新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后答案第一部分课后答案

新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 第一部分课后答案 Unit One Friendship Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in action Working with Words and Expressions (1) 1. bound 2. appropriate 3. possessing 4. permanent 5. appointed 6. parted 7. had corresponded 8. gazed 9. notion 10. keen 11. preserve 12. grasped 13. figured 14. grounded 15. sensible 16. attribute 17. united 18. pursue 19. commitments 20. regulating (2) 1.distinguish between 2. checked up on 3. torn down 4. make a fortune 5. all of a sudden 6. lost track of 7. Casting an eye over 8. broke up 9. take pleasure in 10.described as 11. turned up 12. in so far as 13. is under arrest 14. pass on 15. as to Increasing Your Word Power (1)1.arrival 2.trial 3.approval 4.betrayal 5.burial 6.dismissal 7.disposal 8.proposal 9.refusal 10.removal 11.survival 12.withdrawal (2) 1. refusal 2. arrivals 3. removal 4. dismissal 5. survival 6. proposal 7. disposal 8. approval (3) 1. e 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. d GRAMMAR REVIEW (1) 1. whichever tent you are not using now 2. whoever comes / come first 3. whichever / whatever condition our captain thought was the best 4. Wherever / No matter where I go 5. whatever wishes their child / children expresses / express 6. However disappointed / No matter how disappointed you may feel about the surroundings / environment / situation 7. Whoever breaks it 8. whenever he concentrates on a problem (2) 1. It is not luck but hard work tha led him to today’s success. 2. Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round. 3. It was not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust. 4. It was clearly the headmaster himself who that opened the door for me. 5. NONE CLOZE 1) classical 2) notion 3) utility 4) ground 5) occurs 6) goodness 7) as to 8) possesses 9) preserve 10) bound 11) mirror 12) virtuous 13) commitment 14) moral excellence TRANSLATION (1) 1. The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is not easy for the friendship grounded on common / shared interest to break up. 2. Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer games. 3. There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to know / keep track of everything. 4. Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call / is called "the court of morality". 5. Today’s culture is described as “fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be / are doing, people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time. 6. As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn / work for it. (2) As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Bonded together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, people have different notions / ideas. Some make friends for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for "soul pals"— those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and encourage us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call "true and perfect friendship". THEME-RELATED WRITING 1. Bob and I became brother-like friends in our childhood. We played, dined and discussed our ambitions together. Once grown up, he started for the West to make his fortune while I became a policeman in New York. Before his departure, we had dinner together and we agreed that we would meet at the same place exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. Then came the day we were supposed to meet. I was on my beat then. Walking up to the appointed place which had been turned into a hardware store, I saw a man standing there with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. Before I could speak, he told me that he was waiting for a friend by the name of Jimmy Wells. When he struck a match to light his cigar, I saw a pale face with keen eyes and a scar. I recognized him immediately. It was Bob, and it was also the face of the man wanted by the Chicago Police. For a moment I felt like telling him to escape right away. After all, we had been friends for so many years and he had traveled all the way to see me! But then my sense of duty told me the right thing to do. I said good-bye to him and continued my patrol, his last words still ringing in my ear: “I’ll wait for half an hour. Jimmy will keep his promise if he’s alive„” I then sent for a plain clothes man and had Bob arrested. 