民航ICAO附件14II(英文)

INTERNATIONALSTANDARDSANDRECOMMENDEDPRACTICESAERODROMESANNEX14TOTHECONVENTIONONINTERNATIONALCIVILAVIATIONVOLUMEIIHELIPORTSSECONDEDITION—JULY1995ThiseditionincorporatesallamendmentstoAnnex14,VolumeII,adoptedbytheCouncilpriorto14March1995andsupersedeson9November1995allpreviouseditionsofAnnex14,VolumeII.ForinformationregardingtheapplicabilityoftheStandardsandRecommendedPractices,seeForewordandtherelevantclausesineachChapterINTERNATIONALCIVILAVIATIONORGANIZATIONAMENDMENTSTheissueofamendmentsisannouncedregularlyintheICAOJournalandinthemonthlySupplementtotheCatalogueofICAOPublicationsandAudio-visualTrainingAids,whichholdersofthispublicationshouldconsult.Thespacebelowisprovidedtokeeparecordofsuchamendments.RECORDOFAMENDMENTSANDCORRIGENDAAMENDMENTSCORRIGENDANo.DateapplicableDateenteredEnteredbyNo.DateofissueDateenteredEnteredby1Incorporatedinthisedition20/10/9526/11/979/11/95(ii)TABLEOFCONTENTSPagePageAbbreviationsandsymbols;manuals...............(v)FOREWORD.................................(vii)CHAPTER1.General.........................11.1Definitions.............................11.2Applicability............................2CHAPTER2.Heliportdata.....................32.1Aeronauticaldata........................32.2Heliportreferencepoint...................32.3Heliportelevation........................42.4Heliportdimensionsandrelatedinformation..42.5Declareddistances.......................42.6Co-ordinationbetweenaeronauticalinformationservicesandheliportauthorities..4CHAPTER3.Physicalcharacteristics............53.1Surface-levelheliports....................5—Finalapproachandtake-offareas........5—Helicopterclearways...................5—Touchdownandlift-offareas............5—Safetyareas..........................6—Helicoptergroundtaxiways.............6—Airtaxiways.........................7—Airtransitroute.......................7—Aprons..............................7—Locationofafinalapproachandtake-offareainrelationtoarunwayortaxiway....83.2Elevatedheliports........................8—Finalapproachandtake-offareaandtouchdownandlift-offarea.............8—Safetyarea...........................83.3Helidecks..............................9—Finalapproachandtake-offareaandtouchdownandlift-offarea.............93.4Shipboardheliports......................9—Finalapproachandtake-offareaandtouchdownandlift-offarea.............9CHAPTER4.Obstaclerestrictionandremoval.....104.1Obstaclelimitationsurfacesandsectors......10—Approachsurface......................10—Transitionalsurface....................10—Innerhorizontalsurface.................11—Conicalsurface.......................11—Take-offclimbsurface..................11—Obstacle-freesector/surface—helidecks...12—Limitedobstaclesurface—helidecks.....124.2Obstaclelimitationrequirements............12—Surfacelevelheliports..................12—Elevatedheliports.....................13—Helidecks............................13—Shipboardheliports....................13CHAPTER5.Visualaids.......................305.1Indicators...............................305.1.1Winddirectionindicators............305.2Markingsandmarkers....................305.2.1Winchingareamarking.............305.2.2Heliportidentificationmarking.......305.2.3Maximumallowablemassmarking....315.2.4Finalapproachandtake-offareamarkingormarker.................325.2.5Finalapproachandtake-offareadesignationmarking................325.2.6Aimingpointmarking..............325.2.7Touchdownandlift-offareamarking..345.2.8Touchdownmarking...............355.2.9Heliportnamemarking.............355.2.10Helideckobstacle-freesectormarking.355.2.11Markingfortaxiways...............355.2.12Airtaxiwaymarkers................365.2.13Airtransitroutemarkers............365.3Lights..................................385.3.1General..........................385.3.2Heliportbeacon...................385.3.3Approachlightingsystem...........395.3.4Visualalignmentguidancesystem....395.3.5Visualapproachslopeindicator.......425.3.6Finalapproachandtake-offarealights.455.3.7Aimingpointlights................465.3.8Touchdownandlift-offarealightingsystem....................465.3.9Winchingareafloodlighting.........47ANNEX14—VOLUMEII(iii)9/11/956/11/7No.2Annex14—AerodromesVolumeIIPagePage5.3.10Taxiwaylights....................475.3.11Visualaidsfordenotingobstacles....475.3.12Floodlightingofobstacles...........47CHAPTER6.Heliportservices..................496.1Rescueandfirefighting...................49—General.............................49—Levelofprotectiontobeprovided........49—Extinguishingagents...................49—Rescueequipment.....................50—Responsetime........................50APPENDIX1.Aeronauticaldataqualityrequirements............................519/11/95(iv)6/1/7No.2ANNEX14—VOLUMEII(v)9/11/95ABBREVIATIONSANDSYMBOLS(usedinAnnex14,VolumeII)AbbreviationsAbbreviationscdCandelacmCentimeterDHelicopterlargestover-alldimensionFATOFinalapproachandtake-offareaftFootHAPIHelicopterapproachpathindicatorHzHertzIMCInstrumentmeteorologicalconditionskgKilogramkm/hKilometreperhourktKnotLLitreLDAHLandingdistanceavailableL/minLitreperminutemMetreRDDiameterofthelargestrotorRTODAHRejectedtake-offdistanceavailablesSecondTLOFTouchdownandlift-offareaTODAHTake-offdistanceavailableVMCVisualmeteorologicalconditionsSymbols°Degree=Equals%Percentage±PlusorminusMANUALS(relatedtothespecificationsofthisAnnex)AerodromeDesignManual(Doc9157)Part1—RunwaysPart2—Taxiways,ApronsandHoldingBaysPart3—PavementsPart4—VisualAidsPart5—ElectricalSystemsAirportPlanningManual(Doc9184)Part1—MasterPlanningPart2—LandUseandEnvironmentalControlPart3—GuidelinesforConsultant/ConstructionServicesAirportServicesManual(Doc9137)Part1—RescueandFireFightingPart2—PavementSurfaceConditionsPart3—BirdControlandReductionPart4—FogDispersal(withdrawn)Part5—RemovalofDisabledAircraftPart6—ControlofObstaclesPart7—AirportEmergencyPlanningPart8—AirportOperationalServicesPart9—AirportMaintenancePracticesHeliportManual(Doc9261)StolportManual(Doc9150)ManualontheICAOBirdStrikeInformationSystem(IBIS)(Doc9332)ManualofSurfaceMovementGuidanceandControlSystems(SMGCS)(Doc9476)FOREWORDHistoricalbackgroundStandardsandRecommendedPracticesforaerodromeswerefirstadoptedbytheCouncilon29May1951pursuanttotheprovisionsofArticle37oftheConventiononInternationalCivilAviation(Chicago1944)anddesignatedasAnnex14totheConvention.ThedocumentcontainingtheseStandardsandRecommendedPracticesisnowdesignatedasAnnex14,VolumeItotheConvention.Ingeneral,VolumeIaddressesplanning,designandoperationsofaerodromesbutisnotspecificallyapplicabletoheliports.Therefore,VolumeIIisbeingintroducedasameansofincludingprovisionsforheliports.ProposalsforcomprehensiveStandardsandRecommendedPracticescoveringallaspectsofheliportplanning,designandoperationshavebeendevelopedwiththeassistanceoftheANCVisualAidsPanelandtheANCHelicopterOperationsPanel.TableAshowstheoriginoftheprovisionsinthisvolume,togetherwithalistoftheprincipalsubjectsinvolvedandthedatesonwhichtheAnnexwasadoptedbytheCouncil,whenitbecameeffectiveandwhenitbecameapplicable.ActionbyContractingStatesNotificationofdifferences.TheattentionofContractingStatesisdrawntotheobligationimposedbyArticle38oftheConventionbywhichContractingStatesarerequiredtonotifytheOrganizationofanydifferencesbetweentheirnationalregulationsandpracticesandtheInternationalStandardscontainedinthisAnnexandanyamendmentsthereto.ContractingStatesareinvitedtoextendsuchnotificationtoanydifferencesfromRecommendedPracticescontainedinthisAnnexandanyamendmentsthereto,whenthenotificationofsuchdifferencesisimportantforthesafetyofairnavigation.Further,ContractingStatesareinvitedtokeeptheOrganizationcurrentlyinformedofanydifferenceswhichmaysubsequentlyoccur,orofthewithdrawalofanydifferencespreviouslynotified.AspecifiedrequestfornotificationofdifferenceswillbesenttoContractingStatesimmediatelyaftertheadoptionofeachamendmenttothisAnnex.TheattentionofStatesisalsodrawntotheprovisionsofAnnex15relatedtothepublicationofdifferencesbetweentheirnationalregulationsandpracticesandtherelatedICAOStandardsandRecommendedPracticesthroughtheAero-nauticalInformationService,inadditiontotheobligationofStatesunderArticle38oftheConvention.Promulgationofinformation.Theestablishmentandwithdrawalofandchangestofacilities,servicesandpro-ceduresaffectingaircraftoperationsprovidedinaccordancewiththeStandardsandRecommendedPracticesspecifiedinthisAnnexshouldbenotifiedandtakeeffectinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofAnnex15.StatusofAnnexcomponentsAnAnnexismadeupofthefollowingcomponentparts,notallofwhich,however,arenecessarilyfoundineveryAnnex;theyhavethestatusindicated:1.—MaterialcomprisingtheAnnexproper:a)StandardsandRecommendedPracticesadoptedbytheCouncilundertheprovisionsoftheConvention.Theyaredefinedasfollows:Standard:Anyspecificationforphysicalcharacteristics,configuration,matériel,performance,personnelorprocedure,theuniformapplicationofwhichisrecognizedasnecessaryforthesafetyorregularityofinternationalairnavigationandtowhichContractingStateswillconforminaccordancewiththeConvention;intheeventofimpossibilityofcompliance,notificationtotheCounciliscompulsoryunderArticle38.RecommendedPractice:Anyspecificationforphysicalcharacteristics,configuration,matériel,performance,personnelorprocedure,theuniformapplicationofwhichisrecognizedasdesirableintheinterestofsafety,regularityorefficiencyofinter-nationalairnavigation,andtowhichContractingStateswillendeavourtoconforminaccordancewiththeConvention.b)AppendicescomprisingmaterialgroupedseparatelyforconveniencebutformingpartoftheStandardsandRecommendedPracticesadoptedbytheCouncil.c)DefinitionsoftermsusedintheStandardsandRecommendedPracticeswhicharenotself-ANNEX14—VOLUMEII(vii)9/11/95Annex14—AerodromesVolumeIIexplanatoryinthattheydonothaveaccepteddictionarymeanings.AdefinitiondoesnothaveindependentstatusbutisanessentialpartofeachStandardandRecommendedPracticeinwhichthetermisused,sinceachangeinthemeaningofthetermwouldaffectthespecifications.d)TablesandFigureswhichaddtoorillustrateaStandardorRecommendedPracticeandwhicharereferredtotherein,formpartoftheassociatedStandardorRecommendedPracticeandhavethesamestatus.2.—MaterialapprovedbytheCouncilforpublicationinassociationwiththeStandardsandRecommendedPractices:a)ForewordscomprisinghistoricalandexplanatorymaterialbasedontheactionoftheCouncilandincludinganexplanationoftheobligationsofStateswithregardtotheapplicationoftheStandardsandRecommendedPracticesensuingfromtheConventionandtheResolutionofAdoption.b)Introductionscomprisingexplanatorymaterialintroducedatthebeginningofparts,chaptersorsectionsoftheAnnextoassistintheunderstandingoftheapplicationofthetext.c)Notesincludedinthetext,whereappropriate,togivefactualinformationorreferencesbearingontheStandardsorRecommendedPracticesinquestion,butnotconstitutingpartoftheStandardsorRecommendedPractices.d)AttachmentscomprisingmaterialsupplementarytotheStandardsandRecommendedPractices,orincludedasaguidetotheirapplication.SelectionoflanguageThisAnnexhasbeenadoptedinfourlanguages—English,French,RussianandSpanish.EachContractingStateisrequestedtoselectoneofthosetextsforthepurposeofnationalimplementationandforothereffectsprovidedforintheConvention,eitherthroughdirectuseorthroughtranslationintoitsownnationallanguage,andtonotifytheOrganizationaccordingly.EditorialpracticesThefollowingpracticehasbeenadheredtoinordertoindicateataglancethestatusofeachstatement:Standardshavebeenprintedinlightfaceroman;RecommendedPracticeshavebeenprintedinlightfaceitalics,thestatusbeingindicatedbytheprefixRecommendation;Noteshavebeenprintedinlightfaceitalics,thestatusbeingindicatedbytheprefixNote.Thefollowingeditorialpracticehasbeenfollowedinthewritingofspecifications:forStandardstheoperativeverb“shall”isused,andforRecommendedPracticestheoperativeverb“should’’isused.TheunitsofmeasurementusedinthisdocumentareinaccordancewiththeInternationalSystemofUnits(SI)asspecifiedinAnnex5totheConventiononInternationalCivilAviation.WhereAnnex5permitstheuseofnon-SIalternativeunitstheseareshowninparenthesesfollowingthebasicunits.Wheretwosetsofunitsarequoteditmustnotbeassumedthatthepairsofvaluesareequalandinterchangeable.Itmay,however,beinferredthatanequivalentlevelofsafetyisachievedwheneithersetofunitsisusedexclusively.Anyreferencetoaportionofthisdocument,whichisidentifiedbyanumberand/ortitle,includesallsubdivisionsofthatportion.9/11/95(viii)ForewordAnnex14—Aerodromes(ix)9/11/95TableA.AmendmentstoAnnex14,VolumeIIAmendmentSource(s)Subject(s)AdoptedEffectiveApplicable1stEditionFourthMeetingoftheANCHelicopterOperationsPanel;EleventhmeetingoftheANCVisualAidsPanelandSecretariatPhysicalcharacteristics;obstaclelimitationsurfaces;visualaidsforvisualmeteorologicalconditions;rescueandfirefightingservices.9March199030July190015November19901(2ndEdition)TwelfthMeetingoftheANCVisualAidsPanelandSecretariatStandardgeodeticreferencesystem(WGS-84);frangibility;visualaidsforhelicopternon-precisionapproaches;andvisualalignmentguidancesystem.13March199524July19959November19952AirNavigationCommissionAeronauticaldatabasesandverticalcomponentoftheWorldGeodeticSystem—1984(WGS-84).21March199721July19976November19976/11/7No.2INTERNATIONALSTANDARDSANDRECOMMENDEDPRACTICESCHAPTER1.GENERALIntroductoryNote.—VolumeIIofthisAnnexcontainsStandardsandRecommendedPractices(specifications)thatprescribethephysicalcharacteristicsandobstaclelimitationsurfacestobeprovidedforatheliports,andcertainfacilitiesandtechnicalservicesnormallyprovidedataheliport.Itisnotintendedthatthesespecificationslimitorregulatetheoperationofanaircraft.ThespecificationsinthisvolumemodifyorcomplementthoseinVolumeIwhich,whereappropriate,arealsoapplicabletoheliports.Inotherwords,whereaparticularissueisasubjectofaspecificationinthisvolumethatspecificationwillsupersedeanyotherspecificationonthatparticularissueinVolumeI.Throughoutthisvolumetheterm“heliport”isused;however,itisintendedthatthesespecificationsalsoapplytoareasfortheexclusiveuseofhelicoptersatanaerodromeprimarilymeantfortheuseofaeroplanes.ItistobenotedthatprovisionsforhelicopterflightoperationsarecontainedinAnnex6,PartIII.1.1DefinitionsWhenthefollowingtermsareusedinthisvolumetheyhavethemeaningsgivenbelow.Annex14,VolumeIcontainsdefinitionsforthosetermswhichareusedinbothvolumes.Accuracy.Adegreeofconformancebetweentheestimatedormeasuredvalueandthetruevalue.Note.—Formeasuredpositionaldatatheaccuracyisnormallyexpressedintermsofadistancefromastatedpositionwithinwhichthereisadefinedconfidenceofthetruepositionfalling.Airtaxiway.Adefinedpathonthesurfaceestablishedfortheairtaxiingofhelicopters.Airtransitroute.Adefinedpathonthesurfaceestablishedfortheairtransittingofhelicopters.Cyclicredundancycheck(CRC).Amathematicalalgorithmappliedtothedigitalexpressionofdatathatprovidesalevelofassuranceagainstlossoralterationofdata.Dataquality.Adegreeorlevelofconfidencethatthedataprovidedmeetstherequirementsofthedatauserintermsofaccuracy,resolutionandintegrity.Declareddistances—heliports.a)Take-offdistanceavailable(TODAH).Thelengthofthefinalapproachandtake-offareaplusthelengthofhelicopterclearway(ifprovided)declaredavailableandsuitableforhelicopterstocompletethetake-off.b)Rejectedtake-offdistanceavailable(RTODAH).Thelengthofthefinalapproachandtake-offareadeclaredavailableandsuitableforperformanceclass1helicopterstocompletearejectedtake-off.c)Landingdistanceavailable(LDAH).Thelengthofthefinalapproachandtake-offareaplusanyadditionalareadeclaredavailableandsuitableforhelicopterstocompletethelandingmanoeuvrefromadefinedheight.Elevatedheliport.Aheliportlocatedonaraisedstructureonland.Ellipsoidheight(Geodeticheight).Theheightrelatedtothereferenceellipsoid,measuredalongtheellipsoidalouternormalthroughthepointinquestion.Finalapproachandtake-offarea(FATO).Adefinedareaoverwhichthefinalphaseoftheapproachmanoeuvretohoverorlandingiscompletedandfromwhichthetake-offmanoeuvreiscommenced.WheretheFATOistobeusedbyperformanceClass1helicopters,thedefinedareaincludestherejectedtake-offareaavailable.Geodeticdatum.Aminimumsetofparametersrequiredtodefinelocationandorientationofthelocalreferencesystemwithrespecttotheglobalreferencesystem/frame.Geoid.TheequipotentialsurfaceinthegravityfieldoftheEarthwhichcoincideswiththeundisturbedmeansealevel(MSL)extendedcontinuouslythroughthecontinents.Note.