大学英语六级模拟试卷

大学英语六级模拟试卷 Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. A. at an office B. at a clinic C. at a sports center D. at a classroom 2. A. The service there is not quick enough. B. They sometimes overcharge customers. C. The food served there is not very good. D. They have a lousy service. 3. A. 7:20 B. 8:00 C. 8:20 D. 7:30 4. A. a watch B. a table lamp C. a book D. a fishing pole 5. A. at a military base B. in a restaurant C. at a clinic D. at a hospital 6. A. The man's appearance has changed a lot. B. The man wasn't able to recognize Mac at first. C. The man was surprised that Mac didn't recognize him at first. D. The man has put on a lot of weight. 7. A. at the library B. on the other side of campus C. at his new apartment D. at dining hall 8. A. in London B. in any modern capital C. in a big city in Britain D. in any part of Britain other than London 9. A. Susan may be very ignorant though she doesn't seem to be. B. The two speakers are certain that Susan only pretends to be ignorant. C. The two speakers are certain that Susan is ignorant though she pretends to be otherwise. D. Susan may not be so ignorant as she seems to be. 10. A. The teacher never means to let them go later than schedule. B. The teacher always dismisses the class later than 4:30. C. He will probably be dismissed from class at 4:30 this afternoon. D. His teacher never lets them go later than 4:30. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B., C. and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A. In Europe B. In China C. In Egypt D. In India 12. A. A.D.996 B. In the 1240s C. A.D.994 D. In the 1230s 13. A. Because they changed the directions of the rockets. B. Because when they got burned by the exhaust of the rockets, they damaged the rockets. C. Because the rockets could fly straight without them. D. Because they would waste a lot of materials. Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A. Queen Victoria B. an English schoolmaster C. The king of France D. an unknown person 15. A. In 1837 B. IN 1860 C. In 1840 D. In 1850 16. A. A ship B. A famous musician C. A portrait of Queen Victoria D. Birds and flowers 17. A. The authorities said it was a mistake. B. The authorities said it would happen again at any time. C. The authorities said it would occur again within five years. D. The authorities promised it wouldn't happen again. Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 18. A. With calmness and order B. With numerous crimes C. With confusion and chaos D. With great dissatisfaction 19. A. In the electricity failure that occurred in 1965, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. B. The blackout in 1977 happened to occur in one of the city's worst heat waves in history. C. In the blackout in 1977 only a small fraction of the outlaws were arrested. D. In 1965, the failure occurred at a time of comparative economic prosperity. 20. A. 12 hours B. 36 hours C. 48 hours D. 24 hours Section C (Compound Dictation)略 Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: If the salinity of ocean water is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it well tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of oceans of the world. 21. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Where do we get our table salt? B. Oceanic salinity in tropical regions C. Three basic processes that alter oceanic salinity D. Variations of salinity in different parts of the ocean 22. According to the author, the oceanic salinity is usually lower in _____. A. tropical regions B. coastal regions C. places in which warm currents and cold currents meet D. the Antarctica 23. All of the following are processes that decrease ocean salinity except _____. A. precipitation B. runoff C. melting D. evaporation 24. What does the word “subtraction" in the fourth line of the first paragraph mean? A. reduction B. influx C. transformation D. freezing 25. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ice in oceans? A. The surrounding water sinks. B. The water becomes denser. C. Water salinity decreases. D. The surrounding water becomes colder. Questions 26 to 31 are based on the following passage: More than a century ago, the relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was first seen. When the great ice sheet covered vast land areas, the sea level was lowered because the normal return of water from land to the ocean was reduced. As a result, the sea level rose as Ice Age glaciers melted allowing the melted waters to flow into the ocean. If all the glacial ice on the surface of the earth today should melt, the sea level might rise by more than 150 feet. Shoreline variations are also produced through elevation or depression of the land. During times of glacier formations the great weight of the ice slowly