On criteria of translation-蔡莉

On criteria of translation-蔡莉 On criteria of translation Abstract: The research on criteria of translation, on which people have been dividing their opinions, remains at the heart of translation studies. Translation criteria have always been a key issue in translation studies. Criteria o f translation is an ancient and ardent proposition. Translators ought to set up the correct viewpoint of translation. The research on criteria of translation, on which people have been dividing their opinions, remain at the heart of translation studies. The theory of complementarities of multiple translation criteria, proposed by professor Gu Zhengkun has philosophically, as we can say, put an end to the prolonged and fruitless arguments over them, of which the great theoretical value can not be underestimated. However, professor Gu has confined his argumentation to the objective existence of multiple translation criteria, ignoring the detailed expounding of their selection conditions. This paper attempts to make an exploration into problem and a suggestion that the purpose of translation is the adequate condition to determine the selection of translation criteria. Key words: criteria of translation, translation purpose, debates and Yan Fu Translation is the oldest human history of cultural exchange activities. In the world today tend to be the economic integration, the pursuit of spirit and culture value has become an inevitable. In human's material life, or in the human spirit, translation activity plays an increasingly important role. There will be a translation of standard views and thinking. The different historical period, different social background, the different levels of people from different angles of translation standards will produce different views, it will be over. There is always heated discussions about the criteria of translation. The phenomenon not only embodies that on the one hand, it is problem of great significance; on the other hand, there is no consensus about the criteria of translation. This debate is useful and significant and it can promote the progress and development of translation career. Mr. Gu, a famous scholars once said: "In translation, translation theory and translation standards is undoubtedly the most historic topic. Say to discuss the translators, almost a translation from phenomenon began. Therefore, the ancient proposition attracted the attention of many theorists, it is no wonder that proposition is prevalent." 1 Ancient Chinese translation of the standard arguments In the 2nd century AD, An Shi Gao translator, translated the meaning of a Ann kept more than 30 Buddhist. Then the people in a team, compared to central Lou in more than 10 Buddhist. It is difficult for readers to read his translation. So since then, the literal and free translation of this kind of problem keeps appearing. Translation advancement becomes an organized activity. His translation expresses the original and vivid style and lays a solid foundation in literary translation. Tang tai-zong two years (A.D. 608 translation), he was set out to India for superstar. In his organization, with a 19 years under the translation of Buddhist scriptures, there are about 75 1335 volumes. He not only by the Sanskrit Buddhist, and put into Chinese part of laozi works translated Sanskrit, became the first Chinese to the introduction of foreign books. 2 Modern Chinese translation of the standard arguments About the modern debate in translation criteria, we have to talk about the Yanfu. e put forward the famous idea of translation criteria, namely faithfulness, H expressiveness and elegance. The translation criteria gradually caused many translators’ resonance in translation practice and play a positive role in translation. Secondly, He called "elegant", which refers to the original and unilateral pursue translation from the quaint itself. Even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a debate on "faithfulness expressiveness and elegance" still attracted the public’s attention. Some people even think that this kind of criteria seriously limits the vision of translation studies. But debate in the 1920s appeared in the discussion about "charm". The famous Chinese writer published Maodun. He is not compromise consistently oneself of paraphrasing, even the between "translation" and "free" between the so-called "translation" he opposed. 3 Modern Chinese translation of the standard arguments Fu lei and Qian Zhongshu in the 1950s and 1960s put forward "spirit likeness" and "physical appearances" criteria of translation. Since the 1950s and the 1970s, our translation cause appeared the second high tide western translation theory. It was due to the fact that it began to swarm into Chinese translation research field, many scholars were to "save" and "perfect" fu theory. Someone simply said: "it is the better." Therefore, some people put forward "translation" or "free" value of new translation standards. The Times are different, different people stood at different angles and in different ways of thinking. In the meantime, the translation criteria of "faithfulness expressiveness and elegance" has endowed with new contents and explanation. They think "elegant" is no longer refers to the "fu" but "save the original style." This time, some scholars put forward "the optimal theory ", "the cutting theory", "the best approximation degree theory" in our country. 4 Debate some enlightenment to us This paper briefly describes the history of criteria of translation. From this argument, we can get the following enlightenment: firstly, the translation criterion is not eternal translation standards from the translation practice and from the translation practice. The proposed criteria are in line with social and political climate and people's ideology. Translation is the ancient religion as the purpose, so the propaganda mainly lies in translation Buddhist, but the modern translation purpose is to "make the stubborn process of western academic classes to accept", therefore, with the translation of science and technology, it is quite necessary to introduce the new thought. Modern translation purpose is to spread thought and culture, so with the translation literature, Then modern translation purpose is diverse. In each class professions, the people hold different purposes, the translation as a means to achieve the goal of service. Throughout the long history of translation, we find that the proposed standard with the contemporary social background and any translation standards into another era has its applicability and applicability. Translation criteria is not eternal. Secondly, the purpose, object, the translation criteria in translation activities in the second one is the purpose of translation and object in the first place, not to discuss the translation criteria, according to standard again after the translation activities. The translation of TianYanlun process is aimed at" class and making the stubborn scholar-bureaucrat class to accept the western theory ". To achieve this goal, he put his translation criteria into practice in the process of translation. If the Tian Yanlun "is designed for translation, research evolution experts as a special group of their interest in translation is mainly to practical, will try to keep the original text. If you choose to readers, the students must make it simple science books. Therefore, the purpose of translation and the object is the first and the second is the translation criteria. Thirdly, we ought to establish correct long-term translation criteria. Our country has "literal translation" and "translation" and "spirit likeness" and "appearance likeness" debate, and so on and so forth. Roughly speaking, this pair of factions and can be summarized as two great art. That is the practice of art. The scientific school prefers that translation is scientific and practice is emphasized. From the practical effect, it is not difficult for readers to understand "art". However, due to the informality, there is more or less forsaking stringent "Scientific" translation is characterized by faithful, rigorous. As a translator should adhere to dialectics, set up the correct translation, not with any bias and make scientific and artistic spirit and shape, simultaneously, literal translation and free translation. Only when adhering to the law of the unity of opposites, can the translators reach the highest translation level. Conclusion From the pas principle of translators, translation standard views as well as argument, it seems that we can draw the conclusion: translation activity itself should not be objective enough, however, it should follow some principles or standard. Despite the fact that the debate on translation criteria is still unavoidable, I am convinced that this kind of debate and argument will undoubtedly promote the advance of translation. In addition, with the development of the times and translation practice from generation to generation, the translators are supposed to be committed to studying the translation criteria and inject new vitality in to translation. Most importantly, no matter what kind of translation we will be engaged in, we have to figure out what purpose the translators must achieve. And then we may select specific translation criteria in conformity to our intention and conditions relied on in the process of translation. References [1] in debate. Translation: Zhang Houchen grow [J] and language teaching, 2001, [2] A English-Chinese translation tutorial IM]. Shanghai: Shanghai foreign language education press. 1983.1 [3] Sun Zhili. Translation theory and practice [M]. Oxford: polity press, 1999.3 ] the debate about the translation cold. [J] and language teaching, 2001 [4