英语四级翻译技巧

英语四级翻译技巧 英语四级翻译练习 翻译题型有三大考点: 1. 固定搭配考点:名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与 介词搭配，固定词组以及固定表达 2. 核心语法考点:虚拟语气，倒装结构、从句、非谓语动词等。 3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。 虚拟语气 虚拟语气一:由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反:[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do ] (2). 与过去的事实相反:[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done ] (3). 与将来的事实可能相反:[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do ] 虚拟语气二:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为:“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有: insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁 愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的 宾语从句中。 虚拟语气第三种:用在表示必须、重要、令人惊奇、可能(不可能)等意义的形容词作表语 的句型中“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中 用 should + 动词原形 虚拟语气四:用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过 去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed .咱们该睡觉了。 注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或 high(表示“强调”) 等。 虚拟语气五 对过去的事实进行推测由might/ could/ must/ couldn’t have done/ been 对目前的状态推测 might/ may/ must be 虚拟语气六 表示“本应该”、“本来可能” 发生而实际并没有发生的情况: should/ could/might have done He might have caught the flight to Tokyo, but he was delayed by a traffic jam. 倒装 1(当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用 正常语序。 Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有当你 获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。 2(never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。 这类词或词组常用的有:never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither „(nor), no sooner„(than), hardly„(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not only„but also等。 倒装2 3(the more„, the more结构中的倒装。 4(倒装让步句型 ? 形式一:表语+as +主语(代词)+系动词，+主句 Proud as these nobles are ，they are afraid to see you. ? 形式二:表语+系动词+主语(名词)，+主句 Nobody knows such is Albert Einstein,a great physicist ? 形式三:副词或动词原型+as+主语„，+主句 Try as we might, we could not accomplish it on time. 强调句 1(It is/was +被强调部分+that/who„ 注意: ?强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化; ?被强调部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情况用that(常识性知识，一般不作为考点)。 ?在not„until句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，构成It is not until„that结构。 ?强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since, as或why引导。 It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation. 否定句 (一): 部分否定句 概括词 all, both, every, everybody , everything, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely和wholly等。 There is a famous proverb saying that all that glitters is not gold. Don’t you be told that _ both of the books are not helpful _(这两本书并非都是有益的) Although most people like music,__ everyone don’t want to go to the concert(但并非人人都想去听音乐会) (二): 完全否定句 no, none, nobody, nowhere, neither, never等否定词+肯定式谓语 All his plan came to nothing __(他的一切 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 都泡汤了),so don’t count on his fulfilling the task on time. He is so excited that none of the words can describe his feelings(他此时此刻的心情是无法用语言来形容的) (三): 双重否定句 ?其形式一为:主语+cannot+ help/refrain/ keep+ from+动名词，具有双重否定的意义。 Having won the gold medal,_ he could not refrain from showing his pleasure._(他禁不住喜形于色) ?其形式二为:主语+cannot+ but/choose but/help but+动词原形。 We could not help but look for another one to stay in.__(我们别无选择只好另投旅馆住宿)，since all the hotels here are with signs “Be Booked Up”. ?其形式三为:(There be)no+主语+but+谓语。在此句型中，but是关系代词，即代替前面的名词，又引导后面的从句，并且具有否定意义。 He is so devoted to his experiment that not a man/no man but felt his love to his career (没有人感觉不到他对事业的热爱)。 1.We could not help laughing (我们忍不住笑起来)when he finished the story. 2. One cannot but be moved by his deeds (人们不能不被他的事迹所感动)after knowing the bachelor has adopted five orphans. 3. Don’t always stick to routines ,and you must know there is no rule but has its exceptions ___(没有无例外的规则) 倍数表示句型 ?形式一:主语+be+倍数+that of+被比较对象或as+形容词+as+被比较对象 By that time we shall produce four times as much grain as we did in 2006 (生产的粮食将增加3倍)。 ?形式二:主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+compared with+被比较对象 The new building’s area will be attain to 2 times of the old one_(将是旧楼的两倍)。 ?形式三:主语+increase+(by)百分数+compared with The output of June in our factory increased by 150% compared with that of May . 1. The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year (与去年相比增加了50%) 2. The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one (是以前的四倍大). 3. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced twice as many trucks in 2000 as the year before (2000年能生产的卡车是往年的两倍) 四级翻译练习 Test 1 87 ______________无论是谁申请这份工作，he/ she must take the written exam. 88. Only with the help of your father_______________你才能买得起一幢大房子。 89 If you have any position available, please_______________在你方便的时候联系我。 90. Things are going from bad to worse, and______________________当局应该立刻采取行动。 91.我本可以昨天提交报告，___________________but my computer broke down. Keys to Test 1 87. No matter who/ Whoever applies for the job. 88. can you afford a big house. 89.contact me at your convenience/ when it is convenient to you. 90.the authorities should take immediate action. 91. I could have handed in / submitted the report yesterday. Test 2 87. With the efforts from the government, such problem_________________必将逐步得到解决. 88. _____________________________使用核能的一个优点 is that it won’t cause air pollution. 89. After your operation, wear sunglasses and________________不要把眼睛暴露在太阳之下。 90. He is so mean that under no circumstances______________________我向他寻求帮助。 