2.An Important Friend in My Life Li Qiang, one of my classmates, is fun to be with. He is always wearing a broad smile as if life is forever "sunshine and butterflies". One day, I revealed to him my worries and anxieties: I, an ordinary-looking girl, was 177 centimeters tall, even taller than any of the boys in my class. I thought no boy would like to date me. Besides, I was very poor at my academic courses. He suggested that I should learn to be myself and then he introduced me to a fashion show team of the university. Encouraged, I decided to change myself. After a 3-month training program on weekends, I could perform beautifully as a model, and surprisingly, I could concentrate on the required academic courses as well. The applauses I won at each fashion show and the scholarship I earned proved that being myself was terrific. Since then, my life has changed a lot. Thus, Li Qiang became an important friend of mine. Last semester, we began to help young people who suffer pressures from physical defects, academic failures or financial problems. We set up a Confidence Club. Those who come to us for help find our work definitely beneficial. Our friendship has led me into a sparkling, rewarding life. Unit Two Love Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in action Working with Words and Expressions (1) 1. curled 2. minimum 3. clip 4. yielded 5. Given 6. awaiting 7. fascinated 8. affection 9. interact 10. haste 11. harden 12. grief 13. defies 14. glance 15. presence 16. lasting 17. via 18. acquire 19. manipulate 20. restraints (2) 1. let „ loose on 2. fit into 3. hold on 4. state of affairs 5. in the course of 6. in vain 7. build „ on 8. In short 9. grow used to 10. blame „ on 11. reached for 12. give and take Increasing Your Word Power (1) 1. overcoat 2. overhead 3. overjoyed 4. overslept 5. overweight 6. overdue 7. overtime 8. overworking (2) 1. crush 2. attributes 3. fancy 4. bubbled 5. grasp 6. drizzling 7. labeling 8. yield (3) 1. We are short of hands. 2. I still have some money in hand. 3. Give me a hand with this box, please. 4. I often keep a dictionary at hand. 5. The football fans were out of hand. 6. Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class. 7. This ring was handed down to me by my grandmother. 8. Time’s up. Please hand in your test papers. 9. Please hand on the magazine to your roommates. 10. I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m a green hand. GRAMMAR REVIEW (1) 1. Sitting on the stairs was / On the stairs was sitting 2. Over the wall came / flew 3. Round the corner was 4. Then finally came 5. Under the table was lying 6. At / On the top of (On top of) the hill stood (2) 1. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material to build its home with. 2. Do your parents think Tom is a nice boy to go out with? (Cross out "him") 3. The goals for which he has fought all his life seem unimportant to him now. 4. NONE. 5. The essay starts by asking a question, to which the author then gives a positive answer. CLOZE (1) haste (2) state of affairs (3) distinguished (4) meeting of minds (5) blossom (6) inner charm (7) intimacy (8) emotion (9) acquiring (10) ideals (11) admiration (12) lasting (13) affection (14) forge (15) honor (16) overwhelming TRANSLATION (1) 1. In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. 2. I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. 3. We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. 4. Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect day to express love to the object of your / one’s affection. 5. In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 6. Love takes time, for it is not forged until you have grown used to the other’s company and learned to appreciate the other. (2) After dinner, we all sat around the hearth. Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert. In her soft voice she told us about their past years. Uncle Robert joined the army shortly after they were engaged. Given the critical situation at the time when lots of army men didn’t return alive, you can imagine how much overjoyed Aunt Susan was to see Uncle Robert come back safe and sound from the European battlefield. Then they got married and brought up five children. For all those years, their affection for each other grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life. I was fascinated by Aunt Susan’s story, which was totally different from my ideal of love. They practiced giving and sharing in their daily life instead of pursuing passion and romance. Amazingly, such love lasted through their whole life. THEME-RELATED WRITING 1. Male-female relations are indispensable to adults all through their lives. But different generations handle them differently. Our parents’ generation lived in an era of constraints, restraints, respect, admiration, and plenty of romance. They kept a distance from people of the opposite gender in order to preserve the holiness of love and relationships. My generation, on the other hand, began with countless crushes for the opposite sex just because of their superficial charm. Harmless as it was, the love was as brief as soap bubbles. As we grew up, we came to the stage of developing real relationships, believing that love demanded a lot of give and not so much of take. By comparison, the younger generation is more open-minded and less restricted in handling the matter of love and relationships. They jump on the bandwagon of love with so much haste that it is difficult for them to distinguish between physical attraction and mental compatibilities. In short, the younger generation focuses more on physical beauty, closeness and passion, and they tend to seek what they want from the relationships. The other two generations give priority to inner charm, intimacy, emotion and sharing in dealing with relationships. 2.What Do Girl Students Look for in Love and Life? In order to know about girl students’ opinion about love and life, a survey with girl students was conducted in 2005 in two universities — Chongqing University of Technology and Business and East China Normal University. The survey sought answers to two questions: What do you look for first in a boyfriend? What’s the most important thing for a happy life? About one third of the students chose personality as the top factor in choosing a boyfriend, followed by 27 percent focusing on abilities. Next came common interests and goals, favoured by 17 percent, with only 14 percent of students claiming appearance to be uppermost in their minds. Fewer still, 11 percent, rated economic status as the first consideration. As to their views about a happy life, nearly seventy percent of the girls attached the greatest importance to marriage and family. “Career” was given top priority by just under 20 percent, while even fewer, around 9 percent, believed that money was the key to a happy life. Based on the survey, we may conclude that nowadays, girl students generally hold a rational attitude towards love and life. Admittedly, the improved material conditions of life explain why girls take economic status and money rather lightly. But contrary to the popular view that girls are more concerned about self-development in the workplace and social status, they still regard upon marriage and family life as central to a happy life. Unit Three Happiness Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in action Working with Words and Expressions (1) 1. inform 2. evaluate 3. attractive 4. depression 5. leisure 6. Collective 7. decreased 8. spiritual 9. religious 10. temporary 11. scales 12. cultivate 13. suggests 14. purchase 15. inevitable 16. enable 17. reinforced 18. comparison 19. occupations 20. destructive (2) 1) work out 2) have a clear conscience 3) other than 4) fact of life 5) as a whole 6) relative to 7) point of view 8) in terms of 9) in part 10) took pains 11) in effect 12) serve as 13) Leave „ with 14) wore out 15) better off 16) has a great deal to do with 17) from „ derives Increasing Your Word Power (1) 1) 反攻，反击 2) 反要求;反诉 3) 对策;对付措施 4) 对应的人(物)，对手 5) 产生相反效果的 6) 抗癌的 7) 防冻剂 8) 防污染的 9) 反对吸烟的 10) 不合群的;反社会的 (2) 1) decrease 2) ranking 3) concept 4) suggest 5) central, key 6) way, pattern 7) aim, goal, end 8) buy 9) seek 10) norm, criterion 11) position 12) total, amount 13) short-term 14) honest 15) sort 16) inevitable (3) 1. total 2. current 3. ideal 4. relatives 5. alternative 6. objectives 7. individual 8. maximum GRAMMAR REVIEW ( (1) 1. was the law 2. could he free himself from feelings of guilt 3. will he now 4. have I faced so difficult a choice 5. are visitors allowed to feed the animals in the zoo 6. had we started lunch when the doorbell rang 7. she told me did I realize the mistake I had made 8. can you buy shoes like that 9. did he protest 10. I known what was going to happen (2) 1. Your picture / painting is far / much more beautiful. 2. If only I could do half as well as you (have done)! 3. The publishing house has produced twice as many books as it did last year. 4. We had to do more work for less money. 5. While people are richer in material wealth, their spiritual life is poorer. CLOZE (1) whole (2) However (3) part (4) In effect (5) derived (6) purchased (7) better off (8) take pains (9) necessarily (10) to do (11) comparison (12) relative (13) inevitable (14) serve (15) seek TRANSLATION (1) 1. For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to illustrate / explain / interpret the meaning of happiness from their own points of view. 2. When I first came to college, I suddenly found myself left with everything to deal with by myself. It was not until then did I realize that living with my parents was truly a happy experience. 3. You shouldn’t always make comparison with others; otherwise, you may be trapped in / fall into depression, for there are always many others who are better than you. 4. Today people are much better off and enjoy more leisure. Strangely enough, they find life boring / dull. 5. Life, in effect, is long but short of excitement. You are sure to suffer from inevitable disappointment if you expect everyday life to be as exciting as a drama. 6. A life that is too easy / smooth may also be destructive because it offers no opportunity for one to learn how to deal with / handle failures / frustrations / setbacks. That / This in part explains / accounts for the high rates of suicide among young people. (2) Happiness must have much to do with money. After all, a hard life will wear out one’s sense of joy. However, happiness doesn’t derive from money alone. Today’s society as a whole has seen dramatic improvement in the standard of living, and the majority of people are decently fed and clothed. However, are people happier today? In fact, when the mass media and commercial advertisements are still reinforcing the notion that to be happy is to possess more, people find themselves longing more earnestly than ever for a happy and healthy spiritual life: being loved, respected, feeling safe and proud of realizing their self-value. As a wise man once pointed out, happiness lies in the positive attitude one holds towards life other than how much money one earns. Those millionaires who view life as boring and empty serve as good negative examples. THEME-RELATED WRITING 1. Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone No one would doubt the truth that man’s existence relies essentially on material things. We need them to get fed, clothed and sheltered. Once we are living near the breadline, we’ll feel frustrated and miserable. However, our contentment does not merely lie in material things. This is especially the case in modern times. The fast-developing economy has noticeably improved our lives and fulfilled most of our material needs. Then there comes the need of spiritual satisfaction, which is derived from good health, close friends, a loving spouse, well-raised children, a home built on love, a clear conscience, a worthy goal and an enjoyable job. While material things may lose their charm over time, spiritual satisfaction will bring us lasting happiness. Therefore, to live a happy life, we should focus more on those things that meet our spiritual demands. After all, when our need for bread is met, happiness will not come unless we feel spiritually satisfied. 2. I Really Made It I will never forget the awful feeling in my first Oral English class at college. I tried hard to listen to every word the teacher spoke, but what she was saying made no sense to me. Bitterly, I admitted that I was so poor at listening and speaking in English. I wept several times, cursing my middle school for failing to provide adequate listening and speaking practice. But finally I calmed down because the familiar words rang in my ears: There must be a way out. I had a rather solid foundation of English vocabulary and grammar. What was left for me to do was to increase my listening input and speaking output. I made it a rule that every morning I would do reading aloud by the campus lake for 40 minutes, and every evening I would stay in the language lab, listening to English for at least an hour. Then at the end of the second year came my happiest moment: I got the Scholarship for Academic Excellence. I wore a broad smile when the president granted me the award. I then came to realize that happiness can only be gained through hard work. Unit Four Health Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in action Working with Words and Expressions (1) 1. indifferent 2. prejudice 3. appealing 4. rendered 5. threats 6. respect 7. isolate 8. sucked 9. infected 10. ignorance 11. namely 12. probable 13. reluctantly 14. applause 15. wept 16. issued 17. shelter 18. contracted 19. cheated 20. tolerated (2) 1. guard against 2. concern yourself with 3. make room for 4. bring „ to an end 5. in the hope of 6. on the ground(s) that 7. at risk 8. set aside 9. As regards 10. cut off 11. Owing to 12. Carry on Increasing Your Word Power (1) 1)accurate accuracy 精确，准确(度) 2) advocate advocacy 提倡;鼓吹 3) consistent consistency一致性;连贯性 4) delicate delicacy 细嫩;精美 5) efficient efficiency 效能，效率 6) intimate intimacy 亲密，密切 7) president presidency总统等的职位 8) private privacy 隐私;独处 9) secret secrecy 保密;保密能力 10) self-sufficient self-sufficiency自给自足 (2) 1. secrecy 2. presidency 3. consistency 4. efficiency 5. privacy 6. intimacy 7. accuracy 8. self-sufficiency 9. advocacy 10. delicacy (3) 1. justification 2. justice 3. justifiable 4. justify 5. justified 6. just GRAMMAR REVIEW (1) 1. I can discuss the matter with you now if (it is) necessary (to do so). 2. When (they are) watching the World Cup, the students often cheer loudly. 3. Unless (you are) otherwise instructed, you should leave by the back exit. 4. Perhaps I could not write a best-seller and (I) will never be able to (do so). 5. In the accident the child was hurt and the mother (was) killed. 6. Speaking exercises one’s tongue, reading (exercises) one’s eyes and writing (exercises) one’s mind. (2.1) 1. to reach an agreement in such a delicate situation 2. the way he keeps changing his mind 3. that perhaps he was lying 4. to be asked to speak here 5. buying so much food when the children are all away (2.2) 1. It is disappointing 2. I find it useless / pointless 3. It is not possible / It is impossible 4. They kept it a secret / kept it quiet 5. It is still not clear CLOZE (1) threat (2) at risk (3) infected (4) prejudice (5) isolated (6) contracted (7) shelter (8) grieve (9) along (10) pathway (11) issue (12) bring (13) evil (14) concern ourselves with (15) support TRANSLATION (1) 1) They took their sick father on a long journey to Beijing in the hope of finding a cure for /in the hope of curing his heart disease / problem. 2) The campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be carried on, and for / at this stage the emphasis is put on the way (how) the disease is contracted. 3) If power is properly applied / used / exercised, the lives of the common people will be rendered happy. If not, their daily life will be placed under threat. 4) Could a government justifiably use nuclear weapons to guard against terrorist attacks? 5) Owing to ignorance of the disease, many people still believe that HIV victims deserve what they suffer. 6) The newly issued report on improving the medical system in rural areas leads us to believe that the era is to be brought to an end when such areas are always short of doctors and medicines (2) Retirement brings people’s career to an end. They find, all of a sudden, that they can no more / longer carry on the job they have done for dozens of years. Some old people cannot adapt themselves to such a change and thus become depressed, believing that they are no longer useful. Indeed, depression has become one of the leading threats to old people’s health. Nonetheless, many old people in China are able to maintain their sense of usefulness by rendering their grown-up children services, such as taking care of their grandchildren and providing allowances to them. The question remains as to whether senior citizens should try other means to fill up their leisure, rendering their later years still more meaningful. I suggest the old concern themselves less with their children and make room for young people to take responsibility for their own lives. After all, the old deserve respect from the young and the young should tolerate their aged parents more, on the grounds that the old have contributed so much for so many years both to their family and to society. THEME-RELATED WRITING 1. AIDS Across the Earth AIDS has killed and is threatening to kill millions all across the earth. Several million infections are reported by WHO each year. The virus does not care whether you are black or white, male or female, young or old. It will attack you as long as you are a human. Today, AIDS has become the leading killer of young adults and is turning the children whose parents suffer the disease into orphans. It is no exaggeration to say that we live under the shadow of AIDS. There are several possible causes for such a situation: unsafe sexual intercourse; sharing or reusing contaminated needles; transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products; an infected person’s pregnancy, giving birth and breastfeeding, etc. Unfortunately, our ignorance, prejudice and silence have carried the situation to a desperate extreme. Patients are isolated or treated as outcasts by their families and their communities. AIDS victims feel ashamed to be identified as such and try hard to hide their disease. For this reason, they cannot get immediate medical treatment. Our harmful attitudes towards the disease and its victims have actually placed more people at risk. In our fight against this deadly disease, we should educate people on how to avoid being infected with the disease and how to lead a healthy and secure life and, more importantly, how to treat AIDS patients properly. Only in this way can we really bring AIDS under control. 