depressed the earth's crust. Removal of the weight through glacier melting allowed the slow return of the crust to its former position. Changes in the Great Ice climates from cool and wet to warm and dry produced climate changes far from the glaciated area. For example, at times of cool-wet glacial climates, levels of inland lakes rose, in contrast to the depression of sea level. During the warm-dry interglacial climates, lake levels were lowered. The ancient lake Bonneville, largest of the glacial lakes in Western United States, once covered more than 20,000 square miles. It had a maximum depth of more than 1,000 feet. Great Salt Lake in Utah is the shrunken remnant of this once large lake. Although the first time that early man walked on the earth is uncertain, he is largely a product of the Great Ice Age. Present information shows that during this time he evolved rapidly both physically and culturally. His most primitive tools and skeletal remains have been found in some of the oldest deposits contemporary with the Great Ice Age in Africa, Asia and Europe. These are often associated with remains of extinct animals. With the disappearance of the great ice sheets, the Bronze and Iron Age cultures evolved. About this time many animals suited to cooler climates died. Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new theories and methods, and worldwide studies of existing glaciers are bringing a clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age. 26. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage? A. Man has a lot more to learn about the Great Ice Age. B. The art of making tools was instrumental in bringing about the evolution of human brain. C. Many species were not suited to the warmer climates of the Bronze and Iron Age. D. The relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was not seen until more than a hundred years ago. 27. According to the article, which of the following will induce the depression of sea level? A. formation of great masses of ice sheet on the land B. precipitation C. shoreline variations D. the advent of warm-dry interglacial climates 28. Why does the author cite the example of the Great Salt Lake in Utah? A. to show that it is a lake created in the Great Ice Age B. to show that it once was the largest lake in the United States C. to show that it evolved from the Bronze and Iron Age D. to show that it is what remained of the once large lake Bonneville 29. Which of the following can be learned about early man based on the information provided in the passage? A. The exact time of his appearance on the Earth is uncertain. B. He evolved rapidly physically and culturally during the Bronze and Iron Age. C. The ability to make primitive tools distinguished man from other animals. D. Early man lived mainly on animals hunted. 30. The best source of information about the Great Ice Age is obtained from _____. A. rock formations B. fossil remains C. primitive tools used by early man D. Antarctica's ancient glacier Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born a hundred years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary (当 代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (康复的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored (赞助) by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. 31. What was the cause to the population growth according to the passage? A. increase of birth rate B. advance in medical care C. well-administered social welfare D. the decrease of death rate 32. It can be learned from the passage that in some traditional societies _____. A. infants may be left to die when there isn't enough food to go around B. old and sick people are cared for at home until they died C. people are required to retire at a certain age D. people who are too weak or ill have to take care of themselves 33. What does the word “senile” in the first line of the last paragraph mean? A. advanced in age B. sick C. disabled D. capricious 34. What is the author's attitude toward the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals mentioned in the paragraph? A. suspicious B. optimistic C. neutral D. critical Questions 35 to 40 are based on the following passage: Although we already know a great deal about influenza, and although the World Health Organization is constantly collecting detailed information from its chain of influenza reference laboratories throughout the world, it is extremely difficult for epidemiologists (流行病专家), who study infectious disease, to predict when and where the next flu epidemic will occur, and how severe it will be. There are three kinds of influenza virus, known as A, B and C. Influenza C virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population. The A and B types are unstable, and are responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which