—Thegeoidisirregularinshapebecauseoflocalgravitationaldisturbances(windtides,salinity,current,etc.)andthedirectionofgravityisperpendiculartothegeoidateverypoint.ANNEX14—VOLUMEII19/11/956/11/7No.2Annex14—AerodromesVolumeIIGeoidundulation.Thedistanceofthegeoidabove(positive)orbelow(negative)themathematicalreferenceellipsoid.Note.—InrespecttotheWorldGeodeticSystem—1984(WGS-84)definedellipsoid,thedifferencebetweentheWGS-84ellipsoidalheightandorthometricheightrepresentsWGS-84geoidundulation.Helicoptergroundtaxiway.Agroundtaxiwayforusebyhelicoptersonly.Helicopterclearway.Adefinedareaonthegroundorwaterunderthecontroloftheappropriateauthority,selectedand/orpreparedasasuitableareaoverwhichaperformanceclass1helicoptermayaccelerateandachieveaspecificheight.Helicopterstand.Anaircraftstandwhichprovidesforparkingahelicopterand,whereairtaxiingoperationsarecontemplated,thehelicoptertouchdownandlift-off.Helideck.Aheliportlocatedonafloatingorfixedoff-shorestructure.Heliport.Anaerodromeoradefinedareaonastructureintendedtobeusedwhollyorinpartforthearrival,departureandsurfacemovementofhelicopters.Integrity(aeronauticaldata).Adegreeofassurancethatanaeronauticaldataanditsvaluehasnotbeenlostnoralteredsincethedataoriginationorauthorizedamendment.Orthometricheight.Heightofapointrelatedtothegeoid,generallypresentedasanMSLelevation.Safetyarea.AdefinedareaonaheliportsurroundingtheFATOwhichisfreeofobstacles,otherthanthoserequiredforairnavigationpurposes,andintendedtoreducetheriskofdamagetohelicoptersaccidentallydivergingfromtheFATO.Stationdeclination.AnalignmentvariationbetweenthezerodegreeradialofaVORandtruenorth,determinedatthetimetheVORstationiscalibrated.Surfacelevelheliport.Aheliportlocatedonthegroundoronthewater.Touchdownandlift-offarea(TLOF).Aloadbearingareaonwhichahelicoptermaytouchdownorliftoff.1.2Applicability1.2.1TheinterpretationofsomeofthespecificationsintheAnnexexpresslyrequirestheexercisingofdiscretion,thetakingofadecisionortheperformanceofafunctionbytheappropriateauthority.Inotherspecifications,theexpressionappropriateauthoritydoesnotactuallyappearalthoughitsinclusionisimplied.Inbothcases,theresponsibilityforwhateverdeterminationoractionisnecessaryshallrestwiththeStatehavingjurisdictionovertheheliport.1.2.2ThespecificationsinAnnex14,VolumeIIshallapplytoallheliportsintendedtobeusedbyhelicoptersininternationalcivilaviation.ThespecificationsofAnnex14,VolumeIshallapply,whereappropriate,totheseheliportsaswell.1.2.3Whereveracolourisreferredtointhisvolume,thespecificationsforthatcolourgiveninAppendix1toAnnex14,VolumeIshallapply.9/11/9526/1/7No.2CHAPTER2.HELIPORTDATA2.1Aeronauticaldata2.1.1DeterminationandreportingofheliportrelatedaeronauticaldatashallbeinaccordancewiththeaccuracyandintegrityrequirementssetforthinTables1to5containedinAppendix1whiletakingintoaccounttheestablishedqualitysystemprocedures.Accuracyrequirementsforaeronauticaldataarebasedupona95percentconfidencelevelandinthatrespect,threetypesofpositionaldatashallbeidentified:surveyedpoints(e.g.FATOthreshold),calculatedpoints(mathematicalcalculationsfromtheknownsurveyedpointsofpointsinspace,fixes)anddeclaredpoints(e.g.flightinformationregionboundarypoints).Note.—SpecificationsgoverningthequalitysystemaregiveninAnnex15,Chapter3.2.1.2ContractingStatesshallensurethatintegrityofaeronauticaldataismaintainedthroughoutthedataprocessfromsurvey/origintothenextintendeduser.Aeronauticaldataintegrityrequirementsshallbebaseduponthepote