91. There is no denying the fact that___________________社会的进步是建立在和谐基础上的。 Keys to Test 2 87. will certainly be solved step by step. 88. An advantage of using nuclear energy. 89. don’t expose your eyes to the sun. 90. shall/ will I turn to him for help. 91. the progress of the society is based on harmony. Test 3 87. This supermarket put commodities of bad quality on shelves, which_______________________________________损害了消费者的利益。 88. He is running for president, and for him____________没有比这一次选举更重要的事了now. 89. Nowadays many big cities in the world______________________不得不遭受交通堵塞之苦. 90. You should know how to overcome the difficulties you meet, and ___________________________________________________怎样让自己去适应新的环境。 91.Never____________________我不会放弃我的梦想even though the whole world are against me. Keys to Test 3 87.harms the interests of consumers. 88. nothing is more important than this election 89.have to suffer from traffic jam 90.how to adjust/ adapt yourself to the new environment. 91.will I give up/ abandon my dreams. Test 4 87. As is known to all, toys______________________对于我们的童年是不可或缺的。 88.What he said __________________唤起了听众的同情，and they all began to give money to him. 89.The greater the population in the world, _______________________消耗的食物就越多。 90. You are a big boy now, and you should learn _____________怎样在学习与玩之间保持平衡。 91.无论你给他多少建议，________________________________he still does what he wants. Keys to Test 4 87. are indispensable to our childhood. 88. aroused the sympathy of/ from the audience. 89. the more food is being consumed. 90. how to keep the balance between study and play. 91. No matter how much advice you give him. Test 5 87.__________________________________随着工商业的发展, the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced. 88.Travel can widen our knowledge,________________________扩大我们的眼界, and make one open-minded as well. 89.Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities,____________________________这已经 对环境造成了严重的污染. 90.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long as we _____________________坚持认为 that economic development is the center of all our work. 91.He was convinced on the basis of ___________________________当时已出现的情况 that there would be a long and difficult struggle. Keys to Test 5 87.With industries and business developing quickly 88.broaden our horizon 89.which has seriously polluted the environment 90.hold on the idea / insist on the idea / stick to the idea 91.what had appeared by then Test 6 87. ________________________我原以为自己会被奖励，but in fact I got nothing. 88. Last year a large amount of money _________________________花在环境保护上. 89. In view of his good records and work experience ___________________________我毫无保 留地向您推荐他. 90. This novel is well received by the readers, and _________________________据说已经被翻 译成了英语. 91. This place____________________________________________以其优美的景色给我留下 了深刻的印象, and I wish to go there again. Keys to Test 6 87. had thought that I would be awarded 88. was spent on environmental protection 89. recommend him to you without reservation 90(is said to have been translated into English. 91. impressed me deeply with its beautiful scenery. Test 7 87._______________________________无论我们遇到怎样的困难, I am sure we can overcome it. 88. Though she has bought many clothes, she is always___________________________抱怨缺 少合适的衣服. 89. It is surprising that he ______________________________竟然责骂他的女朋友in the street. 90.The actor as well as his assistants_____________________________正在去机场的路上. 91.She failed in the math exam again, which has made her_________________________________失去了在数学方面的信心. Keys to Test 7 87. No matter what difficulty we may encounter 88. complaining about / of lacking suitable clothes 89. should scold his girlfriend 90.is on his way to the airport 91.lose her confidence in math Test 8 87. He was arrested by the police because he___________________ 对这场交通事故负有责任。 88. He could not arrive on time, and____________________________不得不再安排一次约定会 面with the dentist. 89. You____________________________ 本不必亲自道歉 because I have got your letter yesterday. 90. Being an honest, he______________________________宁愿不及格也不作弊 in the exam. 91. If you want to be a salesman, you have to _______________________习惯同陌生人打交道。 Keys to Test 8 87. was responsible for the traffic accident 88. had to arrange for another appointment 89. need not have apologized in person 90. would rather fail than cheat 91. get accustomed/ used to dealing with strangers. Test 9 82. The room is in a terrible mess, so it_____________________________肯定没有打扫过。 83. The traffic police told the surrounding people that the truck driver________________________________对这起严重的交通事故负责任。 84. Many big cities in the world____________________________正面临这淡水资源短缺的问 题 85. We’d better struggle for the future__________________________而不是为过去而懊悔。 86. _______________________________给我印象最深的were her liveliness and sense of humor. Keys to Test 9 82. can’t have been cleaned 83. should be responsible for the serious traffic accident 84. are facing the problem of lack/ shortage of water resources. 85. rather than regret for the past 86. What impressed me most Test 10 87. This is one of the many houses here which_____________________在暴风雨中损坏的。 88. We should build more museums and galleries to______________________满足人们日益增 长的需求。 89. This kind of computer virus will______________________________对网络安全造成威胁。 90. We will keep your application on file and___________________________ 随时通知你空缺 的职位。 91. In fact, it is advisable that 我们提前完成项目。 Keys to Test 10 87. were destroyed in the storm 88.meet the growing/ increasing needs / demand of people 89. pose a treat to network security 90. inform you of the opening at any time 91 we (should) finish/ complete the project ahead of time/ in advance. Test 11 87. It is reported that_________________________ ( 在一系列丑闻之后) he finally resigned. 88. ___________________一想到面试,she will become extremely nervous. 89. It was a miracle that he _________________________在半年前的空难中幸存。 90. I am writing to apologize for ___________________没有提前打电话取消会议。 91. Medical evidence suggests that___________________________________大多数人会享有更 健康的身体 if they eat less refined food. Test 11 Keys 87. after a series of scandals. 88. At the thought of the interview 89. survived the air crash half a year ago. 90. not calling in advance/ ahead of time to cancel the meeting 91. most people can enjoy better health Test12 87. I just met her a few days before, and I don’t know _____________________她和室友相处的 怎么样。. 88. I am very tired, and have to ___________________每两三个台阶停下来休息。 89. It is high time he 在这个大选年履行早先的承诺。 , 90. ______________________________冒着破产的危险, he invested all his money in this factory. 91. The political crisis ____________________________严重影响了社会稳定 in this country. Test 12 Keys 87. how she gets along with her roommates 88. stop to rest every four or three steps 89. fulfilled/ carried out his early promises in this election year 90. At the risk of going bankrupt/ Running the risk of going bankrupt 91. has seriously affected social stability Test13 87. Our only request is that________________________这个争端被尽快解决 88. His girl friend left him because he_____________________对她遭受的痛苦漠不关心 89. ________________________据估计到2010年, the population of the world will have reached 7 billion. 90. This comprehensive test is intended to______________________巩固你所学的in the past few weeks. 91. If you think you are fit for this job, you can______________________________在月底之前 在线提交简历。 Test13 Keys 87. this dispute (should) be settled as soon as possible 88.was indifferent to her sufferings 89. It is estimated that by 2010 90. reinforce what you have learnt 91.submit your resume on line before the end of this month Test14 87. After several rounds of discussion, we finally_________________________在自由贸易问题上达成了协议 88. Cultural invasion is likely to___________________________对文化多样性产生消极的影响 . 89. He is one of the boys who ____________________很难打定主意 in his class. 90. He ________________________夸大了这个手术的危险 in order to frighten the patient into not taking it. 91. It is with great pleasure that I hear of your promotion, please ________________________接受我诚挚的祝贺。 Test 14 Keys 87. reached / arrived/ came to/ concluded an agreement on free trade 88. have negative effects/ a negative effect on cultural diversity 89. have trouble in making up their minds 90. exaggerated the dangers of this operation. 91. accept my sincere congratulations Test 15 87.As is known to all, people who smoke ___________________________更可能得肺部疾病。 88. He _____________________________为说了谎话而内疚, so he went to apologize to her. 89.In the past several years, _________________________粮食产量增长了10% in this area. 90.What he thought and did at school __________________________与这个问题毫无关系. 91.This reference letter is provided ______________________________应我以前的雇员的要求 Test 15 Keys 87. are more likely to get lung diseases 88.was guilty about/ for having told a tie 89. the grain yield/ output has increased by 10% 90. have nothing to do with this problem 91. at the request of my formal employee Test 16 87. He went to the new shopping mall, and_____________________________以八折的价钱买了一套西服 . 88. That man over there is _________________________最有天分的建筑师之一in this country. 89. Now that he is here, you _________________________________不妨表达自己的观点 . 90. Not until all the fish died in this river__________________人们才意识到污染有多么严重 . 91. If you are interested in this job, please___________________把简历发电子邮件到下述地址. Test 16 Keys 87. bought a suit at a 20% discount 88. one of the most talented architects 89.may/ might as well express your own views/ opinions 90. did people realize how serious the pollution was 91. email your resume to the following address. Test 17 87. __________________________________出席的代表agreed to his motion. 88. We feel like _______________________截获了正全速驶向珍珠港的日本航空母舰。 89. He is来自拉斯维加斯的合法酒类销售商 . 90. ____________________________________________他们打算解雇你. It’s out of our hands. 91. She didn’t come to fit in，_______________________________她之所以来纽约的目的就是 要有所作为。 Test17 Keys 87. The representatives present 88. we caught the Japan carrier steaming for Pearl Harbor. 89. a legal liquor salesman from Lasvegas . 90.They are letting you go. 91. and she came to New York because she wanted to make a difference. / do sth. Test 18 87. ______________________________鉴于大多数经济学家认为that raising the minimum wage is bad for our economy, do you think it is wise to keep increasing the minimum wage? 88. A decreasing number of today’s workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field,______________________________更不用说是同一家公司了。 89. Most news organization’s Web sites are accessible, BBC___________________________________是一个值得注意的例外。 90. It is generally not advisable that_______________________________________小孩在低年 级时学习两门外语。 91.The medicine should be kept孩子够不到的地方。 Test 18 Keys 87. Given that a majority of the economists feel 88. let alone the same company 89. with the BBC Web site being notable exception 90. a child study two foreign languages in a lower grade 91. beyond the reach of children