科学发明与发现的故事（The story of scientific invention and discovery）

科学发明与发现的故事（The story of scientific invention and discovery） 科学发明与发现的故事(The story of scientific invention and discovery) The story of scientific invention and discovery First, Mendeleev discovered the periodic law of elements He built a rectangular cardboard card for each element. On each rectangular board, the elements, symbols, atomic weight, elements, properties and their compounds are written. They were then pinned to the lab wall and lined up. After a series of queues, he discovered the regularity of the chemical properties of the elements. When will Mendeleev find the periodic law of elements is very simple, easily said he is used to play poker by this great discovery, but Mendeleev seriously said, from he aspires to engaged in this research work, has spent about 20 years, before it was finally published in 1869 the periodic law of elements. Two, Curie and his wife found radium element Mrs. Curie noticed the work of French physicist Becquerel. Since roentgen discovered X rays, Becquerel discovered a "uranium ray" when examining a rare mineral called uranium salt, and friends called it Becquerel ray. The rays Becquerel discovered aroused Mrs. Curie's great interest. Where did the radiation come from? Mrs. Curie saw that all laboratories in Europe there has not been any profound study of uranium rays, Curie couples from 1898 to 1902, after refining tens of thousands of times, dozens of tons of ore processing residue, finally get the 0.l grams of radium salts, measured 225 original sub it. Radium was born! Curie and his wife confirmed the existence of radium elements, so that the whole world began to pay attention to radioactivity. The discovery of radium broke out a real revolution in the scientific world. Three, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin Penicillin was English anthropologist Alexander Fleming. In 1928, Fleming found in the examination of Petri dishes, in a Petri dish of Staphylococcus aureus contamination due to a large group of mold, and mildew around clusters of Staphylococcus aureus was killed, only in the distant place from the mold group is the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. He inoculated the mold onto the sterile agar medium and broth medium and found that the mold grew rapidly in the broth, forming one after another white, green, and dark green mold. Through identification, Fleming knew that the mold belonged to Penicillium, so he had filtered the liquid containing this mold secretion called penicillin". Fleming then inoculated the mold into various bacterial cultures and found that Staph, streptococci, and diphtheria bacteria were suppressed. This greatly encouraged the rush to find a drug for the treatment of purulent infections Fleming. After a series of experiments and studies, Fleming thought penicillin might be an antibacterial drug that can be used all over the body. Four, Jenner discovered that cowpox vaccine Smallpox was the leading cause of death in Britain in the eighteenth Century. After graduating from college in St. Andrew Jenner from London to return home, many years of rural practice experience made him noticed: in the country with similar cattle suffering from smallpox disease, the milkmaid in contact with cattle on herpes infection, who is also president of a small number of herpes, this is vaccinia. People infected with vaccinia have never been infected with smallpox. He found that the symptoms of illness than smallpox smallpox is much lighter, it never let cattle died, never had a death, and people who are infected with vaccinia after recovery will not leave any scar. He made a close investigation of the problem. In 1796 he decided to examine it directly. The vaccination was finally discovered. Five. Baer invented the first available telephone set One day, Baer was studying a "visual language" for deaf mutes in the laboratory, an interesting phenomenon that attracted his great attention. He found that when the current was on and off, the spiral coil sounded as if it were "tick". The discovery made him bold enough to imagine that if the current intensity changes, the sound waves will be simulated, Then the current transfer of voice can be achieved. So Baer consulted Henry, an electrical expert, and learned the knowledge of electricity himself and continued his research. In 1873, Baer resigned as a linguistics professor and devoted himself to the telephone experiment. After many failures, he succeeded at last. On the night of June 2, 1876, Baer and his assistant, Watson, who had been fighting for days and nights, finished the last inspection of the lab, and then they were shut off in two separate rooms. Watson suddenly heard someone say: "Mr. Watson, come on! I need you!" Baer was in operation, accidentally put sulfuric acid splashed on the feet, because of the pain, he shouted into the microphone, unable to restrain the emotions, which became a telephone transmission of the first sentence of human. When Walsont heard it, he answered with great surprise, "Baer, Baer! I heard you! I heard you!"!" Six 、 Newton's apple "Newton sees Apple landing." Meditation in the fleeting one Tao: I do not wish to explain to the world No matter what sage's creed or the result of calculation The earth revolves round the sun It is a universal phenomenon caused by gravitation The queer realm can understand Since Adam, from Apple's fall " A famous story says that Newton was inspired by an apple dropped from a tree, showing his law of gravity. The comic works that a falling apple just hit Newton's head, its collision let him somehow understand gravity. Seven, the inspiration of water vapor With the development of intellectual education, Watt had a keen interest in some objects that exist objectively, and produced curiosity and deep study. This laid a good foundation for his later invention of the steam engine. In the small town of Watt's hometown, every family cooks and cooks water. For this thing who left It is quite common for, the heart? Watt left his heart. He sees his grandmother cooking in the kitchen. There was a pot of boiling water sitting on the stove. The boiling water is boiling. The lid popping noisily, kept on beating. Watts observation for a long time, feeling very strange, can not guess this is what reason, asked grandma said: what thing the kettle beat? The grandmother answered, "the water is boiling, that's all.". Watt did not satisfy, and asked again: "why the water opened, the lid on the beating?" What drives it? Maybe grandma was too busy to answer him properly, and said impatiently, "I don't know.". Baby, what does it mean to ask these. Watt not only did not find the answer in his grandmother, but was criticized unjustly, and he was very uncomfortable, but he was not discouraged. For days on end, when he was cooking, he squatted down by the fire and watched carefully. At first, the lid was stable, and after a while the water opened and made a loud noise. The water in the pot came out and pushed the kettle over. The steam ran up and down, and the kettle kept beating like a magician in there, juggling. Watt was so happy that he almost shouted. He opened the lid of the kettle and covered it again and again, and proved it again and again. He also put the cup, spoon in the water vapor emitted over the place. Watt finally made it clear that the steam pushed the lid of the kettle and that the steam was so powerful. In watts exult when jubilant, grandmother and spoke up: "you this child, what fun not to know good from bad, kettle, give me away fast! "She said casually. His grandmother was too impatient and subjective, and this casually ignored, and almost hurt Watt's self-esteem and the pursuit of scientific knowledge. The old man did not understand Watt's heart at all. "What's the inspiration of water vapour" to Watt?! The physical phenomenon that water vapor pushes the lid of a kettle to jump is not the source of the invention of the steam engine by Walt? In 1769, Watts converted the steam engine into a larger, single acting engine. Later, after several studies, in 1782, completed the new steam engine trial production. A linkage device on the machine, the single rotation change, improve the successful invention of the steam engine. Watt's life is full of hardship and struggle, he walked the road is so rough. He created a blessing for mankind in the course of hardships and hardships, and opened up new mileage for the progress of mankind. Watt attached great importance to study and practice: learning has enriched his wisdom; practice has yielded fruitful results.