confer immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity to change its character is able to by-pass this protection. Variability is less developed in the influenza B virus, which affects only human beings. An influenza B virus may cause a widespread epidemic but will have little effect if introduced into the same community soon afterwards, since nearly everyone will have built up antibodies and will be immune. The influenza A virus, which affects animals also, is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease, such as the unparalleled pandemic, or world epidemic, of 1918-1919, when about half the world's population were infected and about twenty million people died, some from pneumonia caused by the virus itself and some from secondary complications(并发症) caused by bacteria. Accurate prediction is difficult because of the complication of the factors. A particular virus may be related to one to which some of the population have partial involved immunity. The extent to which it will spread will depend on factors such as its own strength, or virulence, the ease with which it can be transmitted and the strength of the opposition it encounters. Scientists, however, have a reliable general picture of the world situation. Influenza A attacks us in waves every two or three years, while influenza B, which travels more slowly, launches its main assaults every three to six years. The outbreaks vary from isolated cases to epidemics involving a tenth or more of the population. We may confidently prophesy that sooner or later large numbers of people will be feeling the unpleasant effects of some kind of influenza virus. 35. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage? A. Symptoms of Influenza B. Man Versus Virus C. World Health Organization: Forefront against Influenza Virus D. Variability of Influenza Virus 36. According to the author, which of the following is NOT true about influenza? A. Man has obtained a great deal of knowledge about influenza. B. The occurrence of influenza is still unpredictable. C. Influenza is being studied extensively and systematically in many countries in the world under the guidance of World Health Organization. D. No reliable treatment of influenza has yet been found. 37. What does the author say about the influenza B virus? A. B virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population. B. B virus is unstable, and is responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. C. B virus is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease. D. B virus has a very developed variability, and it affects only human beings. 38. Which of the following is the most dangerous virus according to the passage? A. influenza A virus B. influenza B virus C. influenza C virus D. it cannot be determined by the information provided 39. What does the word “assault” in the eighth line of the last paragraph mean? A. influence B. attack C. symptom D. damage 40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the extent to which a virus spreads? A. the strength of the virus B. the strength of the opposition the virus encounters C. the ease with which the virus can be transmitted D. the immunity the virus can induce Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 41. The facts he supplied were not relevant _____the case in question. A. with B. to C. for D. about 42. A committee has been _____ by the counsel to look into the causes of unemployment. A. designed B. devised C. worked D. set up 43. Few articles in the newspapers _____more attention than that reporting the murder case with O.J. Simpson involved. A. enlist B. divert C. draw D. absorb 44. Julia _____two children since she got married in 1990. A. gives birth to B. has given birth to C. has been giving birth to D. gave birth to 45. The hospital was built on the side of a river, hence _____. A. it has the name Riverside B. given the name Riverside C. has got the name Riverside D. the name Riverside 46. It took them several weeks to _____the wild horse. A. cultivate B. civilize C. curb D. tame 47. By the time you graduate, we _____in Australia for one year. A. will be staying B. will have stayed C. would have stayed D. have stayed 48. He appreciated _____the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature. A. having given B. to have been given C. to have given D. having been given 49. They left for the airport very early in the morning _____traffic jam. A. in line with B. at the risk of C. in case of D. for the sake of 50. Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, _____water shortage is the worst. A. not to mention B. of which C. let alone D. for what 51. The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds _____his arguments in favor of the revision of the tax law. A. on which to base B. which to be based on C. to base on which D. on which to be based 52. Hydrogen is one of the most important element in the universe _____it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. A. so that B. but that C. provided that D. in that 53. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, _____ stress. A. so is B. as it is C. and so is D. the same is 54. While a young man, he decided to put aside a little money every month to make for his old age. A. provision B. supply C. adjustment D. insurance 55. The sales department has submitted a _____of their annual sales report to the board of directors. A. schedule B. sketch C. shorthand D. scheme 56. It would be difficult for anyone to behave in a _____way when one is in a furious state. A. rational B. legal C. stable D. credible 57. The final exams approached, _____the students became more and more nervous. A. notwithstanding B. for C. although D. as 58. Vingo took a bus and headed for home, if his wife would have _____him back. A. not to know B. not known C. not knowing D. not having known 59. We can make an exception _____. A. in any case of John B. in case of John C. in case of John's D. in the case of John 60. When the Cultural Revolution was launched in China, his father _____college. A. attended B. had been attending C. was attending D. has been attending 61. It's not safe to carry valuables around here. You'd better _____them in the hotel safe along with your passport. A. save B. hide C. pack D. deposit 62. To proof- A. consuming B. spending C. expending D. wasting 63. According to the weather _____, tomorrow will be overcast and dull. A. forecast B. foreword C. premonition D. prophecy 64. Armed with all the first-hand evidence, I was able to _____his argument in the court. A. deny B. refuse C. contradict D. refute 65. This information doesn't shed any light _____the problem. A. in B. toward C. on D. to 66. They feel they are justified _____the child because he was not behaving himself. A. to punish B. to be punishing C. in punishing D. punishing 67. We can't just _____his guilt. We've got to have some hard evidence to prove it. A. assume B. presume C. believe in D. guess 68. _____in the first round of the competition, our team took the earliest flight back. A. Being knocked out B. Having been knocked out C. We were knocked out D. We had been knocked out 69. If the door was not forced open, _____that the burglar must have had a key. A. it follows B. it is followed C. following is D. it will be followed 70. The famous football star was _____ with the murder of his ex-wife and her boyfriend. A. convicted B. charged C. blamed D. accused Paper Two Part I Error Correction (15 minutes) Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (?) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you cross out a word, put a slash (/) in the blank. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. Most speakers are surprising to learn that people who 71._____ speak only one language form a minority of the world's population that most people function in two or more languages. 72._____ While few people are truly balanced bilinguals or polyglots who feel equal comfortable with all languages, 73._____ the fact is that most of the world's population functions in more than language. Given this, it's somewhat surprising 74._____ that so much attention is paid to the English-speaking world to the matter of learning a additional language. If so many 75._____ people seem to do it so easily, then just what is the problem? The simplest answer is that there really isn't one. Giving ample opportunity and time, most people can learn as 76._____ many languages as they want or need to. But as teachers charged with the responsibility of adding English to the linguistic inventory of non-English-speaking children, we must be concerned precisely these matters—providing ample 77._____ and effective opportunity and using time as effectively as possible. This chapter will look briefly how children become bilingual. 78._____ First, we'll examine the conditions lead to bilingualism 79._____ in preschoolers, then we'll turn our attention to language learning in the classroom. In focusing on the differences between language acquisition at home and at school, we'll see that there's the potential for conflict from children's informal language 80._____ learning in the home and the more formal experience of the school. Part II Translation from English to Chinese (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, there are five items, which you should translate into Chinese, each item consists of one or two sentence. These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in the Second Part of the Test Paper. You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. 82. (L Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new theories and methods, and worldwide studies of existing glaciers are bringing a clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare" if they have a serious illness. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which confer immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity to change its character is able to by-pass this protection. III Short Answer Questions (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, travelling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations to create a decent and humane society. Questions: 86. According to the author, people judge others mainly by _____________________________________________. 87. The author believes that and the conditions in which work is done _____________________________________________ will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. 88. The author believes that _____________________________________________is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. 89. The author believes that only _______________________________________can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done. 90. The author will go on to discuss ___________________________________in the following paragraph. Part IV Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title Water Shortage according to the following OUTLINE given in Chinese. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. 1. 缺水的现状。 2. 缺水的原因。 3. 解决的办法。 Tape scripts Section A Directions: (omitted) 1. W: Bob, what brings you here? M: I've been running a temperature for a couple of days and finally I decided I'd better come and see you. Q: Who are the two speakers? 2. M: Where shall we have lunch? All I want is a sandwich. Isn't there a new snack bar in the neighborhood? W: I've been there a couple of times. It's quick, and the price is reasonable. But the food they serve isn't anything to speak of. Q: What does the woman think of the new snack bar? 3. W: Where have you been all this time? It's 8:00 now and the play started forty minutes ago. M: I'm sorry, Jane. I thought you told me it started at 8:20. Q: When did the play start? 4. M: Are you done with your Christmas shopping yet? W: Almost. I got a watch for my brother, and a book for my mother. But I haven't come up with an idea what to buy for my dad yet—probably a new fishing pole or a table lamp. Q: What has the woman bought for her mother? 5. W: Excuse me, Sir. No visitors are allowed here. This is the recovery room. M: I'm sorry. I must have gotten off the elevator on the wrong floor. Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place? 6. M: Your brother Mac didn't recognize me at first. W: I'm not surprised. Why on earth did you lose so much weight? Q: What can we learn about the man by the woman's response? 7. M: It's been quite a while since I last saw Bill. What do you think he's doing these days? W: I bumped into him the other day in the library. He told me he had moved to a new apartment on the other side of the campus. Q: Where did the woman meet Bill? 8. W: So you are going to spend your winter vacation in London? M: Oh, anywhere but London! We want to see the country itself, not just the modern capital. Q: Where is the man most probably going for his winter vacation? 9. M: Sometimes I wonder if Susan is really so ignorant as she seems. W: I know what you mean. Sometimes people are not what they look. Q: What can be inferred from their conversation? 10. W: When is your class over in the afternoon? M: It's supposed to end at 4:30, but our teacher never lets us out on time. Q: What does the man say about his class? Section B Directions: (omitted) Passage One The first rockets were almost certainly made in China. They may have been used as early as A.D. 994. Again, in the 1230s there were some references to rockets being used in China. The earlier ones may have been merely arrows tipped with something easily burnt. But later ones seemed to have been rockets driven by gunpowder which was invented in China. There were tubes of black powder attached to arrows. The arrow feathers were later left off when the firers realized that the rockets still flew straight after the feathers had been burnt off by the exhaust from the rockets. Soon the new weapons were being used in Europe as well. These early inventors had discovered the basic principle of the rocket by chance. It is a device containing fuel and oxygen, which, when they are burnt, create a backward gas which thrusts the rocket forward. Gunpowder was used as fuel for rockets for many years, and still is in fireworks. And though better fuel now enables man to reach the moon, the principle of this back thrust remains the same. Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. Where were the first rockets made? 12. According to historical records, when was the earliest the Chinese may have used rockets? 13. According to the passage, why did the ancient Chinese people remove the arrow feathers? Passage Two Postage stamps are usually issued by a sovereign nation. The idea for the adhesive postage stamp was first suggested by an English schoolmaster in 1837. His conception was derived from similar labels that had been issued almost a century earlier in many parts of Europe to collect a tax on newspapers. On May 1, 1840, Great Britain released the world's first officially issued adhesive postage stamp. The stamp features a portrait of Queen Victoria. It established a postal precedent in Great Britain. Since that time, all regular-issue stamps have portrayed the reigning monarch. Because these stamps proved to be so successful, by 1860 most nations had adopted the use of the postage stamps. Designs at first imitated those of Great Britain, but later pictorial designs were more and more used toward the end of the 19th century, and stamps created to commemorate important events began to be issued. Among the wide range of pictorials are stamps devoted to sports, art and music, aviation, birds and flowers, literature, ships, and telecommunication. Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. Who first suggested the idea for the adhesive postage stamp? 15. When was the first official adhesive postage stamp issued? 16. What was on the first adhesive postage stamp? Passage Three In November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure. The authorities promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists were certain that it would occur again within five years at the latest. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which produced varying degrees of chaos throughout the city of eight million people. In 1965, the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of comparative prosperity. In 1977, the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves. In 1965, there was little crime or looting during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry, clothes or television. Nearly 4,000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them. The vast majority of New Yorkers, however, were not involved in looting. They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries, and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerators, elevators, water and electrical power. For 24 hours New York realized how helpless it was without electricity. Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. What did the authorities say abort the blackout? 18. It can be inferred from the passage that the New Yorkers reacted to the power failure in 1965 ______. 19. Which of the following statements is NOT true? 20. How long did the blackout in 1977 last? 参考 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 及语言注释 Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension Section A(1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B Section B 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.A 19.A 20.D Section C (Compound Dictation)略 Part II Reading Comprehension 21. D。文章的主要 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 是在不同的地区和地理、温度、气候条件下海洋的盐度。 22. B。根据文中信息，在沿岸地区，因为有淡水河流的注入，所以盐度较低。 23. D。文中第一段指出，蒸发使海洋失去水分，留下了盐分，盐的浓度就此增加。降水、径流、溶化都是减少盐分的过程。 24. A。subtraction的意思是“减少，抽走”。 25. C。文中很明确指出，海洋中冰的形成会引起盐度的增加。所以C显然不是海水结冰的结果。 26. B。工具的制造对人脑的进化起到了至关重要的作用，这一点并未在文中提到。 27. A。文中开头提到当大片的陆地面积被冰所覆盖时，因为注入海洋的地 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 径流量减少，使得海平面下降。 28. D。作者在第一段的结尾处举大盐湖的例子是为了说明它是一度覆盖2000平方英里 的波那维尔湖因为在间冰期的温暖干燥时期湖面下降而逐渐缩小面积而形成的。 29. A。文中第二段的开头指出，人类最初出现在地球上的时间还不能最后确定。 30. C。文中第二段指出，发现的人类在冰河时代的工具和人骨可以帮助人们对冰河时代的情况有更多的了解。 31. D。文中第一段指出，人口的增加并不是因为出生率的增加，而是死亡率的下降。 32. B。文章第二段说明，在过去的、传统型的社会中，老人一般在自己的家里得到照料直到寿终正寝。 33. A。senile的意思是“年老的”。 34. D。从文章的最后一段可以看出，作者对于那些疗养院是持批评的态度，用的大多是贬义词。如dumping grounds， poorly paid, overworked, 和。 35. B。文章讨论的主要话 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 是不同的感冒病毒对人的影响，所以最合适的题目是“人和病毒”。 36. D。文章并没有提到人们还没有找到任何治疗感冒的良方。 37. B。文章第二段开头指出，B型病毒不稳定，而且往往会引起大范围的传染病的传播。 38. A。通过文章的介绍，可以看出，A型病毒是这三种病毒中对人类危害的一种，因为它不稳定，并会造成危害性极大的流感的传播。 39. B。assault的意思是“袭击”。 40. D。文章最后一段说明，病毒传播的程度和它本身的强度，它遇到的抵抗力，和它传播的难易程度都是密切相关的。但是文章没有提到病毒能带来的免疫力。 Part III Vocabulary and Structure 41. B。relevant to:相关，切题。 42. D。“成立一个委员会”:to set up a committee。set up在这里是“创立、开办、建立”的意思。 43. C。draw attention to something: 把某人的注意力吸引到……上来。也可以说attract one's attention to something。 44. B。give birth to:生子，产崽。因为有完成时态的标志词since，所以必须用现在完成时。 45. D。hence是个副词，“因此”。这个词较正式，用法也较特殊，后面的动词经常 省略。直接跟名词、形容词。 46. D。tame:驯服。cultivate:耕种。civilize:使文明。curb:给马上马缰。控制， 抑制，约束。 47. B。将来完成时常常和by和not. until，时间名词以及如build, complete, finish 等表示完成意义的动词连用。另外在believe, hope, suppose(料想)等动词后面，也常常 用将来完成时。