupervisorcanenteraclassroomunless___bytheteacher.A.theyareinvitedB.heisinvitedC.invitingD.havingbeinginvited48.I'djustassoonhe___thepartyyesterday;hemadeamessofit.A.didn'tattendB.attendedC.hadattendedD.hadn'tattended49.___acertaindoubtamongthestudentsastothenecessityofanoralEnglishtestattheendoftheterm.A.ItisexistedB.TherehavingexistedC.ThereexistsD.Therehavingbeen50.___JennylivesnextdoortoRobert,sheoughttoknowhim.A.IfB.SeeingthatC.AlthoughD.JustasIII.ErrorDetection(5%)Directions:TherearefourunderlinedwordsorpartsmarkedA,B,CandDineachofthefollowingsentences.Choosetheonethatyouthinkincorrect,andwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.51.LearningaforeignLanguageisespeciallydifficultforthosewhohadneverlearnedone52.Themainstreamofariverfrequentlyisdividingintotwoormorebranchesnearitsmouth.53.ForactivatingthefossilizationinEnglishlearning,Ipracticereading,listening,speakingandwritingasregularlyaspossible54.LittleJimmywasconstantlybeingtoldnottoscratchthepaintoffthebedroomwall,buthewentontodoitallthesame.55.It'sasimplemattertohavefoundthedensityofagasfromitsformula.56.Uponquestioningthesuspectdeniedhavingstolendiamondsfromthejewelryshop.,57.Someoftheresearchexperimentstodescribeinthetextbookareeasytocarryout.58.Quantumphysicsliesataheartofthephysicalsciences.59.Despitetheirlength,thehorse'sneckhasthesamenumberofvertebraeasahumanbeing's.60.Nightfallsmorefasterinthetropicsthaninotherlatitudes.IV.ReadingComprehension(25%)Directions:Readthefollowingfivepassagescarefully,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionfromthefourchoicesgiven,andthenwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.PassageOneInJapan,somepeopleplaygolfonweekendsandsomeformlonglinesintheGinzadistricttowatchfirst-runforeignfilms.Aknowingfewgotothebarbershop.AtriptoaJapanesebarbershopisanodysseyintothecountry'seconomicmiracle,aglimpseatthesameattentiontodetailthathasmade"JapanInc."theenvyofthecapitalistworld.Itismorethansimplygettingahaircut.CustomersgotoescapethehustleandbustleofTokyo'sfreneticpace.Theygotocomplainaboutlocalpoliticsandcatchuponthelatestneighborhoodscuttlebutt.Butmostofall,theygotobecrankeduphighinthebarber'schair,toassumeforatlestonepreciousmoment–regardlessoftheirwalkoflife---thathonorificstatureuniquelyreveredinJapan:thatofokyakusama,orcustomer.Sogoingtothebarbershophereisanouting.Theobjectisnottogetitoverwithasquicklyaspossible,American-style,buttoprolongthetreatmentandbaskinitssensualpleasures.NooneunderstandsthisbetterthanTanaka-san,whorunsastate-of-the-artbarbershopjustupthestreetfromwhereIlive,intheMinamiAzabudistrict.LikemuchelseinJapan,Mr.Tankaka'sshophasonlyrecentlygoneupscale.Lastyear,hesoldhissmall,oldshop,locatedafewblocksfromthenewone,foracool$15.3million.WithtypicalJapaneseforesightforinvestingforthelongpull,Mr.Tanakaplowedtheproceedsintohisspankingnewpremises.Mr.Tanaka,54,hasbeeninthebarberingbusinessfor38years.Backin1950,hechargedonly35yen---notmuchcomparedwiththe3,200yenhereceivestodayforacutandshampoo.Attoday'sexchangerates,$22forahaircutmightseemexpensive,butIthinkit'soneofthebestdealsintown.YoualwayshavetowaitinlineatMr.Tanaka'sshop:Hedoesn'ttakereservationsbecausehedoesn'tneedto.Butwhenyourtimecomes,Mr.Tanakadirectsyoutotheseatofhonor.Soonhiswifeisfeverishlyshampooingyourhair,massagingyourscalpwithaspecialbrush.Whileshescrubs,Mr.Tanakaisbusyatthenextchair,applyingthefinishingsnipsandsnapstoanotherclient.Thistag-teamapproachkeepstheshoprunningatfullcapacity.Mr.Tanakatypicallyspendsabout45minutescuttingyourhair,scrutinizingthesymmetryofthesideburnswiththeutmostcare.Hiscuttingskillsaresuperb,butitisinconversationthathetrulyexcels.Heknowswhentotalk,whentolistenandwhentoutterthedrawn-outgutturalgruntofapprovalsocommoninJapanese.TheseinsightfulyetsubtledialogueswithhisclientscreatethecornerstoneofMr.Tanaka'sthrivingbusiness:therepeatcustomer,everyretailer'sdream.Fortherareclientnot"hooked"bypleasantconversation,Mrs.Tanaka'sshavingtechnique,withastraight-edgedrazor,istheshowstopper.First,sheplacesahottoweloveryourface,thenwipesyourfacewithmoisturizingoil.Sheappliesanotherhottoweltoremovetheoilandlathersyouupwithwarmshavingcream.Finally,shemethodicallyspendsfifteenminutesshavingoffeverylastwhisker---includinganystrayhairsthatmighthavefoundtheirwaytoyourforeheadorearlobes.Theoilandhot-towelprocedureisrepeatedandtherecliningcustomerisgentlycoaxedintoreturningtoearth.ForeignbusinessmentryingtofigureourwhatmakesJapan'seconomysosuccessfulmightdowelltovisitaJapanesebarbershop.Impeccableserviceisn'textrahere,it'sincludedthepriceofadmission.61.Anattentiontodetailhasmade"JapanInc."A.agoodplacefortouristsB.alandofmanybarbershopsC.aprosperouseconomicpowerD.afamousresort62.InJapanesebarbershops,barbersA.rushcustomersout6B.nevertalkaboutpoliticsC.talkwithcustomersandworkleisurelyD.areratherimpatientwithcustomers63.RelaxationandsensualpleasureareA.admittedgoalsofcustomershwoB.notpossibleinthebusyatmosphereC.notappreciatedbyhurriedcustomersD.notavailabletocustomers64.BecauseMr.Tanaka'sshopisspopular,A.reservationsarerequiredB.peoplewaitinlineC.heisopeninganothernewstoreD.hebecomesfamousforthat65.NotonlyisMr.Tanakaagoodbarber,butheisalsoA.skilledatconversationB.anexpertinshavingtechniquesC.alocalpoliticianD.apsychologistPassageTwoMincervawasthegoddessofwisdom,butononeoccasionshedidaveryfoolishthing;sheenteredintocompetitionwithJunoandVenusfortheprizeofbeauty.Ithappenedthus:AtthenuptialsofPeleusandTheetisallthegodswereinvitedwiththeexceptionofEris,orDiscord.Enragedatherexclusion,thegoddessthrewagoldenappleamongtheguests,withtheinscription(题词),"Forthefairest."ThereuponJuno,Venus,andMinervaeachclaimedtheapple.Jupiter,notwillingtodecideinsodelicateamatter,sentthegoddessestoMountIda,wherethebeautifulshepherdPariswastendinghisflocks,andtohimwascommittedthedecision.Thegoddessesaccordinglyappearedbeforehim.Junopromisedhimpowerandriches,Minervagloryandrenowninwar,andVenusthefairestofwomenhiswife,eachattemptingtobiashisdecisioninherownfavor.ParisdecidedinfavourofVenusandgaveherthegoldenapple,thusmakingthetwoothergoddesseshisenemies.UndertheprotectionofVenus,ParissailedtoGreece,andwashospitablyreceivedbyMenelaus.kingofSparta.NowHelen,thewifeofMenelaus,wastheverywomanwhomVenushaddestinedforParis,thefairestofhersex.Shehadbeensoughtasabridebynumeroussuitors,andbeforeherdecisionwasmadeknown,theyall,atthesuggestionofUlysses,oneoftheirnumber,tookanoaththattheywoulddefendherfromallinjuryandavengehercauseifnecessary.ShechoseMenelaus,andwaslivingwithhimhappilywhenParisbecametheirguest.ParisaidedbyVenus,persuadedhertoelope（私奔）withhim,andcarriedhertoTroy,whencearosethefamousTrojanwar,thethemeofthegreatestpoemsofantiquity,thoseofHomerandVirgil.Menelauscalleduponhisbrotherchieftains（首领）ofGreecetofulfilltheirpledge,andjoinhiminhiseffortstorecoverhiswife.Theygenerallycameforward,butUlysses,whohadmarriedPenelope,andwasveryhappyinhiswifeandchild,hadnodispositiontoembarkinsuchatroublesomeaffair.HethereforehungbackandPalamedeswassenttourgehim.WhenPalamedesarrivedatIthacaUlyssespretendedtobemad.Heyoked（用牛轭套住）anassandanoxtogethertotheploughandbegantosowsalt.Palamedes,totryhim,placedtheinfantTelemachusbeforetheplough,whereuponthefatherturnedtheploughaside,showingplainlythathewasnomadman,andafterthatcouldnolongerrefusetofulfillhispromise.Beingnowhimselfgainedfortheundertaking,helenthisaidtobringinotherreluctantchiefs,especiallyAchilles.ThisherowasthesonofthatThetisatwhosemarriagetheappleofDiscordhadbeenthrownamongthegoddesses.Thetiswasherselfoneoftheimmortals,asea-nymph(海仙女),andknowingthathersonwasfatedtoperishbeforeTroyifhewentontheexpedition,sheendeavouredtopreventhisgoing.ShesenthimawaytothecourtofKingLycomedes,andinducedhimtoconcealhimselfinthedisguiseofamaidenamongthedaughtersoftheking.Ulysses,hearinghewasthere,wentdisguisedasamerchanttothepalaceandofferedforsalefemaleornaments,amongwhichhehadplacedsomearms.Whiletheking'sdaughterswereengrossedwiththeothercontentsofthemerchant'spack,AchilleshandledtheweaponsandtherebybetrayedhimselftothekeeneyeofUlysses,whofoundnogreatdifficultyinpersuadinghimtodisregardhismother'sprudentcounselsandjoinhiscountrymeninthewar.66.BulfinchdescribesJupiterasunwillingto“decideinsodelicateamatter”(lines6),implyingthatA.Jupiterisusuallyheavy-handedB.anydecisionisboundtooffendsomeoneC.Jupitertooverlysensitive.D.theproblemsaresoobscurethatnoonecanjudgethem67.Theworddisposition(line22)isusedtomeanA.inclinationB.natureC.integrityD.value68.ThesowingofsaltisusedbyBulfinchtoshowA.Ulysses'sattempttobefoundinsaneB.thedifficultyofcultivatinginrockysoilC.howthetearsofthegodscreatedtheseaD.thegod'spunishmentofthosewhodisobeythem69.BulfinchrevealsthatThetisisasea-nymphyinordertoexplainA.whyshemarriedPeleusB.whyshedislikestheideaofwarC.theeffectoftheappleofDiscordD.herabilitytopredictthefuture70..AmongthechieftainsofGreeceapparentlyareA.Juno,Venus,andMinervaB.ParisandLycomedesC.Ulysses,Achilles,andMenelausD.ErisandThetisPassageThreeOnthewhole,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationhasalwaystreatedMarswithrespect.Americanspacecrafthaveflownby,orbitedandevenlandedontheRedPlanet.Whatthey'veneverdoneiswoundit.IfscientistseverhopetounderstandMarsfully,however,theyaregoingtohavetopuncturethedryMartiancrusttosampletheplanetarypulpbelow.NextweekNASAwilllaunchashipthatwillbeginthatprocess.Thefirstshipofthetwo-spacecraftmission---settoflyDec.10---istheMarsClimateOrbiter.ArrivinginSeptember1999,thespacecraftwillenteranorbitoftheplanetthattracesapathovertheMartianpoles,allowingittostudythelocalatmosphere.Itsorbitwillpositionitperfectlytoactasarelaysatelliteforanylatershipthatmaylandonthesurface.That’sagoodthing,sincethreeweeksorsoaftertheorbiterleavesEarth,NASwilllaunchanotherspacecraft,themoreambitiousMarsPolarLander.Aspindlymachinestanding107cmtall,thelanderissettoarriveinDecember1999,aimingtotouchdownnearMars’southpole,oneofthefewsportsonthefreeze-driedplanetthatislikelytocontainsomewater.JustbeforereachingtheMartianatmosphere,thelanderwillreleaseapairsoftaperedpods(锥形分离舱),eachaboutthesizeofabasketball,madeofbrittlesilica.Plungingaheadoftheship,theprojectileswillfree-falltothesurfaceandstrikethegroundat650km/h.Thepodsaredesignedtoshatteronimpact,releasingapairof18-cmprobes.Slammingintothesurface,theprobesaresupposedtodrivethemselves120cmintotheMartiancrust.Onceburied,theywilldeploytinydrillsandbeginsamplingthechemicalmakeupofthesoilaroundthem.Scientistsbelievethatchemistrycouldberemarkablyrich."ThesurfaceofMarshasbeenprettywellsterilized(消毒)byultravioletradiation,"saysSamThurman,themissionsflight-operationsmanager.Onlyminutesaftertheprobeshittheground,thelanderwillfollow,descendingbyparachuteandbrakingengine.Bristlingwithcamerasandsensors,itwillstudyMars'terrainandweather,snappingpicturesbothduringitsdescentandonthesurface.ItwillalsocarryamicrophonetorecordforthefirsttimethesoundoftheMartainwind.Moreimportant,theshipwillbeequippedwitharoboticarmandscoop,muchlikethearmscarriedaboardtheVikinglandersinthe1970s.UnliketheVikings,though,whichwereabletopawjustafewfeeblecmintotheMartiantopsoil,thenewshipwilldigoutatrenchnearly90cmdeep.Howlongallthisotherworldlyhardwarewilloperateisuncertain.Theprobes,poweredbybatteries,shouldwinkoutwithinthreedays.Thelander,withrobustsolarpanelstokeepithumming,couldlastthreemonths.Butevenifthesystemsdonotsurvivethatlong,theirworkcouldbeprofound.Afterall,scientistshavespentyearsstudyingjusttheMartianskin;thiswillbetheirfirstchancetodigalittledeeper.71.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat,inordertohaveathoroughknowledgeofMars,weneed___.A.totreatMarswithmorerespectthaneverB.tohavemorespacecraftorbittheRedPlanetC.toprotecttheRedPlanetmorecarefullyandnottowounditD.topenetratethecrustoftheRedPlanettotakeMartiansamples72.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ThespacecraftthatistoarriveinSeptember1999containsapairoftaperedpods.B.MarsPolarLanderwillcarryoutmoreimportantmissionsthanMarsClimateOrbiter.C.ThedifferencebetweenVikinglandersandMarsPolarLanderisthattheformerwasunabletolandonMars.D.ThemissionofMarsClimateOrbiteristostudythelocalatmosphereandMarsterrain,snappingpicturesbothduringitsdescentandonthesurface.73.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto___.A.stresstheimportanceofexploringMarsB.outlinethegeneralfeaturesofMarsC.describeindetailthewayoflandingofMarsPolarLanderD.introducethemissionofthetwospacecraftwhichareduetolaunchin1999.74.Welearnfromthepassagethat___.A.MarsClimateOrbiterwillserveasaspacebaseforanylatershipthatmaylandonthesurfaceofMarsB.Mars'southpoleismorelikelytocontainlifebecauseitcontainswater?C.MarsPolarLanderwillstrikethesurfaceofMarsat650km/hD.thechemicalmakeupofthesoilonthesurfaceofMarswillbesimilartothatoftheearth75.Fromthecontext,wecaninferthemeaningof"bristling"(line2,para.4)maybe___.A.abundantinB.sendingoutC.reactingD.takingupPassageFourAnoutsiderapproachesthesubjectlively,lestcivic(市民的；城市的)feelingsbebruised.LosAngelesgivestheimpressionofhavingerasedmuchofitshistorybyallowingthecity'sdevelopmenttorununchecked.InsiderslikeDoloresHayden...pullnopunches:"Itis...common,"shewrote,"forfondresidentstoquoteGertrudeStein'ssentenceaboutOaklandwhensummingupurbandesigninLosAngeles:"There'snothere,there.'"HaydenhasalsoacknowledgedthatLosAnglesisgenerally"thefirst(Americancity)singledoutashavingaproblemaboutsenseofplace."Bothstatementscomefromahandsomebrochure-cum-itinerary,drawnupbyHayden,GailDubrow,andCarolynFlynntointroduceThePowerofPlace,alocalnonprofitgroupwithamissiontoretrievesomeofthecity'smisplaced"there.FoundedbyHaydenin1982,ThePowerofPlacelaysspecialemphasisonredressinganimbalanceinmemory---andmemorials.AsHaydenhaspointedout,in1987lessthanhalfthepopulationofLosAngeleswasAnglo-American;yetalmost98percentofthecity'sculturalhistoriclandmarksweredevotedtothehistoryandaccomplishmentsofAnglo-Americans.Eventhesepersonages(名人，要人)comefromanarrowspectrumofachievers---inHayden'sphrase,"asmallminorityoflandholders,bankers,businessleaders,andtheirarchitects"----almostallofwhomweremale..Thelikeliestexplanationforthisunder-representationmaybeanurbanvariationonthegreat-mantheoryofhistory:Historyiswhatpublicfiguresdo,andbytheircivicmonumentsshallyouknowthem---especiallythestructurestheydesignedorbuilt.InHayden'sview,however,"ThetaskofchoosingapastforLosAngelesisapoliticalaswellashistoricandculturalone,"andtheunexaminedpreferenceforarchitectureasthefocusofhistoricpreservationeffortscanslightlessconsciousbutperhapsequallypowerfulhumanforces.Hayden'sgoalhasbeentosupplementthecity'samplesupplyofmono-culturallandmarksandmemorialswithothersrepresentingitsethnicandgender-baseddiversity.Accordingly,somesitesneednewstatusasofficialland-marks,othersneedreinterpretation.Othersitesnolongercontainstructuresemblematic(作为标志的)oftheirhistoriesorarelocatedinblightedneighborhoods;thesedonotreadilylendthemselvestoresuscitation(复兴)throughrenovationandcommercialdevelopment,aspreservationistshavemanagedelsewhere.ThePowerofPlacehasidentifiednineplacesonwhichtoconcentrateinthefirstphaseofitswork:developmentofawalkingtouroflittle-knownLosAngelessites,forwhichThePowerofPlacebrochureservesasaguide.ThePowerofPlacebrochureconcludesitssummaryofwhatisknownabouteachstoponthewalkingtourwithapostscript（附言）calledPlacemaking,whichdescribesthesite'scurrentstatusandsuggestswaystomakeitmoresmellingofitspast.Forthevineyard/grovecomplex,thecurrentsituationisnotunusual:"Presentuses...arecommercialandindustrial."Thencomeswordofwhatseemstobeaminormiracle:"Onetallslendergrapefruitfree...hasbeenpreservedandrelocatedinthecourtyardoftheJapaneseAmericanCulturalandCommunityCenter..."SuggestionsforrecapturingmoreofthepastproposedbyThePowerofPlaceincludereturningorangetreestotheWolfskillsiteandinstallinghistoricalmarketsontheVignessite.76.Theauthorusesthephrase"civicfeelings"(line1)tomeantheA.loyaltyorfaithofacity'sresidentstotheircityB.emotionsthatbreedcourtesyandgoodbehaviorC.respectforeachothershownbypeoplewhothinkofthemselvesascivilizedD.defensivenessthatcityresidentssometimes.77.WhatisthedangerofallowingthedevelopmentofLosAngelesto"rununchecked"?(line3)A.Theroadwayswillbecomeoverrunwithtraffic.B.Developerswilluseupallsuitablefarmingland.C.Smogwillbecomeanevenbiggerenvironmentalconcern.?D.Muchofthecity'sculturalhistorywillbelosttomodernization.78.Withwhichofthefollowingstatement