中国地形剖面图

中国地形剖面图 中国典型地形剖面图 一、中国主要地形区的海拔高度: 表1:中国主要山脉平均海拔表 山脉走向 山脉名称 平均海拔(米) 山脉名称 平均海拔(米) 天山 阴山 3000,5000 1000,2000 昆仑山 秦岭 5000,7000 2000,3000 东西走向 南岭 1000 大兴安岭 太行山 1500 1500,2000 巫山 雪峰山 1000 1000 东北-西南 长白山 武夷山 > 1000 1000,1500 走向 台湾山脉 3000,3500 弧形走向 喜马拉雅山 >6000 南北走向 横断山脉 贺兰山 2000,6000 2000,2500 六盘山 >2500 阿尔泰山 喀喇昆仑山 西北-东南 1000,3500 6000 走向 祁连山 冈底斯山 >4000 6000 表2:我国主要高原、平原、盆地平均海拔表 地形区 平均海拔(米) 地形区 平均海拔(米) 青藏高原 藏北高原 4000,5000 4500 内蒙古高原 呼伦贝尔高原 1000,2000 700,1000 黄土高原 阿拉善高原 1000,2000 1300 云贵高原 鄂尔多斯高原 1000,2000 1000,1300 东北平原 两湖平原 <200 50 华北平原 鄱阳湖平原 <50 <50 皖中平原 长江三角洲 20 <10 珠江三角洲 台南平原 50 <100 河套平原 宁夏平原 1000 1100,1200 成都平原 渭河平原 600 500 塔里木盆地 准噶尔盆地 800,1300 500,1000 柴达木盆地 四川盆地 2700,3000 400,800 吐鲁番盆地 南阳盆地 最低,155 <200 二、典型例题: 1.读“中国北回归线地形剖面图”，分析并回答下列问题: of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical (1)A为 江，正逐渐成为我国西南同 亚发展贸易的一条重要的河运通道。 (2)正常年份下，B河 月进入汛期，此时降雨类型为 雨。 (3)C市是 ，有我国著名的北回归线标志塔，也是我国对外开放的 之一。 (4)D、E有我国著名的有色金属矿产，其中D为 市，主要出产 矿，E为 市，通过该市的铁路是西南地区通往我国沿海地区最便捷的一条通道。 (5)F岛最主要的粮食作物是 ，种植最普遍的经济作物是 ，二者主要分 ，原因是 。 布在 (6)该岛是否多火山地震, 原因是: 。 2.读“中国北纬32度地形剖面图”分析并回答下列问题: (1)A位于地势第 级阶梯;?为 山; (2)B地形区百万人口以上的特大城市有: 和 ; (3)经过C地形区自西向东，南北向铁路干线依次是: ; (4)A、B、C三大地形区中，夏季气温最低的是 ，原因是: ;该地形区的东南呈现出亚热带风光，原因是: 。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical (5)A、B、C三地形区中种植甘蔗条件最好的是 ，原因是 。 (6)C地形区的主要粮食作物是 ，从可持续发展来看，该地形区发展农业迫切 需要解决的环境问题是 。 3.读下列“北纬42度地形剖面图”，回答问题: (1)将图中字母与其所属植被连线: A 森林草原带 B 草原带 半荒漠、荒漠地带 C D 荒漠、裸露荒漠地带 (2)图中自西向东载畜量的变化规律是 A.逐渐减少 B.逐渐增大 (3)在草原荒漠化中起决定作用的是 A.气候的演变 B.人类活动 4.读“沿东经89度经线的我国地形剖面图”，分析并回答: (1)在图下用符号“”标出我国地势第一阶梯和第二阶梯的范围并加注名称。 (2)图中A是 盆地，B是 盆地，C是 盆地。 (3)我国的 江经缅甸流入E，即 湾。 (4)D是 山脉，根据板块构造学说，它是由 板块和 板块相撞而形 成。 (5)F是 山脉，在气候上它是我国 区和 区的分界线。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 5.读“我国东北满洲里(49.5?N，117.5?E),绥芬河(44.5?N，131?E)一线的 地形剖面图，分析回答: (1)这条剖面线的走向是 ，D地形区的名称是 。 (2)A、B、C、D四地自然景观有明显差异，这种地域分异规律以 为基础。显示出陆地自然带的 地带性规律。 (3)A地属于 带，常可以看到斑点状的土地荒漠化现象，其原因是 ，荒漠化土地的扩散，通常是以 为中心成同心圆状扩散。 (4)在农业生产方面，C地主要发展 A.草原畜牧业 B.水田种植业 C.旱地种植业 D.山地畜牧业 (5)在B处可能见到的植物是 A.樟树 B.落叶松 C.马尾松 D.油棕 6.下面的剖面图XY切过A、B、C三条大河的河源段，分析并回答下列问题: 河源区径流(Ry)与全流域径流(Rq)的比值表 河名 Ry/Rq F 0.10 G 0.25 H 0.49 (1)A: 江 B: 江 C: 江 (2)我国在这里建立了“ ”国家级自然保护区。 (3)依据表中资料和所学知识，判断3条河流河源地区的径流量之和约占全国的 A.1/5 B.1/10 C.1/15 D.1/20 (4)该保护区草场退化严重，退化的原因是 A.过度放牧 B.过度农垦 C.过度樵采 D.滥砍滥伐 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 1 解析:本题主要考查识别和运用地形剖面图的能力及对中国北回归线经过地区地表分布状况的了解。命题的要求也是提示，再通过剖面图提供的信息进行分析，综合、全面分析至关重要。北回归线自西向东经过我国云南、广西、广东和台湾四省，沿线经过云南个旧锡矿区、广西平果铝土矿区、梧州(珠江流域)、汕头(经济特区)、台湾山脉主峰玉山。 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 :(1)澜沧江 东南亚 (2)5月 锋面雨 (3)汕头 经济特区 (4)个旧 锡 平果 南昆 (5)水稻 甘蔗 西部平原 地势低平，土壤肥沃，灌溉便利 (6)是 地处亚欧板块和太平洋板块交界处，地壳活动活跃 2 解析:本题是一个综合题，借北纬32度地形剖面图来考查三级阶梯内地形区的气候特征、农业特点和交通线路的知识，通过对地形知识的了解，知道图中所示第一阶梯是青藏高原、第二级阶梯是四川盆地、第三级阶梯是长江中下游平原。青藏高原因为地势高而成为我国夏季气温最低的地区，但东南部地区因受印度洋暖湿气流的影响，呈现亚热带景观。四川盆地内有我国百万人口以上大城市2个??成都和重庆，盆地北部有秦岭和大巴山的阻挡作用，冬暖夏热，适宜种植甘蔗，是我国蔗糖产地之一。长江中下游平原主要粮食作物是水稻，但洪涝灾害时有发生，水土流失严重，成为影响农业发展的主要问题。在平原区，南北纵向分布着焦柳、京广、京九、京沪四条铁路线，极大地促进了经济的发展。 答案:(1)一 巫山 (2)重庆 成都 (3)焦柳 京广 京九 京沪 (4)A 地势高 受印度洋暖湿气流的影响 (5)B 地处四川盆地，冬暖夏热，降水丰沛 (6)水稻 水土保持和防治洪涝灾害 3 解析:此题主要考查我国西北地区由于距太平洋的远近不同，自东向西降水量逐渐减少、植被发生相应变化、载畜量也相应降低的规律。据统计，在西北地区荒漠化土地面积中人类活动不当引起的占90%以上，可见人类活动在荒漠化发生和发展过程中起决定性作用。 答案:(1)A??荒漠、裸露荒漠地带 B??半荒漠、荒漠地带 C??草原带 D??森林草原带 (2)B (3)B 4 解析:本题的关键是根据地理坐标认定剖面的区位。根据东经89度经线可以判定该剖面的位置在我国西部地区，从剖面的地势起伏状态看，有三山夹两盆的地貌景观，最高处是“世界屋脊”青藏高原，南部属恒河平原至孟加拉湾。 答案:(1)略 (2)准噶尔 吐鲁番 塔里木 (3)怒江 孟加拉湾 (4)喜马拉雅山 印度洋 亚欧 (5)冈底斯山 季风 非季风 5 解析:据经纬度分析，此剖面为西北,东南走向，A为呼伦贝尔草原，过度放牧是造成草场退化的原因。在地表集水坑和放牧点井泉附近，通常集中了大群牲畜，过度放牧现象尤其严重。B为大兴安岭，大致是400毫米等降水量线经过之地，是半湿润区和半干旱区的分界线，也是第二级阶梯和第三级阶梯的分界线，还是内流区和外流区的分界线、季风区和非季风区的分界线。大兴安岭是我国天然森林宝库，生长着耐寒的落叶松、红松等针叶林和白桦、紫椴等落叶阔叶林。C为东北平原，以旱地种植业为主。D为长白山。从D到A，距海越来越远，降水量逐渐减少，逐渐由湿润、半湿润过渡到半干旱地区。 答案:(1)西北,东南走向 长白山 (2)水分 经度 (3)温带草原 过度放牧 井泉 (4)C (5)B of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 解析:P点是怒江源，Q点在P点的东北方向，QP大部分在青海省境内，是澜沧江、长 江、黄河的发源地，有“中华水塔”之称，因为过度放牧，河源地区生态环境受到破坏，为 此，国家在此建立了“三江源”国家级自然保护区。要回答第三题，需要了解全国总径流量 和三条河的径流量，在讲初中地理《长江》一节时，了解到长江年径流量为10000亿立方米， 占全国的1/3，可知我国总径流量约为30000亿立方米。黄河的径流量约为500亿立方米， 澜沧江径流量约为600亿立方米。10000亿×0.25+600亿×0.10+500亿×0.49=2800亿立方米，约为全国总径流量的1/10。 答案:(1)澜沧江 长江 黄河 (2)三江源 (3)B (4)A of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical