山水田园诗歌鉴赏教师版

山水田园诗歌鉴赏教师版 山水田园诗鉴赏 一、了解山水田园诗 (山水田园诗是指以 、 为 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 的诗歌。) 二、常见意象与意境: 1(? 炊烟、桑麻、桑榆、桃李、麦苗、豆苗、菊花、鸡、犬、禽雀、眠蚕 (表现对 的山水田园生活的热爱及 、 的心情) ?意境特点: 。 2. ?野径、古木、荆扉、柴门、空林、空山、鸾鹤、孤云、禅房、古寺、暮钟 五柳、接舆、伯夷、叔齐 、林叟、幽人、樵夫、寺僧、道人、 (表达 、 、 或 的情怀) ?意境特点: 三、表达的思想情感 主要情感: 1.表达对大自然的喜爱 ?王维《汉江临泛》楚塞三湘接～荆门九派通。江流天地外～山色有无中。 郡邑浮前浦～波澜动远空。襄阳好风日～留醉与山翁。 ,山翁即山简～晋人～曾任征南将军～镇守襄阳, ?李白《望庐山瀑布》日照香炉生紫烟～遥看瀑布挂前川。飞流直下三千尺～疑是银河落九天。 2.表达对官场仕途的厌倦，对现实的不满甚至愤怒 王维《山居秋暝》空山新雨后～天气晚来秋。明月松间照～清泉石上流。 竹喧归浣女～莲动下渔舟。随意春芳歇～王孙自可留。 3.表达对归隐生活、闲适恬淡的田园生活的喜爱、向往 ?《过故人庄》,孟浩然,故人具鸡黍～邀我至田家。绿树村边合～青山郭外斜。 开轩面场圃～把酒话桑麻。待到重阳日～还来就菊花。 ?《社日》(王驾)鹅湖山下稻粱肥～豚栅鸡栖半掩扉。桑柘影斜春社散～家家扶得醉人归。 4.出世与入世矛盾心理的折射 《村居》(张舜民)水绕陂田竹绕篱～榆钱落尽槿花稀。夕阳牛背无人卧～带得寒鸦两两归 5.对生活、人生哲理的感悟,禅意的寄托 ?《 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 西林壁》(苏轼)横看成岭侧成峰～远近高低各不同。不识庐山真面目～只缘身在此山中。 ,由于人们所处的地位不同～看问题的出发点不同～对客观事物的认识难免有一定的片面性,要认识事 物的真相与全貌～必须超越狭小的范围～摆脱主观成见。) ?《过香积寺》,王维,不知香积寺～数里入云峰。古木无人径～深山何处钟。 泉声咽危石～日色冷青松。薄暮空潭曲～安禅制毒龙。 四、常用表现手法 (一)描写: 1.听觉角度:? 杜甫《绝句》迟日江山丽～春风花草香。泥融飞燕子～沙暖睡鸳鸯。 ? 王维的《鸟鸣涧》人闲桂花落～夜静春山空。月出惊山鸟～时鸣春涧中。 王籍《入若耶溪》艅艎何泛泛～空水共悠悠。阴霞生远岫～阳景逐回流。 蝉噪林逾静～鸟鸣山更幽。此地动归念～长年悲倦游。 fitted with exhaust started to thermal cracking. Carefully heat the liquid to make it start to boil until liquid clarified further heated 1h. Liquid cooling in the distillation flask, funnel moving quantitative Samadhi n distillation distillation flask and rinse several times until the total solution volume is about 200mL in the retort. Note that Distiller should be distilled in advance, wash the ammonia. Adjusting nitrogen lower end of the condenser of the distillation unit, so that it happens to come across bottom of the flask. This bottle pre 25mL sulfuric acid solution. Sodium hydroxide solution through the funnel 90mL Lysis solution after alkali. Note funnel neck cannot be emptied to ensure sealing. Open the condenser tubes of condensed water, began distilling. In this process, ensure the amount of steam produced is constant. About 150mL 20~30min collected the liquid in a volumetric flask, to stop distillation. Lowering of the volumetric flask, condenser tube left the surface, allow excess condensed water to drip into the bottle, and then rinsing with water condenser tube ends, water drip into the bottle, secured the release of ammonia into the volumetric flask quantitatively. Add water to the flask scale, shake well. Preparation of standard curve for a group of at least five per cent of the standard reference solution of known concentration of ammonium group. Each standard solution through a straw draw 50mL respectively into a set of lOOmL in the Erlenmeyer flask. Learn 50mL, lOOmL conical bottle water in the other, for ammonium on the standard curve ... 