对项目教学法在电子教学中初始阶段工作的思考

对项目教学法在电子教学中初始阶段工作的思考 定南职业中专 章辉军 一、项目教学法在电子教学中实施的必要性 项目教学法是师生通过共同实施一个完整的项目工作而进行的教学活动。电子专业课程是一门与实际操作有密切联系的课程。单纯的电子专业理论～在课堂教学中往往出现教师讲得很多～而学生觉得单调、枯燥～学习无兴趣。即使教师拿一些实物演示、做几个实验～学生也是一时半刻的兴趣～实践与理论出现了严重脱节～导致整个教学过程中教师讲得辛苦～学生学得无味～教学效果很差。[1]而项目教学法在实践与理论之间架起一座沟通的桥梁～是一个以学生为主体、教师为主导、项目任务为主线的学习过程。学生从被动接受变为主动学习知识～积极主动地去探索和尝试各个项目～同时也培养了学生独立思考解决问题的能力以及与人协作进行项目活动的社会 能力。 二、项目教学法在电子教学中实施的初始阶段工作 ,一,项目的设计确定 项目的确定是首要的关键一步～它需要电子专业教师、企业技术主管、学校领导等的积极参与～共同协商讨论来确定。项目选择是否适当～将直接影响整个课程的教学效果。 首先～在项目的确定中我们电子专业教师占十分重要的位置。[2]以电子技术、电子测量等课程为例～在项目的选择时～可将课程整合为直流稳压电源制作与性能测试、单管低频放大电risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions 路的调试、音频功率放大器的制作、组合逻辑电路的应用与测试、电子计数器的制作等项目。又如在直流稳压电源的制作与性能测试项目中～可以分为线路板的设计布线工艺、元器件的选择与测试、焊接组装技能以及整体调试检测等子项目。在这些设计组装测试中～整合了电子技术和电子测量等课程的内容～通过项目的形式进行教学～让学生在项目活动中学习相应的电子专业知识。同时～项目的设计要注意既能让学生运用学过的知识～又给学生以可思考的空间～培养学生用探索式学习方法获取知识和技能的学习习惯。如在稳压电源电路印制板的设计中～各个线路可以自行设计～只要符合原理图的要求即可～让他们发挥其个体的创造力。同时又可引入竞争机制～比较学生组装线路的美观性、实用性、利于组装焊接性～激发学生的学习兴趣～充分调动学生的学习主动积极性。当然～项目选择的难度也要让学生通过努力是完全可以实现的～不能设计成一个根本无法完成的任务。 其次～项目的选择既要考虑电子学科体系的专业理论～又要与企业实际生产过程或现实社会活动有联系。因此～需要电子企业技术主管的参与～所设置的项目应与实际企业要求有一定的联系。要向职业 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 靠拢～与职业基础内容有衔接～突出以职业性内容为主～以学术性内容为辅的特点。 最后～项目的实际确定还需要领导的组织协调～制定项目落实到位的 计划表 100天计划表 doc学习计划表下载月度计划表下载体育计划表下载每月阅读计划表下载 。包括相应电子类企业的实地调查考察～确定社会大市场的热点电子企业～也即能适应市场的企业,组织专业教risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions 师与企业主管的协商讨论会～确定既符合专业理论知识的要求又与企业实际生产有联系的项目,各项目所需的相应材料列入计划选取,与劳动保障部门联系确定与电子项目教学内容相应的中级或高级工证书等。 ,二,学生的合理分配 项目教学中～一个项目的顺利完成需要多个成员的协同工作～这就需要学生的合理分组。要制订分组原则～如组员互补～即专业基础好与差、动手能力强与弱、内向与外向型学生的合理搭配。项目活动中要分工合作～防止出现依赖思想～导致小组中只有一、二位同学在操作～其他人无所事事～进而影响整个项目活动的学习气氛。比如在直流稳压电源的制作与性能测试项目中～对线路板的设计布线、元器件性能的检测和选择、焊接组装、整体性能测试等各项工作应分工明确、协同工作～培养他们小组协作能力以及团队合作精神。 ,三,制订考核评价标准 传统电子专业考核通过笔试试卷的形式检测学生的学习效果。而项目教学内容变成了一个个项目活动～属于实践性的操作内容～各个不同的项目必须有不同的评分标准。比如对于直流稳压电源的制作与性能测试项目～可分别通过正确使用万用表、正确检测电阻电容晶体管、安装工艺、焊接质量、正确调试、 安全生产 安全生产管理档案一煤矿调度员先进事迹安全生产副经理安全生产责任最近电力安全生产事故安全生产费用投入台账 等方面进行综合评价考核。如正确设计并完成稳压电路制作的拿合格分～正确调试且性能测试较好的拿优良分～线路板设计布线工艺等有创新的拿优秀分。各个项目一一制定～最后综合所risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions 有的项目～拿满一定比例的优、良、合格后～该门课程可以通过并发给证书。当然～关于证书～可与当地的劳动保障部门协商确定一定的中级工证书。一旦确认～要求证书必须是社会承认的～有实用价值的。在评价体系中还可以设置自我评价、小组成员评价、企业介入评价、综合评价等～体现公平、公正、合理的原则。 ,四,教师、学生的角色转换 在项目教学中～项目成为学生学习的基本载体～学生具有百分之九十的主动积极性～教师成为学生学习过程中的引导者、指导者和监督者。[3]学生只有成了学习的主体～才能更好地在项目活动中把专业理论知识和技能结合起来进行整体性学习～顺利完成各个项目～也会真正成为学习的主人。另外需注意的是项目教学中虽然学生为主体～但教师的任务其实更重了～要为学生创设学习的情景、随时回答学生提出的问题、培养小组合作学习的气氛、做好审核点评项目工作、做好项目的 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 并针对项目进行专业知识的拓展等。 ,五,项目课程电子专业校本教材的开发 在综合各个电子课程的基础上～项目教学将从起步到逐渐完善～电子专业项目课程校本教材的开发应用成为必然的要求。它整合各个专业课程～向实际企业生产靠拢～并在实践中不断得到检验、完善。这也需要电子组专业教师的群体力量～共同研究创新～发挥众人的智慧～使各个电子项目不断趋于完美。让学生通过项目活动成为符合社会需要的实用型人才。 risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions ,六,安全文明操作 电子类课程是一门涉及电的课程～安全是保证各个项目顺利 进行的的首要条件。在各个项目实施的过程中～必须首先强调本 项目用电需注意的安全问题～凡是不需要通电能完成的子项目一 律不得通电。对各个项目要制订该项目的安全警示点～并列入考 核。 risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions