初中英语四种时态复习要点

初中英语四种时态复习要点 www.zk5u.com 中考资源网 初中英语四种时态复习要点 v-ing形式用法 v-ing形式是英语中非谓语动词的一种,它在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。 一、 v-ing形式作主语 表示泛指意义的行为。谓语动词要用第三人称单数。如: Saving money is a good habit. 二、 v-ing形式作宾语 1. 有些动词后常跟v-ing形式作宾语,常见的有finish, practice, enjoy, suggest, keep, mind, advise等。如: A young man practiced speaking English with Mr. Green just now. 2. 有些动词词组或某些结构后常跟v-ing形式,常见的有give up, look forward to, feel like, pay attention to, put off, succeed in, be / get used to, can’t help, be interested in, be afraid of, be busy等。如: He gave up smoking in the end. [友情提示] 1. 某些动词后既可跟动词不定式,也可跟v-ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同,常见的有remember to do sth. (记住去做某事), remember doing sth. (记得做过某事);forget to do sth. (忘记去做某事), forget doing sth.( 忘记做过某事); stop to do sth. (停下来去做另一件事), stop doing sth (停止做某事); try to do sth.(尽力做某事), try doing sth.(尝试做某事)等。 2. 还有一些动词后面既可跟动词不定式,也可跟v-ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思无多大区别,常见的有love, like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue等。 三、 v-ing形式作宾语补足语 通常表示动作正在进行,能带这类结构的动词多为感官动词(如see, watch, hear等)以及某些使役动词(如keep, get 等)。如: I saw him walking into the hall. [友情提示] v-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别是:v-ing形式表示动作正在进行,而动词不定式表示动作的完成。如: I heard her singing in the next room.(我听到她正在唱歌) - 1 - 中考资源网期待您的投稿～zkzyw@163.com www.zk5u.com 中考资源网 I heard her sing in the next room. (我听到她唱歌了) 四、 v-ing形式作表语 v-ing形式作表语说明主语的性质或状况。如: My hobby is reading. 五、 v-ing形式作定语 v-ing形式作定语表示用途,常放在所修饰词的前面。如: He is now in the sleeping car. 他现在在卧铺车里。 [跟踪练习] 选出最佳选项。 ( )1. It’s a good habit to practice ________ English aloud every morning. A. to read B. reading C. in reading D. to be reading ( )2. _____________ is bad for our health. A. To do eye exercises B. Go to bed early C. Eating too much D. Taking a walk after lunch ( )3. —Let’s have a rest, shall we? —Not now. I don’t want to stop _______ the letter yet. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write ( )4. I’m sorry to have kept you _________ for almost two hours. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited ( )5. The worker is busy _________ in the workplace. A. work B. to work C. works D. working ( )6. —Do you still remember _________ me some-where in Shanghai? —Yes, of course. Two years ago. A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw - 2 - 中考资源网期待您的投稿～zkzyw@163.com www.zk5u.com 中考资源网 Key: 1-6 BCCCDC 一般过去时复习要点 1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如: Mr. Smith arrived in China yesterday. 2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如: He often came to see me a few years ago. [友情链接]“used to+ 动词原形”也常用来表示现在已不复存在的过去的习惯或状态。如: He used to smoke a lot, but now he doesn’t. 3. 如不是强调先后、因果等关系,常可用一般过去时表示“过去的过去”。如: I saw what he wrote. 4. 如果主句的时态为一般过去时,则宾语从句常采用相应的过去时态来呼应。如: I didn’t know you were here. 5. 与一般过去时经常搭配的时间状语有: ?yesterday或由其构成的短语。如: yesterday morning, the day before yesterday等。 ?由last开头构成的短语。如: last year, last month等。 ?由ago结尾构成的短语。如: an hour ago, a moment ago等。 ?由“介词+过去时间”构成的短语。如:in 1999, at that time等。 ?today, this week, this year等也可与一般过去时连用,但它们必须指过去,决不包括“现在”在内。 ?其它词。如:then, just now, once等。此外,也可以根据上下文或语境中所暗示的时间来判断出一般过去时。如: I saw him in town. 现在进行时复习要点 1. 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如: The telephone is ringing. Would you answer it, please? - 3 - 中考资源网期待您的投稿～zkzyw@163.com www.zk5u.com 中考资源网 2. 表示一种目前的或现阶段临时的情况。如: I’m not sleeping well. I want to take a holiday. 3. 表示位置移动的动词arrive, come, go, leave, start, stay, begin, return等常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。如: When are you starting? 另外,还有不少的动词,其现在进行时也可以表示按 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 、安排“即将发生的动作”。如: We are visiting our aunt tomorrow. 含有批评或表扬的色彩。如: 4. 现在进行时与always, usually等连用时,表示反复发生的动作, John is always coming late. 5. 表示状态、情感、感觉等的静态动词和短暂性动词,通常不用于进行时态。如: know, have(有), want, hate, think, like, hope, believe, see, hear等。 6. 与现在进行时经常搭配的时间状语有:now, at present, at the moment, these days等。此外,Look!或Listen!等也是判断现在进行时的标志。 一般将来时复习要点 1. 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时由“助动词shall / will+动词原形”构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二和第三人称。但现在,尤其在美国,不管什么人称,一般都用will。如: We will use it for cleaning the inside of the ship. 2. 一般将来时也可由“be going to+动词原形”构成。be going to与will的区别在于: ?be going to表示“经过事先考虑的意图或计划”,而will可以表示“随时的意图”。如: They are going to get married next year. There is somebody at the door. I’ll go and open it. ?be going to表示即将发生的事或不久的将来要发生的事,而will除此之外还可以表示很遥远的事。如: Help! I’m going to fall. What will happen in a hundred years? ?be going to表示根据目前的某种迹象作出的预计、推断、预测,这时一般不用will。如: Look at these clouds. It’s going to rain. - 4 - 中考资源网期待您的投稿～zkzyw@163.com www.zk5u.com 中考资源网 ?be going to只用于口语,而will既可用于口语,又可用于书面语。 3. “be about to+动词原形”、“be to+动词原形”等结构也可表示将来,但目前在初中阶段我们 只作了解而不作进一步的探究。 【提示】 常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:tomorrow, next week, soon, this evening, later (on), in a month, next time, from now on等。 - 5 - 中考资源网期待您的投稿～zkzyw@163.com