比如:I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料 你明天就会变主意了。 48. D。在下列动词后面如果紧跟另一个动词或者是助动词have，则这些动词必须以 形式出现。不可以用不定式。Admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, detest, discontinue, dislike, dispute, enjoy, escape, excuse, explain, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, can't help, hinder, imagine, mention, mind, miss, it necessitates. pardon, postpone, practice, prevent, recall, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, understand。 49. C。in case of:万一，以防。等于for fear there should be。有时可以省略of 和后面的介词宾语。比如:They brought an umbrella just in case. For the sake of: 为了…… 50. B。which引导非限定性定语从句。指代前文的problems。 51. A。to base something on something:把……建立在……的基础上。这里which 指 代的是grounds。 52. D。in that在这里相当于一个连词because。再比如: This tribe has a very strange custom in that they always leave the corpse of their deceased relatives exposed until the vultures eat the flesh up. 这个部族有 个非常奇怪的风俗，因为他们总是把死去的亲人的尸体暴露直到秃鹰吃光它们的肉。 53. A。as. so.正如同…… ……也是…… 常用来连接两个并列的名词。比如: Just as Hong Kong is one of the biggest financial centers in the world, so is New York. 正如同香港是世界最大的金融中心，纽约也是。 54. A。 provision:预备，防备。 to make provisions for the future:为将来作好准备。 55. B。 sketch:草稿。schedule:时间表。shorthand:速记。scheme:策划。 56. A。rational:有理性的。 57. D。as:当……的时候。在这里是连词。 58. C。not knowing.是分词短语作状语。表示动作发生的背景或者情况。 59. D。in the case of.就……而言，对……来说。 60. C。因为when引导的时间状语从句有较明确的“一点时间”，用过去进行时最好。 61. D。deposit:存，存放。pack:收拾行李，装箱。 62. A。:花时间的。给这么一大叠文件检查拼写错误是非常花时间的。 63. A。weather forecast:天气预报。foreword:前言。premonition:预兆。prophecy: 预言。 64. D。refute:驳斥，用推理的方式驳斥别人的争论。 contradict:仅仅是反对，也可用来表示论述或者事物之间明显的不协调。 deny表示对某一指控或是责难的否决。 65. C。throw/cast/shed light on:使显得明朗，阐明，弄清 This information threw some light on the matter. 这个信息使得这件事显得明朗。 The evidence obtained from that woman shed some light on this complicated case. 从那个女人那里得到的证据使得这个复杂的案子显得清晰了。 66. C。to be justified in doing something:觉得自己做某事是正当的。也可用justify 的主动形式，比如:He cited a previous case to justify his argument.他引用了过去 的一个 案例 全员育人导师制案例信息技术应用案例心得信息技术教学案例综合实践活动案例我余额宝案例 来证明他的辩论是有理的。 67. A。assume:假定，设想。presume: 假设，(没有根据地)相信。 68. B。分词的现在完成式作原因状语，可以代替具有现在完成时的从句。分词完成式 结构所表示的动作必须发生在主句的动作之前。 to knock out:(在体育比赛中)淘汰。 69. A。It follows that.(根据逻辑推理)可以断定…… It doesn't follow that.并不意味着……并不一定…… 70. B。be charged with:被指控犯有…… 等于to be accused of (doing) something。 Paper Two Part I Error Correction 71. surprising?surprised:surprising:令人感到惊讶的。Surprised:惊讶的。 72. population?that?and:population和that之间必须加上一个and，使其成为两个并列的分句。 73. equal?equally:修饰形容词comfortable应用副词equally。 74. than?language?one:多于一种语言，名词language前面应加上数词one。 75. a?an:形容词additional前面需接不定冠词an。因为additional是以元音开头的单词。 76. Giving?Given:如果人们有足够的机会和时间的话……。在本句，前面省略了If people are. 77. concerned?precisely?with:to be concerned with:对……关注，为……担心。 78. briefly?how?at:look at:看。动词look后面必须加上适当的介词构成动词词组，后面才能加宾语。 79. conditions?lead?that:这里必须用关系代词that引导定语从句修饰名词conditions。 80. from?between: 如果不容易判断，请看后面的and。如果是from后面应该用的是to。 Part II Translation from English to Chinese 81.一般来说，在日照强烈的热带地区，海洋的盐度比世界其它蒸发量较小的地区要稍微高一些。 82. 尽管还有很多不解之迷，通过各领域科学家的努力，冰河时代的历史已经逐渐展现在我们面前。实地观察的记录，新的理论和方法，世界各地对现存的冰川的研究使得对冰河时代的了解越发清晰。 83. 老年人比青年人、中年人都更多病，除非他们自己有钱或者是有私人的或政府的保险，如果生了重病，他们时常不得不“依靠社会福利”。 84. 尽管有一些这样的机构还不错，但是大多数都不过是接收垂死病人“垃圾场”，在这些机构里，负责看护病人的只是些报酬很低，超时工作，缺乏技术的工作人员。 85. 每一次受到病毒的侵袭之后，人体都会形成对这种病毒免疫的抗体，但是具有能改变自身特性能力的病毒能够规避人体的这种保护。 Part III Short Answer Questions 86. what people and the status they are accorded by others 87. the material and psychological rewards which work can provide 88. inequality at work and in work 89. a small minority of people 90. the issue of inequality at work in the following paragraph Part IV Writing (for reference only) Water Shortage With the growth of population and the development of modern industry, water shortage has become a growing concern for Chinese government and people. This problem is at its worst in Northern China, especially in big cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang and so forth. Several factors contribute to this problem. First of all, water supplies are being consumed by a growing number of heavy industries. Also, as the population keeps growing at a steady rate, the amount of water consumed by them is naturally increasing too. Deforestation at the upper reaches of rivers has made the situations worse for the well-developed root system of trees can keep the water from diffusing into the earth. For example, the Yellow River has been out of currents for several months each year for the past few years. To solve the problem, we still have some options. First, we must economize on the use of water resources and practice a recycling policy. Secondly, stiffer laws and regulations should be implemented to protect the limited water resources we have. Also, more diversion projects should also be used so as to direct the surplus water resources in Southern China to the under-supplied regions.