翻译学术语

翻译学基本用语 源语/译出语source language(SL), original language 译语/译入语target language(TL), receptor language, receiving language 原作者SL author, original author 译者(笔译者)translator 译者(口译者)interpreter 读者/接受者reader, receptor, audience 文本text 原文/原著source text (ST), SL text, original text, original version/original work 译文target text, translation, target version, rendering, rendition 译本/译著translated text/translational work 源语读者source-language reader/SL reader 源语文化source-language culture/source culture 译语读者target-language reader/TL reader/receiving audience 译语文化target-language culture/target culture/receiving culture 语境context 笔译written translation 口译oral interpretation/oral translation/interpreting 同声传译simultaneous interpreting 交替口译consecutive interpreting 翻译原则translation principle 标准translation criterion (复数形式为criteria) 翻译过程translation process 翻译程序/步骤translation procedures 反应/读者翻译response/reader’s response 对应(部分对应/完全对应)(partial /full )correspondence 等值/对等equivalence 对等物(词语)equivalent 形式对等formal equivalence 功能对等functional equivalence 动态对等dynamic equivalence 等效equivalent effect 充分性adequacy 可接受性acceptability(acceptable, unacceptable, unacceptability) 可读性readability(readable) 可译性translatability(translatable) 不可译性untranslatability(untranslatable) 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 层结构surface structure 深层结构deep structure 理解understanding/comprehension 表达expression 再现reproduction/representation 转换transformation 1 传译/转移transferral/transfer 误解misunderstanding 误译mis-translation 异化foreignization/alienation/exoticization/ exogenization/source-oriented translation 归化domestication/naturalization/adaptation/endogenization/target-accommodating translation 词汇空缺lexical gap 文化沟(空缺/非对应)cultural gap 直译literal translation/direct translation 意译free translation/liberal translation/semantic translation 直译派a literalist/a sourcerer 意译派a free-hander/a targeteer 重复法repetition 增译法/增词法/增译amplification/addition 减译法/减词法/省略法/省译omission 词类转移法/词性转换conversion 反译法/正反译法/反正译法negation 移植法transplant(ing)/transplantation 音译法transliteration 具体化specification 概括化generalization 抽象化abstracting 明析化explicitation 译借(语义转借)calque(loan translation) 加注法annotation 夹注intratextual note 脚注footnote 尾注/文后注endnote 注释性翻译annotated/commented translation 释义法/解释法explanation/paraphrase 引申法extension 替代法substitution/replacement 借用borrowing 推演法deduction 缀合法combination 分译法division 逆序法/倒置法reversing 合译法combination 综合法mixture of methods 包孕embedding 切断/分切cutting 拆离splitting-off 插入inserting 重组recasting 回译back translation 还原法finding out the original 原汁原味essence of the original, original flavor 词序调整inversion 选词diction 补偿compensation 视点转换shift of perspective 套译/仿译/仿拟imitation 信/忠实faithfulness/fidelity 达/易懂intelligibility/expressiveness 通顺smoothness 流畅fluency 自然naturalness /idiomaticity 雅/优美elegance/gracefulness 简洁brevity 明析clarity 简明conciseness 内涵connotation 含义implication 言外之意allocution 本文意义(文本固有之意)inherent meaning (of the text) 译者隐形translator’s invisibility 透明(度)transparency 宁信而不顺(鲁迅语)rather to be faithful than smooth (“I’d rather be faithful than smooth”) 神似(傅雷语) spiritual resemblance 化境(钱钟书语)sublimation 信、达、切(刘重德语)faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (to the original style) 三美: 音美,形美,意美(许渊冲语)the three beauties: beauty in sound, beauty in form and beauty in meaning 东方语言Oriental languages 西方语言Occidental languages 佛经Buddhist Scriptures/sutra 梵语Sanskrit 鸠摩罗什Kumarajiva 泰特勒(Alexander Fraser )Tytler 奈达(Eugene A.) Nida 机器翻译machine translation(MT) 人工智能artificial intelligence(AI) 翻译translate, render, rephrase, reword, transmit, re-express, transmute, transmogrify, interpret, convert, transform, transpose, express, transfer, turn 翻译学translatology/Translation Studies 翻译体/翻译腔translationese 死译/硬译mechanical translation 逐字译word-for-word translation/word-to-word substitution/verbatim translation 乱译/胡译excessively free translation 歪译(意义扭曲)distortion 惯用法usage 搭配collocation 约定俗成convention 形合hypotaxis 意合parataxis 继续阅读