李白的《望庐山瀑布》“遥看瀑布挂前川” 2.视觉角度:? 绘形、绘色 例如:绿树村边合～青山郭外斜。 两个黄鹂鸣翠柳～一行白鹭上青天。 ?角度变化 上下、俯仰、高低、 远近 杜牧的《山行》:远上寒山石径斜～白云生处有人家。 停车坐爱枫林晚～霜叶红于二月花。 前两句描绘了秋山远景。后两句描绘了秋山近景。 3.细致程度:? 指对事物注重细部，进行精雕细刻、重彩浓墨的描绘。 杜甫《江畔独步寻花》黄四娘家花满蹊～千朵万朵压枝低。 留连戏蝶时时舞～自在娇莺恰恰啼。 ? 指以简洁、质朴的语言，粗线条地勾画景物轮廓的方法。采用这种方法绘景，往往 能取得以少胜多的艺术效果。 陶渊明《归园田居》方宅十余亩～草屋八九间。榆柳荫后檐～桃李罗前堂。 暧暧远人村～依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中～鸡鸣桑树颠 4.其他方面:虚实结合、正衬反衬等 虚实:景物描写中，“虚”是联想想象之景，如回忆、想象未来或幻想幻觉之景;“实”指当前视听 之景。诗歌常用虚实结合(虚实相生、虚实相济)的手法。 李白《梦游天姥吟留别》“日月照耀金银台”、“霓为衣兮风为马”、 “虎鼓瑟兮鸾回车”、“仙之人兮列如麻” 衬托是有主次之分两者相比较一方为另一方服务从而突出主要一方的手法，它分为正衬与反衬。 《梦游天姥吟留别》“天台一万八千丈～对此欲倒东南倾” 杜甫《绝句》“江碧鸟逾白～山青花欲燃。今春看又过～何日是归年,” (二)抒情:山水田园诗属于写景诗的范畴，这类诗歌的主要特点就是“一切景语皆情语”，亦即作者笔下的山水自然景物都融入了作者的主观情愫，或者借景抒情，或者情景交融。 1、直接抒情 (直抒胸臆)直接对有关人物和事件表明爱憎态度的抒情方式，也叫直抒胸臆。 陈子昂《登幽州台歌》“前不见古人～后不见来者。念天地之悠悠～独怆然而涕下。” 2、间接抒情，多为借景抒情(情景交融、寓情于景):诗人把自身所要抒发的感情 ，寄寓在景物中，通 过描写景物予以抒发，这种抒情方式叫借景抒情。一般情况下，是乐景写乐情，哀景抒哀情，但也有 以乐景衬哀情或哀景写乐情的写法。 乐景乐情: 杜甫《江畔独步寻花》“黄四娘家花满蹊～千朵万朵压枝低。 留连戏蝶时时舞～自在娇莺恰恰啼” 谢灵运《登池上楼》 “池塘生春草～园柳变鸣禽” 哀景哀情:元稹《闻乐天授江州司马》 残灯无焰影幢幢～此夕闻君谪九江。 垂死病中惊坐起～暗风吹雨入寒窗。” 乐景哀情:古人说过“以乐景写哀，以哀景写乐，一倍增其哀乐”。 元稹《行宫》:“寥落古行宫～宫花寂寞红。白头宫女在～闲坐说玄宗。” ndard curve ...ely into a set of lOOmL in the Erlenmeyer flask. Learn 50mL, lOOmL conical bottle water in the other, for ammonium on the stapectivhe standard reference solution of known concentration of ammonium group. Each standard solution through a straw draw 50mL resitatively. Add water to the flask scale, shake well. Preparation of standard curve for a group of at least five per cent of tquantrinsing with water condenser tube ends, water drip into the bottle, secured the release of ammonia into the volumetric flask ring of the volumetric flask, condenser tube left the surface, allow excess condensed water to drip into the bottle, and then. Loweount of steam produced is constant. About 150mL 20~30min collected the liquid in a volumetric flask, to stop distillationt be emptied to ensure sealing. Open the condenser tubes of condensed water, began distilling. In this process, ensure the amcanno 5mL sulfuric acid solution. Sodium hydroxide solution through the funnel 90mL Lysis solution after alkali. Note funnel neckower end of the condenser of the distillation unit, so that it happens to come across bottom of the flask. This bottle pre 2ogen ln volume is about 200mL in the retort. Note that Distiller should be distilled in advance, wash the ammonia. Adjusting nitrn flask, funnel moving quantitative Samadhi n distillation distillation flask and rinse several times until the total solutiorther heated 1h. Liquid cooling in the distillatiofitted with exhaust started to thermal cracking. Carefully heat the liquid to make it start to boil until liquid clarified fu 2 哀景乐情:司空曙《喜外弟卢纶见宿》:“静夜四无邻～荒居旧业贫。 雨中黄叶树～灯下白头人。 以我独沉久～愧君相见频。 平生自有分～况是蔡家亲。” (三)修辞:在古代诗歌中，比喻、拟人，借代、对偶、对比等都是常见的修辞手法，要善于发现修辞 手法，并分析作用。 比喻为更形象生动 ( ); 拟人是把事物人格化 ( ); 夸张是为了强调和突出 ( ); 对偶是为增强诗的音乐美、形式美 ( )。 对比是为了更突出作者的情感。 , , 借代是使借代的运用使语言简练、含蓄。 , , 五、鉴赏方法及解题思路: 山水田园诗一般鉴赏方法是把握意象特点，分析意境是关键环节。在此基础上去把握诗歌情感，鉴赏 手法，体悟语言风格。 1(把握意象:?找准、找全典型意象, ?观察物象的组合方式,上下、远近、高低、里外、俯仰等,, ?体会画面的色彩～感受画面的色调, ?注意画面的动态、静态, 2. 分析意境:?结合意象特点展开联想与想象～描摹诗歌图景。 ?概括景象,意境,特点。 3. 体会情感:结合意境特点剖析作者思想情感。一切景语皆情语。 4. 鉴赏手法:注意从描写、抒情、修辞等角度考虑～并结合诗作分析。 5. 品味语言:山水田园诗的语言风格多为质朴自然、清新洗练、清幽淡雅的。 六、回归教材 登岳阳楼 杜甫 昔闻洞庭水～今上岳阳楼。 吴楚东南坼～乾坤日夜浮。 亲朋无一字～老病有孤舟。 戎马关山北～凭轩涕泗流。 1、请找出“吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮。”一联中最传神的两个字，并赏析此联。 2、作者登楼为什么会流泪,可看出作者怎样的思想感情, 七、真题演练 1、阅读下面这首诗歌，回答问题。 辋川闲居赠裴秀才迪 王 维 寒山转苍翠～秋水日潺湲。 倚杖柴门外～临风听暮蝉。 渡头余落日～墟里上孤烟。 复值接舆醉～狂歌五柳前。 ottle water in the other, for ammonium on the standard curve ...dard solution through a straw draw 50mL respectively into a set of lOOmL in the Erlenmeyer flask. Learn 50mL, lOOmL conical bstan curve for a group of at least five per cent of the standard reference solution of known concentration of ammonium group. Each elease of ammonia into the volumetric flask quantitatively. Add water to the flask scale, shake well. Preparation of standardthe r condensed water to drip into the bottle, and then rinsing with water condenser tube ends, water drip into the bottle, securedin a volumetric flask, to stop distillation. Lowering of the volumetric flask, condenser tube left the surface, allow excess quid began distilling. In this process, ensure the amount of steam produced is constant. About 150mL 20~30min collected the li s solution after alkali. Note funnel neck cannot be emptied to ensure sealing. Open the condenser tubes of condensed water,L Lysime across bottom of the flask. This bottle pre 25mL sulfuric acid solution. Sodium hydroxide solution through the funnel 90mn advance, wash the ammonia. Adjusting nitrogen lower end of the condenser of the distillation unit, so that it happens to colled ik and rinse several times until the total solution volume is about 200mL in the retort. Note that Distiller should be distither heated 1h. Liquid cooling in the distillation flask, funnel moving quantitative Samadhi n distillation distillation flasrfitted with exhaust started to thermal cracking. Carefully heat the liquid to make it start to boil until liquid clarified fu 3 (1)本诗写景有何特点, (2)简析颔联、尾联的人物形象特点。 (3)全诗表现了作者怎样的思想感情, 2、阅读下面一首诗，然后回答问题。 兰溪棹歌 戴叔伦 凉月如眉挂柳湾～越中山色镜中看。 兰溪三日桃花雨～半夜鲤鱼来上滩。 (1)诗的第一句从什么角度写，第二句从什么角度写 ，这两句诗勾勒出一个怎样的境界, (2)试分析这首诗中“动静结合”的手法。 (3)整首诗，从头至尾没有写到“人”，也没有写到“情”，而读来使人感到景中有人，景中有情，问:诗中 的人是怎样的形象,情是怎样的情, 3、阅读下面一首诗，然后回答问题。 [越调]天净沙〃江上 ,元,张可久 嗈嗈落雁平沙～依依孤鹜残霞～隔水疏林几家。小舟如画～渔歌唱入芦花。 (嗈嗈(yōng):雁鸣叫声.) (1)简要概括这首词与马致远的《天净沙?秋思》的内容。(3分) 马致远词: 。张可久词: 。 (2)“枯藤老树昏鸦”与“依依孤鹜残霞”描绘的景象，其基调是否一致,为什么,(3分) 八、课后提升 夜归鹿门歌 孟浩然 山寺钟鸣昼已昏～渔梁渡头争渡喧。 人随沙岸向江村～余亦乘舟归鹿门。 鹿门月照开烟树～忽到庞公栖隐处。 岩扉松径长寂寥～唯有幽人自来去。 (1)、本诗是如何将写景与抒情完美地结合在一起的, ndard curve ...ely into a set of lOOmL in the Erlenmeyer flask. Learn 50mL, lOOmL conical bottle water in the other, for ammonium on the stapectivhe standard reference solution of known concentration of ammonium group. Each standard solution through a straw draw 50mL resitatively. Add water to the flask scale, shake well. Preparation of standard curve for a group of at least five per cent of tquantrinsing with water condenser tube ends, water drip into the bottle, secured the release of ammonia into the volumetric flask ring of the volumetric flask, condenser tube left the surface, allow excess condensed water to drip into the bottle, and then. Loweount of steam produced is constant. About 150mL 20~30min collected the liquid in a volumetric flask, to stop distillationt be emptied to ensure sealing. Open the condenser tubes of condensed water, began distilling. In this process, ensure the amcanno 5mL sulfuric acid solution. Sodium hydroxide solution through the funnel 90mL Lysis solution after alkali. Note funnel neckower end of the condenser of the distillation unit, so that it happens to come across bottom of the flask. This bottle pre 2ogen ln volume is about 200mL in the retort. Note that Distiller should be distilled in advance, wash the ammonia. Adjusting nitrn flask, funnel moving quantitative Samadhi n distillation distillation flask and rinse several times until the total solutiorther heated 1h. Liquid cooling in the distillatiofitted with exhaust started to thermal cracking. Carefully heat the liquid to make it start to boil until liquid clarified fu 4 过故人庄 孟浩然 故人具鸡黍～邀我至田家。 绿树村边合～青山郭外斜。 开轩面场圃～把酒话桑麻。 待到重阳日～还来就菊花。 (1)、诗的颔联为我们描绘了怎样的一幅画面, (2)、颔联是千古名句，请自选一个角度(如表现手法，语言运用等)，作一简短分析。 《积雨辋川庄作》 王维 积雨空林烟火迟～蒸藜炊黍饷东菑。 漠漠水田飞白鹭～阴阴夏木啭黄鹂。 山中习静观朝槿～松下清斋折露葵。 野老与人争席罢～海鸥何事更相疑, (1)、首联哪两个字用得好,(炼字:解释——描绘——情感) 2)、颔联写景运用了哪些手法,描绘了怎样的意境, ( (3)、最后两联描绘了作者怎样的生活,表达了什么情感, (4)、前人评价王维的诗“诗中有画”。试以“漠漠水田飞白鹭，阴阴夏木啭黄鹂”为例，说说他画出了 怎样的意境。 《菩萨蛮》,其二, 韦庄 人人尽说江南好～游人只合江南老。春水碧于天～画船听雨眠。 垆边人似月～皓腕凝霜雪。未老莫还乡～还乡需断肠。 (1).简要概括从哪些方面写出了"江南好"? (2).分析"未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠。"表达了怎样的情感? 山居即事 王维 寂寞掩柴扉～苍茫对落晖。 鹤巢松树遍～人访荜门稀。 嫩竹含新粉～红莲落故衣。 