_脉冲TIG焊接工艺参数对Inconel601H镍基合金焊缝晶粒大小的影响
_脉冲TIG焊接工艺参数对Inconel601H镍基合金焊缝晶粒大
小的影响
第36卷第4期2015年4月
焊接学报
Vol(36April
No(42015
T,ANSACTIONSOFTHECHINAWELDINGINSTITUTION
脉冲TIG焊接工艺参数对Inconel601H
镍基合金焊缝晶粒大小的影响
王
涛,郑振太,董天顺,张立胜
(河北工业大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300132)
摘
要:为了控制镍基合金焊缝晶粒粗大倾向,研究工艺参数对焊缝晶粒大小的影响,采用脉冲TIG焊对In-
conel601H镍基合金进行焊接,焊后借助光学显微镜对焊缝横截面金相组织进行观察并计算晶粒尺寸(结果
表
关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
明,在Inconel601H镍基合金的脉冲TIG焊中,焊接工艺参数对焊缝晶粒大小的影响方式不同(并且在参数的一定范围内,随着峰值电流、脉冲频率及占空比的提高,晶粒细化效果明显;但随着基值电流提高,晶粒趋于长大(因此,采用适当的焊接工艺参数可以有助于改善镍基合金焊缝晶粒粗大—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
问题(关键词:镍基合金;脉冲钨极氩弧焊;工艺参数;细化晶粒中图分类号:TG401
文献标识码:A
文章编号:0253,360X(2015)04,0109,04
0序言1试验方法
Inconel601H镍基合金是美国HuntingtonAlloys公司于20世纪70年代开发的一种添加了铝和钛的
镍铬铁合金(该合金具有出色的高温抗氧化性、抗碳化性,及抗氧化性含硫气氛能力,在室温和高温时都具有良好的力学性能和耐应力腐蚀开裂性能(此外,由于控制了碳含量和晶粒尺寸,还具有较高蠕变断裂强度(该合金广泛应用于诸多工业领域,如各
,1,4,
(然而,种热、化学过程、污染控制和发电等由
于Inconel601H镍基合金导热性能差、熔点高、焊接
Inconel601H镍基合金化学成分如表1所示(采
I形坡口,用脉冲TIG焊,接头型式为对接,间隙为1mm,试件如图1所示(钨极采用直径为2(0mm的
铈钨极,焊接时不填充焊丝,焊接电源为松下YC,315TX型,保护气体采用纯氩气,保护气体流量为10L/min,背保护气体流量为5L/min,焊接速度为20cm/min,电弧电压为12V,冷却条件为空冷
(
接头在高温停留时间长,以单一奥氏体结晶因此其 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————
焊缝晶粒有较大的粗大倾向(在焊接成形中,焊缝晶粒粗大影响着整个接头性能与母材的匹配,所以开展该合金焊缝晶粒细化方面的研究工作具有重要意义(
脉冲TIG焊是采用变化的而非恒定的焊接电流,在峰值电流期间加热熔化焊件,在基值电流期间熔池开始冷却凝固,在低频焊接时该特点更加明显(采用脉冲电流,可以降低对焊件的热输入量,减少焊缝晶粒长大的驱动力;此外,脉冲电弧对熔池的电磁搅拌作用还可以排除气体、破碎晶粒(所以采用脉冲TIG焊进行焊接,分析其工艺参数对焊缝晶粒大小的影响规律,将对提高其焊接接头质量具有一定的研究意义(
,5,7,
图1Fig.1
坡口示意图(mm)Schematicofmetaljoint
焊接试验前用丙酮清洗坡口及其两侧25mm范
围内的污物、油脂、油漆等(焊接后采用线切割方法截取焊接接头横截面制成金相试样,采用50%C3H8O3+30%HCl+20%HNO3的混合腐蚀液对其进行腐蚀(用光学显微镜观察焊缝微观组织(经三次重复试验,采用海恩线法测定平均晶粒直径,测量误差?2μm(
收稿日期:2013,09,24
110
表1Table1
Ni58,63
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Cr22,24
Fe9(04,18(6
焊接学报第36卷
%)Inconel601H镍基合金的化学成分(质量分数,
ChemicalcompositionsofInconel601Hnickel-basedalloy
Mn
Al1(1,1(6
Ti0(3,0(6
C?0(1
Cu?0(5
Si?0(5
S?0(01
p?0(02
Zr?0(03
?0(6
2
2(1
试验结果及分析
峰值电流的影响
如表2和图2所示,当峰值电流为200A时,焊
缝中大部分晶粒相对较粗大(由海恩线法测得晶粒平均直径约为79,83μm,晶粒数量相对较少;当峰值电流增加到250A时,虽然—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
热输入增加导致对熔池的热输入增多,但是焊缝中大部分晶粒明显减小,晶粒平均直径约为72,74μm(这是因为当峰值电流增大时,电弧的电流密度随之增大,电弧的轴向等离子流力也会相应增大(等离子流力有两个作用,一方面对熔池产生了附加压力,导致形核质点数目
,8,9,
;另一方面对焊接熔池的增长,进而使晶粒细化
,10,
产生搅拌,使熔池内金属产生较强的对流(对流
首先,将熔合区附近部分已结晶的晶粒有三重作用,打碎,形成新的形核质点,从而使形核率增加;其次,将熔合区附近的部分未熔的高熔点化合物如TiN等带入焊缝中心,成为非均匀形核质点,增加了形核率;此外,还加快了溶池中心金属液体的散热,使熔池内温度更加均匀,抑制了枝晶的生长,促进了非均匀形核(
表2Table2
峰值电流Ip/A200250
图2
Fig.2
rent
不同峰值电流下的金相组织
Metallographicstructureunderdifferentpeakcur-
不同峰值电流下的工艺参数和晶粒尺寸
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Weldingparametersandgrainsizeunderdiffer-entpeakcurrent
基值电流Ib/A4040
占空比D,(%)5050
频率
热输入
平均直径D/μm79,8372,74
f/Hzq/(kJ?cm,1)22
4(325(22
而使得过冷度较小所致(晶粒度与形核率及长大速度之间的关系为
N
ZS=1(1
G
()
?
1(1)
?
式中:ZS为单位面积中晶粒数目;N为形核率;G为长大速度(
表3Table3
不同基值电流下的工艺参数和晶粒尺寸
由以上分析及试验结果可见,在Inconel601H镍基合金的脉冲TIG焊中,适当采用较高的峰值电流,可以有助于焊缝晶粒细化(2(2—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
基值电流的影响
如表3和图3所示,当基值电流为20A时,焊缝中晶粒相对较细小,晶粒平均直径约为71,74μm,基值电流增加到40A时,焊缝中有部分晶粒明显增大,晶粒数目减少,测得晶粒平均直径约为80,83μm(这一现象是因为随着基值电流的增加,工件的热输入也会随之增加,
熔池的冷却速度变慢从
Weldingparametersandgrainsizeunderdiffer-entbackgroundcurrent
峰值电流Ip/A200200
基值电流Ib/A2040
占空比D,(%)7070
频率22
热输入5(265(47
平均直径D/μm71,7480,83
f/Hzq/(kJ?cm,1)
在过冷范围内,过冷度增大,形核率和长大速度
均随之增加,但形核率的增长率大于长大速度的增
第4期王涛,等:脉冲TIG焊接工艺参数对Inconel601H镍基合金焊缝晶粒大小的影响111
长率,因而晶粒越细则单位面积中晶核数目越多,
,11,
小(弧收缩程度增强,电弧压力增大,形核质点增,8,9, —————————————————————————————————————————————————————
;同时,脉冲频率的增加会增加单位时间内峰多
值电流引起的较大电弧轴向等离子流力对熔池的作用次数,具有更强烈的电磁搅拌作用,使已结晶的晶粒破碎,导致晶粒数目增加
(
图3
Fig.3
不同基值电流下的金相组织
Metallographicstructureunderdifferentback-groundcurrent
由以上分析及试验结果可见,在Inconel601H
镍基合金的脉冲TIG焊中,适当采用较小的基值电流,可以有助于焊缝晶粒细化(2(3脉冲频率f的影响
如表4和图4所示,当脉冲频率为0Hz时,焊缝中晶粒尺寸较大,晶粒平均直径约为92,95μm;当脉冲频率为2Hz时,焊缝中部分晶粒尺寸减小,且晶粒数量略有增多,晶粒平均直径约为88,90μm;随着脉冲频率增加到20Hz时,焊缝中晶粒尺寸进一步减小,晶粒数目明显增加,晶粒平均直径约为73,76μm(这是因为随着脉冲频率的增加,电
表4Table4
不同频率下的焊接工艺参数和晶粒尺寸
图4
Fig.4
quency
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
不同频率下的金相组织
Metallographicstructureunderdifferentpulsefre-
Weldingparametersandgrainsizeunderdiffer-entpulsefrequency
由以上分析及试验结果可见,在Inconel601H
镍基合金的脉冲TIG焊中,适当采用较高的脉冲频率,可以有助于焊缝晶粒细化(2(4占空比D,的影响
为控制热输入不变,调整基值电流伴随占空比的升高而降低,如表5和图5所示(当占空比为20%时,焊缝中大部分晶粒较大,晶粒平均直径约为
峰值电流Ip/A120160160
基值电流Ib/A1208080
占空比D,(%)505050
频率0220
热输入4(324(324(32
平均直径D/μm92,9588,9073,76
f/Hzq/(kJ?cm,1)
112焊接学报第36卷
86,89μm;占空比增加到70%时,焊缝中大部分晶粒尺寸明显减小,晶粒数目明显增多,晶粒平均直径约为76,78μm(这是由于当占空比提高时,峰值电流持续时间长,基值电流持续时间短,则峰值电流对焊缝熔池金属的搅拌作用和压力作用时间长,因此占空比大时晶粒较细(
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
表5Table5
峰值电流Ip/A160160
在参数的一定范围内,随着峰值电流、脉冲频率及占空比的提高,晶粒细化效果明显;随着基值电流的提高,晶粒趋于长大(
(2)在Inconel601H镍基合金的脉冲TIG焊中,采取适当的工艺参数可以有助于改善焊缝晶粒粗大的问题,使接头性能会得到一定的改善,对提高焊接质量有利(
不同占空比下的焊接工艺参数和晶粒尺寸
Weldingparametersandgrainsizeunderdiffer-entpulseontime
基值电流Ib/A11026
占空比D,(%)2070
频率22
热输入4(324(31
平均直径D/μm86,8976,
78
f/Hzq/(kJ?cm,1)
参考文献:
,1,冶,2,
1978(军(美国镍基高温合金,M,(北京:科学出版社,
BetteridgeW(Thenimonicalloys,M,(London:EdwardAr-nold,1974(
,3,LapinJ,PelachováT(Microstructureandmechanicalproperties
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
ofwroughtaluminiumalloypreparedbyrecyclingofaluminiummatrixcompo
sitesreinforcedwithInconel601fibres
,J,(Materi-alsScienceandEngineering,1999,271(1):266,274(,4,
Gonzalez-,oDiguezJG,
FionovaL(Theeffectofstructuralevolu-tioninINCONEL601onintergranular
corrosion,J,(MaterialsChemistryandPhysics,1998,56(1):70,73(
M,(哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,5,杨春利,林三宝(电弧焊基
础,
2003(出版社,,6,王生希,宋
刚,刘黎明(镁合金交流TIG和脉冲TIG组织
(焊接学报,2006,27(9):63,66(性能分析,J,
WangShengxi,SongGang,
LiuLiming(Microstructureandpropertyanalysisofmagnesiumalloywelded
withACTIGweldingandpulsedTIGwelding
,J,(TransactionsoftheChinaWeldingInstitution,2006,27(9):63
,66(,7,郑
炜,武传松,吴
林(脉冲TIG焊接熔池流场与热场动
J,(焊接学报,1997,18(4):37,41(态过程的数值模拟,
ZhengWei,WuChuansong,
WuLin(Numericalsimulationfortransientbehavioroffluidflowandheattra
——————————————————————————————————————————————————
———
nsferinpulsedcurrentTIGweldpool,J,(TransactionsoftheChinaWeldingInstitu-tion,1997,18(4):37,41(
(张锦升,等译(,8,巴迪舍夫(金属和合金在压力下结晶,M,
1987(哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,,9,周方明,钱乙余,张
景,等(钽薄壁管GTA焊接接头晶粒
J,(焊接学报,2006,27(6):41,44(细化机理,
ZhouFangming,QianYiyu,ZhangJing,etal(Grainrefinement
图5
Fig.5
time
不同占空比下的金相组织
mechanismofgastungstenarcweldedjointoftantalumthinwalledtube
,J,(TransactionsoftheChinaWeldingInstitution,2006,27(6):41,44(
,10,,eddyGM,
MohandasT(Explorativestudiesongrainrefine-mentofferriticstainlessste
elwelds,J,(JournalofMaterialsSci-enceLetters,2001,20(8):721,723(
,11,崔忠圻,覃耀春(金属学与热处理,M,(北京:机械工业出
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
2007(版社,
Metallographicstructureunderdifferentpulseon
在Inconel601H由以上分析及试验结果可见,
镍基合金的脉冲TIG焊中,适当采用较大的占空比,可以有助于焊缝晶粒细化(
3结论
作者简介:王
1988年出生,涛,女,硕士研究生(主要从事焊接
冶金及焊接工艺方面的研究工作(Email:wt332889119@126(com
(1)在Inconel601H镍基合金的脉冲TIG焊中,
通讯作者:郑振太,男,教授(
Email:zzt@hebut(edu(cn
?
MAINTOPICS,ABST,ACTS,KEYWO,DS2015,Vol(36,No(4
withtheincreaseofpreheatingtemperature,
theHICfeaturesdisappearedgradually(
Keywords:
preheatingtemperature;implanttest;cold
crackingsensitivity;fracturemorphology
Effectofyttriumoxideonmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesofinhighs
trengthsteelweldmetal
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
LIU,en-pei,CAIYongchuan,WEIYanhong,CHENGZhonggeng(Col-legeofMaterialsScienceandTechnology,
NanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics,Nanjing211106,China)(pp92,96
Abstract:
BasedonNi-Cr-Mo-Valloysystem,theeffect
880?/10minand880?/60min,
respectively(Theworkpiec-esweremetallurgicallybonded,
andtheshearstrengthofthere-sultantjointsundertwoconditionswas52(4MPaand61(3MPa,
respectively(Themicroscopicanalysisresultsshowthataconsecutivediffusi
onlayerappearedneartheceramicssubstrate(OnthebasisofX,
Dmeasurement,
thelayerwasmainlycom-posedofCuAl2O4andTiOphases(ThebrazedseamconsistedofCu(s,s),Ag(s,s)andTiOPhases(
Keywords:sionreactionlayer
Effectofhigh-temperatureweldingonfatiguelifeof2(25Cr1Mosteeljoint
YINChengjiang1,SONGTianmin2,
LIWanli3(1(NortheastPetroleumUniversity,Daqing163318,China;2(LiaoningShihuaUniversity,Fushun113001,China;
3(FourthConstructionCompanyofChinaPetrochemicalCorpo-ration,—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Tianjin300270,China)(pp106,108
Abstract:
High-temperatureweldingof1(25Cr0(5Mo
steelatdifferenttemperatures(550?,650?,750?and850?)
wascarriedout(,
esidualstressmeasurementandfatigueexperimentsweredoneafterweldingatroomandhightempera-tures,
respectively(Themaximumlongitudinalandtransversere-sidualstressesinheat-affectedzoneofhigh-temperatureweldedspecimensweresignificantlyreduced,comparingtothoseatroomtemperature,
thereductionrateforlongitudinalandtransversere-sidualstresswas50(1%,
48(9%,74(8%,67(4%,83(9%,79(4%,91%and89(7%,
respectively(Theaveragefatiguelifewasimproved31(02%,38(84%,
47(23%and62(28%,
respectively(Theresultsshowthathigh-temperatureweldingcansignificantlyreduceresidualstressandimprovethefatiguelifeoftheweldedjoint(
Keywords:fatiguelife
EffectofweldingparametersongrainsizeinInconel601Hnickel-basedalloyweldbyP-TIGwelding
WANGTao,
ZHENGZhentai,DONGTianshun,ZHANGLisheng
——————————————————————————————————————————————————
———
(SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,
HebeiUniversityofTechnol-ogy,Tianjin300132,China)(pp109,112
Abstract:
Inordertocontrolthegrainsizeinnickel-basedalloyweld,
theeffectofweldingparametersonthegrainsizeintheweldwasstudied(Pulsetungsteninertgas(P-TIG)
weldingofInconel601Hnickel-basedalloywascarriedout(Withopticalmicroscope,
themicrostructureoftheweldwasobservedandthegrainsizewascalculated
(Theresultsshowthattheeffectofweldingparametersongrainsizeofthewel
dwasdifferentdur-ingP-TIGofInconel601Hnickel-basedalloy(Withincreaseofpeakweldingcurrent,pulsefrequencyandpulsedutyinacer-tainrange,thegrainrefinementwasobvious(However,
thegraintendedtogrowwiththeincreaseofbaseweldingcurrent(There-fore,thegraincoarseninginnickel-basedalloyweldcanbeim-provedusingproper
weldingparameters(
Keywords:
nickel-basedalloy;P-TIGwelding;process
parameters;grainrefinement
high-temperaturewelding;residualstress;MgAl2O4;AgCuTi;
vacuumbrazing;diffu-
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
ofyttriumoxideonmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesofweldmadewith800MPahighstrengthsteelelectrodewasinves-tigated(Experimentalres
ultsshowthat,astheY2O3contentchangedin0,0(02%,
withtheincreaseofY2O3content,theproeutectoidferritecontentreduced,
theacicularferritecontentincreased,
andthestrengthandlow-temperatureimpacttough-nessincreasedgradually(WhentheY2O3contentwas0(02%,
thelow-temperatureimpacttoughnessofweldmetalreachedthemaximum(WhentheY2O3contentwasover0(02%,
theacicu-larferritecontentintheweldreduced,
andthelow-temperatureimpacttoughnessdecreased(Therefore,
theoptimumY2O3con-tentforhighstrengthsteelelectrodeisabout0(02%(
Keywords:
yttriumoxide;800MPahigh-strengthsteel
electrode;acicularferrite;
low-temperatureimpacttoughnessTheorysolutionofweldtoestressandstrainofweldjointundercyclicloadinginplanestressconditionGang
1,2
2
2
XUE
1
——————————————————————————————————————————————————
———
,WANGTao,GONGXuhui,FANGHongyuan(1(
StateKeyLaboratoryofAdvancedWeldingandJoining,
HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150001,China;
2(LuoyangShipMaterial,esearchInstitute,Luoyang471023,
China)(pp97,100,105
Abstract:
Atheoreticalmethodwasproposedtoprecisely
predictstressandstraininweldtoeofbuttjointundercyclicloadinginplanestresscondition,
basedonelastic-plasticme-chanicstheory(Theanalyticalsolutionsofstress
andstraininweldtoeofbuttjointundercyclicloadinginplanestresscondi-tionwereobtained(Thestressandstraininweldtoecouldbecalculatedbyanalyticalsolutionwhenthematerialproperties,
loadvalueandstressconcentrationfactorontheweldtoewereknown(Thepr
oposedmethodcouldpredictfatiguefailureofwel-dedjointundercyclicloading(
Keywords:
cyclicloading;planestress;stressand
strainatweldtoe;analyticalsolution
VacuumbrazingofMgAl2O4transparentceramicswithAgCuTiactivefillermet——————————————————————————————————————————————————
———
al
2ZHUChengjun1,,SHANG
Changpei1(1(HenanPloytechnicalInstitute,Nanyang473009,China;
2(SchoolofMechatronicsEngineering,WuhanUniversi-tyofTechnology,
Wuhan430070,China)(pp101,105
Abstract:
MgAl2O4transparentceramicswerevacuum
brazedwithAgCuTiactivefillermetalfoilunderconditionsof
——————————————————————————————————————————————————
———