社区支持农业模式中国初体验（Initial experience of Community Supported Agriculture model in China）

社区支持农业模式中国初体验（Initial experience of Community Supported Agriculture model in China） 社区支持农业模式中国初体验(Initial experience of Community Supported Agriculture model in China) "Community Supported Agriculture" model; China's first experience 2009-09-29 05:42:43 - Guangzhou daily Dayang | comment (0) | text background color: Tags: early experience font support agricultural community In some cities, consumers go to the countryside to play rice and experience country life. Thirty years ago, with the increasing pressure of population and industrialization into agriculture, hybrid rice in large scale, mechanization sowing harvest, extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the new mode of agricultural production is rapidly replacing the China lasted for thousands of years of farming intensive and meticulous farming culture. We must recognize that self-sufficiency in food must continue on this path. But with the deepening of agricultural pollution and food safety problems emerge in an endless stream, people talk about food, thirst for health food has never been so strong when the community supported agriculture this unique model began to appear in the China. This model has long been popular in Japan and the United States, as they face the problems we face today over the past two decades. Text and graphic / reporter Qiu Min Intern Wang Wenqian Guangdong Ruyuan Wuzhishan Town, Nanling foot, a pastoral scenery, Xu uncle is clearing up just cut rice fields. Try: no fertilizer, no pesticides to grow rice For the 51 year old Xu uncle, farming has been thirty years, but this is the first time after a lapse of more than 20 years he was like when he was young to farming: no chemical fertilizers, no pesticides, in pig urine pig dung as fertilizer to RBI gray sand prevention, because he is kind of organic rice. Six months ago, Xu first heard the term "organic rice", and also heard about CSA for the first time. And now he has not realized what the concept of "Community Supported Agriculture" is. But this concept is changing his life and production step by step. Change from six months ago, Wuzhishan town came two foreign tourists, they seem to be particularly interested in farmland, concerned about the local there are some traditional varieties of agriculture. They asked Xu uncle, is willing to do in accordance with the traditional way of rice, no chemical fertilizers, no pesticides, with previous seed instead of hybrid rice. In the rice mature, they will be some consumer groups in Guangzhou prices far higher than the market price to buy organic rice from him. Start Xu TERT not seriously, but after they left shortly after, a bag of seed sent from Guangzhou to Five Fingers Group, give it a try holding the psychological, Xu uncle from three acres of land in his pick four points, for these traditional rice. English Organic (organic) with the word "ancient" means, in fact, twenty years ago, Xu uncle is such farming, and the intensive and meticulous farming ecological environmental protection of agricultural civilization in China has lasted for thousands of years. "My twenties, there are many varieties of rice seed, are their own home every year, I remember a long pole is a kind of rice, the yield per mu is four hundred or five hundred pounds, that time is very low, which have chemical fertilizers and pesticides and insecticides, the village most competitive is Mao Keng, each a fertilizer storage household product." Xu Shu said, "the last century at the beginning of 80s to promote hybrid rice, yield went up very quickly, can receive seven hundred or eight hundred pounds an acre, in order to yield high use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides." Xiao Rao is one of the few tourists who have come to Xu Ling, a small environmental organization in Nanling. The environmental group is "Community Supported Agriculture", CSA. The price of organic rice than ordinary rice twice as expensive "Community Supported Agriculture" originated in japan. The last century at the end of 60s, Tokyo and other big city housewives due to health demand for agricultural products, spontaneously formed consumer groups, to the countryside to package, to encourage farmers to produce agricultural products without chemicals through orders, payment etc., and the farmers association direct trading. This mode of consumption played a great role in promoting the development of the ecological agriculture in Japan, and then became popular in Europe and america. Currently, more than 2000 farms in the United States operate in the CSA model. Not long ago, organized by the Ruyuan Nanling farmhouse driving into Xu Shu, a dozen people from Guangzhou and Hongkong to participate in the harvest and other activities at the same time, the price of 4 yuan a pound for the first set is made from the Uncle Xu, the price is twice the market price. "Members of the public to participate in the activities of the organic rice sold, even Xu Shu in the ordinary rice sold at good prices." Xiao Rao told reporters with a smile. Begun to taste the sweetness of Xu TERT plans to grow organic crops next year more than an additional two acres of land. Nanling was founded in early 2007, when the concept is very simple, Nanling is currently one of the best ecological areas of Guangdong, But because of the pressure of survival, many farmers cut off the original ecological forest, and carried out poaching activities. In pursuit of high yield, the land uses fertilizer and pesticides in large quantities. We hope to find alternative income for farmers and protect the diversity of ecology. Sustainable eco agriculture is the only option." On the other hand, more and more cities are plagued by food safety problems and pursue healthy, safe food. Nanling will be linked with the production of farmers, one linked to the consumption of the public. Push forward: city consumers expect pollution-free food The beginning of the work is not smooth. At the beginning of 2007, the young peasant "bald head" was the first person to accept their persuasion in Shaoguan crater nature reserve. "The other people in the village were waiting to see the bald joke, because everyone was fighting with pesticides. You didn't hit it. It wasn't a bug. It ran all over your place.". At that time, the worst was planned, and no crops were harvested." Little Rao recalls. As a result, 6 pieces of rice produced 180 kilograms of rice, and the first batch of urban consumers made up of the "Nanling club" staff and several friends. They bought the 180 kg rice at a price higher than the market price. After planting a season, "bald" out of work, he introduced the court uncle nanling. Now, on the walls of the court's uncle's house, the agreement to buy rice from the bag is held. This year, he planted two acres of organic rice at one stroke. Court uncle is from the bottom of my heart to accept organic farming model. In the past, every time he bought a large price of pesticides and fertilizers, he was very sad, with his wife's words, "before others sprayed four pesticides," the family only sprayed three times, and many other than the dilution of pesticides". Now the court uncle never bored to "invented" eco fertilizer. For example, add hot pepper water to your urine, and at the same time remove worms, or use homemade poultry or fish offal to make organic fertilizer." Court uncle said is very effective, and the court uncle has put these experiences and techniques are applied to the home of ten acres of land. Let him very proud of is, this year he planted ten acres of land not to buy fertilizer, saving a fertilizer money. "The court of tertiary direct meters sold to the city people, near the village farmers have to uncle home court to find out, he would be happy to share their ecological planting technology and the villagers, in court uncle drive, the village households also began planting green rice. So far, a total of 6 households have joined the package project this year, covering 4 acres, covering organic rice, organic soybean and other crops. But because of the small acreage of cooperation, the income of farmers can still be limited. Nanling will also help farmers' income through other means, they will be in the staff, friends and friends in several times to ecotourism farmers at home a year, and set up shop in taobao.com to help farmers to sell agricultural products, remove unnecessary costs, all profits are returned to the farmers. Practice: female doctor and her little donkey farm In fact, "Community Supported Agriculture" has been carried out in many parts of china. In Guizhou, the netizen Lin Lin sent messages to friends about the invitation to buy pork from rural cooperatives, and received responses from more than 20 city families. Through consultation with the eco agriculture cooperative in the village of Bai Yi Township, Yi County, the consumers bought a pig from Liu Xuejun's family at the price of 8 yuan per kilogram of gross weight. The pig was a "eco pig" that had been cooked for a whole year, and had not eaten a single feed or additive since childhood. 175 kg gross weight pig, sold 2800 yuan, which is more than pig dealers come to buy more income of nearly 1000 yuan. Go further is agriculture and Rural Development Institute of Renmin University of China Dr. Shi yan. The doctor, known as "China's first foreign jump in the queue", worked as a farmer in the southwestern state of Minnesota for half a year to experience the American farm's business model. In April this year, 20 acres of land in Beijing at the foot of Lantau Peak, Shi Yan and her little donkey farm began to practice. There are two types of customers on the little donkey farm. One is the regular share, and the weekly farm will provide customers with freshly picked organic vegetables. The species and quantity are matched by farms according to season planting. The other is labor, and each customer has 30 square meters of land on the farm. At the end of the week, they are going to farm their own land and pick up their fruits. Regardless of the average share or the share of labor, a 20 week agreement should be signed with the farm before the planting season and paid in advance. The risks in agricultural cultivation are shared by the farm and the customer. Ordinary share members of organic vegetables are divided into full and half amount of two, 20 weeks full price of 2500 yuan, if you can go to the farm to pick up vegetables, the price is 2000 yuan, to ensure the supply of 400 pounds of vegetables. That's it, The average 5~6 yuan a pound of vegetables is more expensive than the regular dishes on the market, but cheaper than the organic vegetables in the supermarket. Difficulties: sales difficulties are barriers to the promotion of eco agriculture After six months of operation, the small donkey farm has 54 members. The farm delivers vegetables to its members every Saturday. Some customers said: "these days to eat food sent, and consciously do not put MSG, the taste is very good."! Although the Chinese cabbage may be the cause of less rain, it tastes very old." "My house is Wednesday. I can finish the vegetable dishes. Some of them are big enough, such as peanuts. I'll take them to my colleagues in the office. Yes, for example, zucchini can be eaten later. In the fridge leaves dish seems droopy, but washed slightly soak for a while, and green cute. CSA is a little different from what we are used to now, but a little inconvenience makes us feel at home, and our family thinks it's worth it." But there are also people who cannot accept the refund request. Because the delivery once a week, vegetables production period is long, the fresh period is short, once sent so many, fresh-keeping becomes a problem. But if small parts are delivered many times, the cost of delivery is not what the farm can afford. And in the expert opinion, this kind of mode completely moved back from the United States is still facing the problem of prepaid fees, a year in advance of vegetable costs, but also to take risks, does not conform to the majority of Chinese consumer psychology. As a matter of fact, consumption has always been the biggest problem CSA faces in china. Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences expert Ouyang Guowu believes that sales is a major obstacle to ecological agriculture extension in the past, the reason is ordinary farmers or village are unable to pay the certification fee, no certification is difficult to enter the mainstream sales channels. At the same time, the ecological agricultural production is low, sell well, but also time-consuming, if there is no consumer understanding and identity, farmers cannot get from the market incentive and stick to it. Nanling also once appeared organic soybean unmarketable problem. "Dozens of pounds of organic soybeans, has not been able to sell.". Because organic soybeans are free of pesticides and fertilizers, they are fresh, non-toxic, and more susceptible to insects. Such a good soybean, rotten in the bag, really love dearly." Question: how far can a niche solution go? How far can CSA model go in China, and it is too early to draw a conclusion. Although we must admit that in the face of population pressure on the survival of hybrid rice, the industrialization of the high yield production, will still be our agricultural production and the direction of the mainstream, but we have to eat healthy food in the voice, CSA will undoubtedly provide a solution for a small minority of the. As Shi Yan said, "now the agricultural stereoscopic pollution has become the largest proportion of pollution, China pollution and food safety problems emerge in an endless stream, the final profits from sales of agricultural products in the share of less and less, so lead to a vicious spiral, in order to improve the profit will increase the yield, and to use more fertilizer and pesticide...... What do we want? It seems increasingly to be a matter of survival or death."