ottle water in the other, for ammonium on the standard curve ...dard solution through a straw draw 50mL respectively into a set of lOOmL in the Erlenmeyer flask. Learn 50mL, lOOmL conical bstan curve for a group of at least five per cent of the standard reference solution of known concentration of ammonium group. Each elease of ammonia into the volumetric flask quantitatively. Add water to the flask scale, shake well. Preparation of standardthe r condensed water to drip into the bottle, and then rinsing with water condenser tube ends, water drip into the bottle, securedin a volumetric flask, to stop distillation. Lowering of the volumetric flask, condenser tube left the surface, allow excess quid began distilling. In this process, ensure the amount of steam produced is constant. About 150mL 20~30min collected the li s solution after alkali. Note funnel neck cannot be emptied to ensure sealing. Open the condenser tubes of condensed water,L Lysime across bottom of the flask. This bottle pre 25mL sulfuric acid solution. Sodium hydroxide solution through the funnel 90mn advance, wash the ammonia. Adjusting nitrogen lower end of the condenser of the distillation unit, so that it happens to colled ik and rinse several times until the total solution volume is about 200mL in the retort. Note that Distiller should be distither heated 1h. Liquid cooling in the distillation flask, funnel moving quantitative Samadhi n distillation distillation flasrfitted with exhaust started to thermal cracking. Carefully heat the liquid to make it start to boil until liquid clarified fu 5 渡头烟火起～处处采菱归。 (1)简析“遍”字在颔联中的表达效果。 。 (2)诗的后四句写出了怎样的景与情, 幽居初夏 陆游 湖山胜处放翁家～槐柳阴中野径斜。 水满有时观下鹭～草深无处不鸣蛙。 箨龙已过头番笋～木笔犹开第一花。 叹息老来交旧尽～睡来谁共午瓯茶。 [注]箨龙，就是笋。木笔，又名辛夷花。两者都是初夏常见之物。 (1)诗人写景是从哪几方面突出表现一个“幽”字的,试作简要分析。 (2)这首诗抒发了诗人哪些复杂的思想感情, 夏 意 苏舜钦 别院深深夏席清～石榴开遍透窗明。 树阴满地日当午～梦觉流莺时一声。 注:别院，即正院旁侧的小院。 (1)此诗以“夏意”为标题，着眼点在“意”，写诗人于炎热盛夏中的一种心境。这是一种什么样的心境, (2)“时一声”的“流莺”与这种心境是否和谐,为什么, 酬张少府 王维 晚年惟好静～万事不关心。 自顾无长策～空知返旧林。 松风吹解带～山月照弹琴。 君问穷通理～渔歌入浦深。 (1)、这首诗的主要内容是什么,表现了作者怎样的情怀, (2)、尾联以“渔歌入浦深”回答张少府的询问，它的深远含义是什么, 庆全庵桃花 谢枋得 寻得桃源好避秦～桃红又见一年春。 花飞莫遣随流水～怕有渔郎来问津。 ,注,谢枋得，宋末元初人。宋亡后，只身隐居，多次坚拒元朝征召。 (1)首句化用了什么典故,次句中“又”字有什么作用, (2)请简要分析“桃花”在全诗中的作用。 ndard curve ...ely into a set of lOOmL in the Erlenmeyer flask. Learn 50mL, lOOmL conical bottle water in the other, for ammonium on the stapectivhe standard reference solution of known concentration of ammonium group. Each standard solution through a straw draw 50mL resitatively. Add water to the flask scale, shake well. Preparation of standard curve for a group of at least five per cent of tquantrinsing with water condenser tube ends, water drip into the bottle, secured the release of ammonia into the volumetric flask ring of the volumetric flask, condenser tube left the surface, allow excess condensed water to drip into the bottle, and then. Loweount of steam produced is constant. About 150mL 20~30min collected the liquid in a volumetric flask, to stop distillationt be emptied to ensure sealing. Open the condenser tubes of condensed water, began distilling. In this process, ensure the amcanno 5mL sulfuric acid solution. Sodium hydroxide solution through the funnel 90mL Lysis solution after alkali. Note funnel neckower end of the condenser of the distillation unit, so that it happens to come across bottom of the flask. This bottle pre 2ogen ln volume is about 200mL in the retort. Note that Distiller should be distilled in advance, wash the ammonia. Adjusting nitrn flask, funnel moving quantitative Samadhi n distillation distillation flask and rinse several times until the total solutiorther heated 1h. Liquid cooling in the distillatiofitted with exhaust started to thermal cracking. Carefully heat the liquid to make it start to boil until liquid clarified fu 6 ottle water in the other, for ammonium on the standard curve ...dard solution through a straw draw 50mL respectively into a set of lOOmL in the Erlenmeyer flask. Learn 50mL, lOOmL conical bstan curve for a group of at least five per cent of the standard reference solution of known concentration of ammonium group. Each elease of ammonia into the volumetric flask quantitatively. Add water to the flask scale, shake well. Preparation of standardthe r condensed water to drip into the bottle, and then rinsing with water condenser tube ends, water drip into the bottle, securedin a volumetric flask, to stop distillation. Lowering of the volumetric flask, condenser tube left the surface, allow excess quid began distilling. In this process, ensure the amount of steam produced is constant. About 150mL 20~30min collected the li s solution after alkali. Note funnel neck cannot be emptied to ensure sealing. Open the condenser tubes of condensed water,L Lysime across bottom of the flask. This bottle pre 25mL sulfuric acid solution. Sodium hydroxide solution through the funnel 90mn advance, wash the ammonia. Adjusting nitrogen lower end of the condenser of the distillation unit, so that it happens to colled ik and rinse several times until the total solution volume is about 200mL in the retort. Note that Distiller should be distither heated 1h. Liquid cooling in the distillation flask, funnel moving quantitative Samadhi n distillation distillation flasrfitted with exhaust started to thermal cracking. Carefully heat the liquid to make it start to boil until liquid clarified fu 7