六级翻译--名词从句

复习: 1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). 2)Tom usually talks _______________(仿佛他什么都知道). 3)Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). 4)It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ). 5)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试). 1) I had had your opportunities when I was young (考点:I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望) 2)as though he knew everything (考点:as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑) 3)I would seize the opportunity without hesitation (考点:在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词,可以省去if,采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件) 4)measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams (考点:It’s (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式,表示“该是……的时候了”) 5)the mid-term exams (should) be canceled (考点:表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式) 名词从句: 何谓名词从句 本质:三种句子(陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句)充当四种句子成分(主语、宾语、表语、同位语) 1)主语:The book is interesting. What I am reading is interesting. 2) 宾语:No one knows exactly the life on other planets. No one knows exactly whether there is life on other planets. 3)表语:English is a useful tool. English is what I like most among all subjects. 4)同位语:I love the novel, The old Man and the Sea. I love the saying that love, not time heals almost everything. 一、陈述句作句子成分:that+陈述句(宾从中,不影响句意的影响 下,that可省略) 1)English is important. That English is important is an undoubted fact. 2)Love , not time heals all wounds. I’ve learned that love, not time heals all wounds. 3)The child should be sent to school. My idea is that the child should be sent to school. 4)He succeeded in the experiment. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. 为什么用that? that 相当于“指路牌”,能帮我们指明断句的方向,不造成对句子的误解。that 后紧接着的句子是要作为另一个句子的某一个成分来使用,不是要表达的核心思想。 二、一般疑问句作句子成分:whether/if+陈述句 1)Will he come to my party? Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me. 2)Does he need my help? I don’t know whether/if he needs my help. 3)Will people live on the moon someday? My question is whether people will live on the moon someday. 4)Is there life on other planets? Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets. 区别:whether/if 三、特殊疑问句作句子成分:将疑问句转换成陈述句 1)Why did dinosaurs become extinct? Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery. 2)How many letters are there in the English alphabet? I don’t know how many letters there are in the English alphabet. 3)What are we badly in need of? Money is what we are badly in need of. 4)Where could we get the loan? There arose the question where we could get the loan. 注:特殊疑问词作主语时,无需调整句子语序: eg. Who will chair the meeting? Who will chair the meeting has not been decided yet. 四、名词从句的引导词 1)连词that;对应于陈述句;既不作成分也无含义;在不影响句子意思的情况下,宾从中的that可省去。 2)连词whether、if;对应于一般疑问句;不作成分但有“是否”的含义;不能省去。 3)连接副词when、where、how、why 连接代词who、whom、what、which、whose 对应于特殊疑问句;连接副词在从句中作状语,who、whom、what 作主语、宾语、表语,which、whose作定语,后接名词;不能省去,既作成分又有含义。 五、主语从句 1、that引导的主语从句(位置特点:一般在句末,偶尔句首) 句首时: Eg.That English is important is an undoubted fact. 常见句型(it做形式主语): 1)It +be动词+过去分词+that从句 It is reported that….It is believed that….. 类似:think、note、find、point out、say、expect、know、estimate、forecast等。 2) It +be动词+形容词+that从句 It is clear that…. 类似:possible、likely、natural、certain、strange、fortunate、necessary 等。 eg.It is true that English is becoming an international language. 3) It +be动词+名词短语+that从句 It is good news that.... 类似:a pity、a shame 、an honor 、a good idea 、no wonder、a fact、a miracle、my belief、common knowledge等 eg.It's a shame that you didn't pass the test. 4)It +不及物动词+that从句 It follows that...因此、由此可见... It happens that...碰巧... It turns out that....结果证明是... It comes about that...结果是... 5)其他结构: It dawns upon/on sb. that...某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb. that...某人突然想起…… It makes no difference that...……无所谓 It doesn't need to be bothered that...不必担忧…… It is of little consequence that....……无关紧要 eg.When I decided to quit my full-time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. 2、一般疑问句作主语:whether引导 eg.Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me. 3、特殊疑问句作主语: eg.What he told you is true. When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided. Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery. How a person masters his fate is mote important than what his fate is. 对于一个人来说,重要的是如何掌握自己的命运,而不是被动地接受命运的安排。 4、because引导的主语从句(because+陈述句作主语,谓语一般是does not mean,在because前常有just强调语气)翻译成“仅仅”“如果”“只是” eg.Just because someone doesn't love you the way you want them to doesn't mean they don't love you with all they have. 如果有人没有以你希望的方式去爱你,并不意味着他们没有全身心地去爱你。 注:重点是that主语从句的各种句型。 六、宾语从句 1、陈述句作宾语(that+陈述句放在宾语位置) eg.We know (that) the earth is round. 注:that引导的宾从中that可省去,若是几个宾语从句并列使用,that 一般不省。 eg.I once read that"the beauty of life is its changes"and that"the art of life lies in a constant readjustment to our surroundings".我曾读到过这样一句话:“生活的魅力在于变化,而生活的艺术在于不断地适应周围环境的变化。” 2、一般疑问句作宾语(whether、if+陈述句放在宾语位置) eg.I don't know if/whether he needs my help. 3、特殊疑问句作宾语(将特殊疑问句变成陈述句放宾语位置) eg.Y ou should vote for which candidate you assume best. We don't know why he did not come yesterday. 4、宾语从句在句中的不同位置关系 1)在及物动词后作宾语 eg.I've learned that everyone you meet deserves to be greeted with a smile.我明白了,你遇到的每一个人都值得你以笑脸相迎。 2)在双宾语动词后作直接宾语 eg.I assure you that I had no intention of offending you.我向你保证,我当时决不是故意冒犯你。 3)在双宾动词后作间接宾语 eg.They gave who came to the meeting a pamphlet. 4) 在介词后作宾语 eg.I find the best way to concentrate is to make notes on what the teachers are saying. I will give this dictionary to whoever wants to have it. 5)宾语从句后置(动词+it形式宾语+宾补+that宾语从句) eg.We believe it true that the human body is also a kind of good conductor(良导体). 七、表语从句(位于系动词后,尤其是be动词) 1、陈述句作表语(that+陈述句放表语位置): eg.My idea is that the child should be sent to school. 2、一般疑问句作表语(whether+陈述句放表语位置): eg.My concern is whether he comes or not. 3、特殊疑问句作表语: eg.The point is when you will become rich. 八、同位语从句(主要由that引导) 1、名词+that+陈述句(最常见) eg.I have been left with the knowledge that it's better to expect nothing than to give everything and then be disappointed.我从中懂得了,不抱任何期待比付出努力却最终失望要好。(期望越大失望往往就越大) 2、先行词与同位语从句被隔开 1)名词+定语+that+陈述句 eg.The statement by the driver of the vehicle that he did not see the lorry was rejected by the Court. 2)名词+谓语+that+陈述句 eg.Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts(裁决).人们日益担心,证人可能会因此而受到鼓励,在法庭上夸大其词以保证陪审团对被告做出有罪的判决。 A saying goes that practice makes perfect. 九、从句的嵌套结构 1)I realized that what I said was not exactly what I meant to say. 2)The question is how what you have learned can be put into practice. 练习: 1) It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责). 2) This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的). 3) _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me. 4) It all depends on _______________(他们是否会支持我们). 5) Y ou have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票). 1) who should be responsible for this matter (考点:较长的主语从句可以后置,用it作形式主语) 2) what I have been looking for (考点:表语从句) 3) Whether she likes the present (考点:whether引导前置的主语从句) 4) whether they will support us (考点:whether引导宾语从句) 5) whether I can count on your vote(考点:whether引导同位语从句)