职称英语卫生类阅读理解例题精讲

职称英语卫生类阅读理解例 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 精讲 When fear takes control of1 the mind A panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror. Usually it does not last long, but it may feel like forever. The cause can be something as normally uneventful as driving over a bridge or flying in an airplane. And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before. A fast heartbeat. Sweaty hands. Difficulty breathing.2 A lightheaded feeling. At first a person may have no idea3 what is wrong. But these can all be signs of what is known as panic disorder.4 The first appearance usually is between the ages of 18 and 25. In some cases it develops after a tragedy, like the death of a loved one, or some other difficult situation. In the United States, the National Institute of Mental Health5 says more than two million people are affected in any one-year period. The American Psychological Association6 says panic disorder is two times more likely in women than men. And it can last anywhere from a few months to a lifetime. Panic attacks can be dangerous -- for example, if a person is driving at the time. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge in the state of Maryland is so long and so high over the water, it is famous for scaring motorists. There is even a driver assistance program to help people get across. Some people who suffer a panic attack develop a phobia, a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack.7 But experts say panic disorder can be treated. Doctors might suggest anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines. Talking to a counselor could help a person learn to deal with or avoid a panic attack. There are breathing methods, for example, that might help a person calm down.8 Panic disorder is included among what mental health professionals call anxiety disorders.9 A study published last week reported a link between anxiety disorders and several physical diseases. It says these include thyroid disease, lung and stomach problems, arthritis, migraine headaches and allergic conditions. Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada say that in most cases the physical condition followed the anxiety disorder. But, they say, exactly how the two are connected remains unknown. The report in the Archives of Internal Medicine10 came from a German health study of more than 4,000 adults. 词汇: panic n. adj. 恐慌(的) terror n. 恐惧 uneventful adj. 平静无事的;平凡的 heartbeat n. 心跳 sweaty adj. 多汗的 lightheaded adj. 头昏眼花的 tragedy n. 悲剧 bay n. 海湾 Maryland n. 马里兰(美国东部一州名) scare vt. 使恐慌 vi. 受惊 motorist n. 驾驶汽车者(通常为自己的汽车) phobia n. (病态的)恐惧 antidepressant adj. 抗抑郁的 n. 抗抑郁药 counsel(l)or n. 顾问 professional adj. 专业的 n. 专业人员，内行，专家 thyroid adj. 甲状的 n. 甲状腺;甲状腺制剂 arthritis n. 关节炎 migraine n. 偏头痛 allergic adj. 变应性的，过敏性的 archive n. (常用复数)档案;档案室，档案馆 注释: 1. takes control of:掌管，负责掌握 2. difficulty breathing ( = difficulty in breathing ):呼吸困难 3. have no idea of/as to:没有…概念，不知道 4. panic disorder:惊恐性障碍，急性焦虑症 5. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH):国立 精神卫生研究所 6. American Psychological Association (APA):美国 心理学协会 7. Some people who suffer a panic attack develop a phobia, a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack. 有些患有恐慌症发作的人会产生极度 的恐惧感，也就是极度害怕在什么时候会重复那种引起他们出现 恐慌症发作的事情。panic attack:恐慌发作，焦虑发作。bring sth. on / bring on sth.:引起，导致，促成。本句中a deep fear是a phobia的同位语。 8. calm down:平静下来 9. Panic disorder is included among what mental health professionals call anxiety disorders. 惊恐性障碍包 括在精神卫生专业人员称之为焦虑症中。anxiety disorder:焦 虑症。 10. Archives of Internal Medicine:内科档案 练习: 1. All of the following may be symptoms of panic disorder EXCEPT ________. A) sweaty hands B) difficulty breathing C) lightheaded feeling D) low blood pressure 2. How many Americans are likely to suffer panic disorder every year according to NIMH? A) 1,800,000. B) 2,500,000 C) Above 2,000,000. D) Under 2,000,000. 3. The probability for American females to be affected by panic disorder is ________ that for American males. A) two times as much as B) three times as much as C) three times more than D) one time more than 4. Which of the following spots is most likely to cause drivers to suffer panic disorder according to the passage author? A) The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. B) The Chesapeake Bay Bridge in Maryland. C) The Empire State Building in New York. D) The Niagara Falls in North America. 5. According to a study, all of the following diseases may be associated with anxiety disorder EXCEPT ________. A) cancer diseases B) allergic conditions C) thyroid problems D) lung and stomach troubles Kidney disease and heart disease spur each other Hearts and kidneys; If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on' the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction，too The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol,” says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.” Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic, many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades. And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidney disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn’t widely known. Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this month's Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease. The link sounds logical. After all , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors' both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond' those risk factors, stresses McCullough; Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn'' accelerates disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls "a shockingly age. " McCullough and colleagues tracked more than 37, 000 relatively young people -rage age 53 - who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked: The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate" t; levels of the protein albumin in the urine; and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease. The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the striking markers were worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age, few deaths are people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold increased risk of death in a mere 2 1/2 years, mostly from heart problems. “This study is very much a wake-up call,” McCullough says. 1. How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease? A By cholesterol checks. B By urine and blood tests. C By keeping a close eye on one's kidneys. D By measuring the volume of urine output. 2. How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation? A 19,000,000 B 400,000 C 50,000 D 37, 000 3. How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation? A 400,000. B 300,000. C 200,000. D 100，000. Red meat links to higher risk of breast cancer Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer. Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy2 can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet. New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive.3 The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body. Researchers at Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive: The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it. Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things may play a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat. The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine. And now we have more to tell you about our subject -- resveratrol. We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it. Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance -- again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 as mice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology5 appeared in the journal Cell. 词汇: breast n 胸;乳房 breastfeed v. 哺乳，喂奶 hormone n. 激素，荷尔蒙 therapy n. 疗法，治疗 receptor n. 接受器，感受器;受体 estrogen n. 雌激素 progesterone n. 黄体酮, 孕酮 (孕激素类药) serving n. 一份饭菜 process vt. 处理;加工 resveratrol n. 白藜芦醇(抗肿瘤药) compound n. 混合物;化合物;复合物 treadmill n. (古时罚囚犯踩踏的)踏车;(喻)单调的工作 genetics n. 遗传学 molecular adj. 分子的 cellular adj. 细胞的 cell n. 细胞 注释: 1. breast cancer:乳腺癌 2. replacement therapy:补充疗法，补偿疗法(应用机 体天然产物或合成代用品补充机体的形成或缺陷) 3. hormone-receptor positive:激素受体阳性 4. treadmill test:单调乏味的实验 5. Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology:遗传学、分子生物学及细胞生物学研究所 练习: 1. Breastfeeding helps women prevent the development of breast cancer to a certain degree. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2. Estrogen may contribute to the development of breast cancer as much as hormone replacement therapy. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3. The amount of red meat a woman eats is directly proportional to the probability of breast cancer. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4. The way red meat is prepared has much to do with the probability of breast cancer. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5. Any kind of iron in the food is a contributor to the development of breast cancer. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6. Resveratrol is the fourth factor recently found that causes a breast cancer to develop. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. Any kind of wine contains resveratrol. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned