高一英语语法

高一英语语法 高一英语语法 一. 句子成分 ,一，句子成分的定义,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 ,二，主语,主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 We often speak English in class.(代词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to health.(动名词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language. ,三，谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语构成。如:We are students. ,四，表语,表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。 His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up. Class is over.(副词) ,五，宾语,宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) I think(thathe is fit for his office.(宾语从句) ) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)，例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)，例如:They elected him their monitor. ,六，宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的特征或状态的。 entering the room.(现在分词) We saw her We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) ,七，定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 beautiful city.(形容词) Guilin is a China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) ,八，状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示: Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) He is proud to have passed the examination.(不定式短语) He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) ,九， 同位语,用来说明或者解释同一事物或人，通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。可由以下形式表示: Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody( ? 即时训练: 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分: 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 1 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Would you please tell me your address? 15. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 16. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 17. He noticed a man enter the room. 18. The apples tasted sweet. 二. 英语句子分类 一，句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 三. 简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+谓语(不及物动词):e.g. We work. 3、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. ? 即时训练:判断简单句的五种基本句型。 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 2 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. Would you please pass me the cup? 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city( 7. Trees turn green when spring comes. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9. All the students think highly of his teaching. 10. He asked us to sing an English song. 11. The idea sounds great. 12. We will make our school more beautiful. 13. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow. 14. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 15. The old man lives a lonely life. 四 . 定语从句讲解(1) (一)定义及相关术语 1(定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2(先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3(关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 (二)定语从句的分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。(非限) There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性) (二)关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词一览表 功能 用于限制性从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 作用 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 定语 whose ( = of whose ( = of whom) which) 3 1(who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2(whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man (whom / who) you met just now is my old friend. 3(Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4(that 指人时，相当于who 或whom;指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿, The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。 Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。 * 具体使用时还要注意下列问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 : 1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况: * 1) 当先行词是:all , any ,much; little; none; anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。 Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗, All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做。 * 2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如: That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop. 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food . 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 * 3)当先行词有:the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如: My necklace is not the only thing that's missing. 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。 * 4)当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重复。例如: Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁, * 5)当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如: The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known . 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。 2、只用which不用that的情况: * 1) 关系代词前有介词时; e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. * 2) 非限定性定语从句中;作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 e.g. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday * 3) 先行词本身是that时;e.g. The clock is that which tells the time 即时训练: 4 I will tell him all you told me at the ball. The only thing we could do was to wait. The first place we visited was the Great Wall. We talked about the people and the villages we remembered. 5(Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意:指物时，常用下列结构来代替: The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? (三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 ? 即时训练: 一、请 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 一下定语从句:( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词) Eg.1 . Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 2. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast. 3. I have some ideas that may help. 4. They said something you didn’t like. 5. Can you think of any problems you have had recently? 6. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey? 7. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 二( 定语从句易犯错误 (改错) 1(Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come( 2(The book that you need it is in the library( 3(Anyone who break the law will be punished( 4(Those who has finished may go home( 5(Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth( 6(The key opens the bike is missing( 7(The house where he lives in needs repairing( 8(I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing( 9(Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence, 10(I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late( 三、用关系代词填空:that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man __________ wants to see you. 2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua. 3. The man __________ you went to see has come. 4. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher. 5 5. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened. 6. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday. 7. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful. 8. I will never forget the days______ we spent together. 9. A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time. 10. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word. 11. I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited. 12. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 13. She hates everything _____________ is modern. 14. She wrote a book about the people and things _____________ impressed her most deeply during her stay there. 15. He is the only person _____________ was present at the time. 16. This is the best car _____________ is made in China. 定语从句讲解 (2) (一) 关系副词引导的定语从句 1( when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 ( where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 2 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。 ※ 如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage, condition, degree和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。 注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如: From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to b e when he grew up. 自从他在农村读 小学 小学生如何制作手抄报课件柳垭小学关于三违自查自纠报告小学英语获奖优质说课课件小学足球课教案全集小学语文新课程标准测试题 时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。 Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 总的说来,选择介词，一是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配，二是根据先行词和介词的习惯 搭配，三是根据句子意思表达的需要。 1. 考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯 (1) 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 ?The documents which they were searching have been recovered. ?American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom (2004上海卷) (2) 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar. 6 2. 考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯 这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如: ?I’ll never forget the day which she said goodbye to me. ?The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 3，考查根据句意确定介词 ?Tom, whom the window was broken, has been criticized by his teacher. ?I am looking for my glasses, which I can’t watch TV clearly. In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _____ time many people have gone home. ? A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which (二)关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句 as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是: 1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如: He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制 性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如: As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。 John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知， 约翰是个著名作家。 注意:当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如: Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。 1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如: I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意:当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如: She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 (三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句, 并在定语从句中当方式状语时，用in which或 that引导，而且通常可以省略。如: The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。 (四)关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分)。试比较: A. I know a place ________ we can have a picnic. 。 I know a place ___________is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days __________ we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days ____________ we spent together. C. This is the reason _________ he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。 This is the reason ____________he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. (五) 定语从句的其他要点 * 在定语从句的使用中，one of后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复 数;而在one of 前面the only时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。 He is the only one of the students who is elected? Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident. 7 * 先行词为time时， 若time 当“次数“讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句， that可以省略;若time当 “一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when或者介词at/during + which引导定语从句。如: This is the second time __________ I have visited the Great Wall. There was a time ______________ I hated to go to school. 巩固练习 1. This is the best factory ____we visited last year. A. where B. which C. in which D. that 2. Is this the factory ____computers are built? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 3. Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red . A. whose B. its C. which D. which of 4. The man ____has arrived . A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about 5. Do you know the person ____we are talking ? A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that 6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born . A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where 7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class . A. who B. that C. what D. where 9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow, _____he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which 10. The school ___I study is a new one . A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which 11. China has many islands, ___the largest is Taiwan . A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what B. where C. that D. which 13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose 14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ? A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom 15. Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt. A. that B. when C. which D. what 16. I told you ____I know. A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom 17. China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun . A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them 18. Is this factory ____we visited last year? A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one 19. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir? A. that B. which C. whose D. who 20. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress. 8 A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which 21. He wrote several songs last year, and three of _____ were very popular among young people. A. them B. which C. what D. that 22. Do you remember the day _____we spent _____climbing Mount Tai last summer? A. \; going B. when; in going C. on which; going D. which; to go 23. I’ll never forget the days ____ we played together in our childhood. A. which B. that C. \ D. when 24. The reason _____ he was late was _____he got up too late. A. why, that B. that, why C. why, because D. that, because 25. The reason______ he told us sounds reasonable. A. that B. which C. why D. for which 26. The news ______ he has won the medal is true A. that B. which C. \ D. what 27. The news______ he told us is not true. Which is not right? A. that B. which C. \ D. what 28. The house _____ have been broken _____to be repaired. A. which windows, needs B. whose window, needs C. the window of it, need D. the windows of which, needs 29. The children ____ parents died has just been sent to an orphan’s house. A. his B. that C. whose D. which 30. He is the only one of the students ______late this morning. A. who is B. who was C. who are D. who were 对比练习:(填空) (1) The school _______________ he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in _______________ he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _______________ you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for _______________ you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer_______________ we have often talked about. (6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about _______________ we have often talked. (7) This is the watch _______________ I am looking for. (8) The man with _______________ you talked is my friend. (9) The plane in _______________ we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (10) He loved his parents deeply; both of _______________ are very kind to him. (11) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of _______________ have gone bad. (12) There are forty students in our class in all, most of _______________ are from big cities. (13) I will never forget the day __________ I first went to school. I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing. (14). The house __________ we visited is being repaired now. The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. (15) I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book. (16). He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry. (17). He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry. (18). He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers. (19). He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers. (20) Do you like the book ____________she spent $10? 9 (21) Do you like the book ____________she paid $10? (22) Do you like the book ____________ she learned a lot? 二、直击高考 I.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 1. The weather was very sunny the following day, ________ was what we expected. 2. The man about _______ you told me the other day turned out to be a thief. 3. I have finished reading all the books ________ were borrowed from the school library. 4. He wrote a lot of well-received novels, most of _______ were translated into foreign languages. 5. I cannot forget the time _________ I stayed in the country with those farms 6. ______ is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop 7. Lu Xun, ______ name is Zhou Shuren, wrote lots of novels and essays. 8. Do you still remember the happy days _______ we spent together in Beijing. 9. He came out top in the exam, ______ made his family very happy. 10. Is this the reason _____ he is late again? 11. I don’t think the reason _______ he explain at the meeting was reasonable. 12. The days are gone _____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 13. The students are talking about the strange people and stories _______ they met in the adventure. 14. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. 15.I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 16.Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 17.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake 18.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision. II. 单句改错 1. She brought forward a plan which we didn’t agree. 2. It is well known, great changes have taken place in China recently. 3. He talked of things and persons whom he had seen abroad. 4. You can come to see me tomorrow morning, which I will be free. 5. The place where interests the children most is Disneyland. 6. When people talk about the famous scenic spot in China, the first one comes into mind is the Great Wall. 7. Do you have anything which I must do for you? 8. This is the only one of the best novels that were published last year. 9. This is the monitor her English is the best in our class. 10. As you know it, he has left for Australia. 11. The meeting was put off, that was exactly what we wanted. 12. I don't like the way which you treat your mother. 13. He told the good news to those who was present at the meeting. 14. Is this the pen your father bought it for you? 15. Have you been to the company where she works there? 16. Mother came back on December 21 when was my birthday. 17. I shall never forget the days when I spent with you. 18. Is this all what you want to say? 19. He lived in a house, in front of it he planted some beautiful flowers. 五.名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语 10 从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 (一)引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词:when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词:that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略;if (whether), as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if(是否)，as if(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。 (二)主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. (三)表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 2 e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. (四)宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。 e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.. I’m interested in what you’ve said. 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 ?宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if;不直接连用，可换。 e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true. I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not. ?介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。 e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They don’t know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time. (五)同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 即时练习: 一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句: 11 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 二、直击高考 I. 单句改错 1. What he said nothing at the meeting surprised us. 2.Who caught the robber would be given a reward of $2,ooo. 3.The reason why he missed the lecture was because he had taken a wrong bus. 4.The final success belongs to whomever works hard. 5.Whether he was chosen made us wild with joy. 6.Whether the sports meet will be held depends on if it is fine tomorrow. 7.John is more of a talker than a doer. That’s what he hasn’t finishes anything. 8.That’s what he managed to pass the driving test. 9.I still remember which it used to be a small village. II. 单句填空(在空格处填上适当的关连词:) 1. The question is ___________ the film is worth seeing. 2. Do you doubt ________ I believe you ? 3. This museum is not _______ it was ten years ago. 4. __________ we will go camping depends on the weather. 5. The reason ________ he was absent was _______ he wasn’t interested in the meeting. 6. The suggestion ____students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering. 7. The old woman was shocked by _________ had happened to her daughter. 8. ________ he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. 9. Now we can see __________ a serious problem the population is. 10. I want to buy some stamps. Can you tell me _______ there’s a post office near here? 11. There’s some doubt _________ she will be able to repay the money on time. 12. _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 13. _______ he doesn’t like them is very clear. 14. We should help _____ is in need of our help. 15. Doing regular exercise is _______ we must always keep in mind. 16. We know little about the young lady except ______ you told me. 17. I know nothing about her except ________ she is from Canada. 18. The child is fat. That’s ______ he has a sweet teeth. 19.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is___he never finishes anything. 20. Information has come ___ the superstar Zhang Ziyi will play the leading role in this film. 二、用适当的连词填空: 1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy. 12 2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation. 3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. ____________ we need is more time. 5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for. 8. Is that ____________ you are looking for? 9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is? 10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not. 13