2. Why Do the Young Adults Kill Themselves? Young adults are in the prime of their lives and are supposed to pursue their dreams and enjoy themselves. Yet it was reported in the Guardian that suicide is the main cause of death among young adults in China. Why have so many young people ended their lives? Three factors are thought to account for the high suicide rate: increasing stress, loneliness and a lack of medical support for depression. The most pressing one, I think, is stress. Take my college life for example. From the first day I entered the university, I have been living under pressure. I used to worry that I could not quite fit into the campus life; I also feared that I might not catch up with my classmates in my studies or could not live up to my parents’ expectations. Now I am deeply concerned about whether I can find a desirable job after graduation. Endless pressures give rise to stress. Loneliness is another problem. Many young people find they just feel helpless when they are suffering intolerable sadness or frustration. Suicide is a great tragedy, especially for the young. If we can find ways to relieve them of their stress and offer timely help, we may save many young lives. Unit Five Education Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in action Working with Words and Expressions (1) 1. associate 2. equipped 3. combined 4. emphasis 5. enlighten 6. phase 7. graded 8. commented 9. inspection 10. passively 11. rural 12. negotiate 13. indispensable 14. illusion 15. implemented 16. decline 17. reconcile 18. practically 19. residents 20. virtual (2) 1. so to speak 2. try out 3. in store 4. lend themselves to 5. turn my back on 6. in accordance with 7. crying out for 8. is „ the case 9. step in 10. calm down 11. brought back 12. go after 13. reflect on 14. get out of 15. For want of 16. Oddly enough 17. in favor of 18. in turn 19. hit on \ upon 20. to this end 21. calls for 22. brought about Increasing Your Word Power (1) 1. multimedia equipment 2. multipurpose furniture 3. a multifunction cell phone 4. a multi-storey car park 5. a multicultural curriculum 6. a multi-subject dictionary 7. a multi-channel television set 8. a multinational society (2) 1. e 2. g 3. a 4. h 5. d 6. f 7. b 8. c (3) 1).a. a virtual university b. an online counseling center c. a keyboard college d. an online chat room e. a virtual environment f. the electrically charged space g. cyberspace 2) a. a home computer b. tariff-free email packets c. the World Wide Web d. electronic bulletin boards 3) a. cyber education b. online degree programs GRAMMAR REVIEW (1) 1. He is such a shy boy that he flushes whenever he speaks to a girl. 2. It was such a well-written report that I couldn’t believe it was written by her. 3. He hasn’t seen his son for such a long time that he has almost forgotten what he looks like. 4. There were so many people in the stadium that I believed half of the town were there. 5. Mother rejected my request so firmly that I knew I should not bring up the matter again. (2) 1. In the UK, up to one third of pipe water leaks away before it reaches its destination (目的地). 2. Bob was just home from holiday when a friend called to tell him about his father’s death. 3. Sometimes we put off writing letters of thanks because we think letters can wait until other matters are dealt with. 4. We shall set off on our journey as planned unless there’s a sudden change in the weather. 5. Much as I like chocolate, I have never eaten a single bar of it since I began to put on weight. CLOZE 1) To this end 2) in store 3) indispensable 4) calls for 5) diversity 6) implement 7) In accordance with 8) emphasis 9) combining 10) in depth 11) equip 12) goes after 13) access 14) get „ out of TRANSLATION (1) 1. Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that / because it lays the foundations for the successes of one’s future work and studies. 2. West China is crying out for talented people for its development. To this end, the government has laid down / made favorable policies, calling for more college graduates to go and work there. 3. How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century. 4. Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world. 5. Urban / City residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case. 6. Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth / development, people are given / can enjoy an equally convenient access to educational resources, no matter where they are (2) Scientific development has brought about global changes in educational thought. It not only generates such a new form of education as "virtual universities" but turns "lifelong learning" into a workable project. In addition, people today seem to be in favor of practical knowledge. But whatever changes there might have been, education must stick to its classic role: to enlighten learners. Confronted with the new problems of this century, we still expect that education should put more emphasis on cultivating learners' competence to think critically and to work collaboratively / with team spirit. Furthermore, we hope that education will take the responsibility of promoting traditional virtues by guiding learners to dispense with negative desires like greed, lust and violence. THEME-RELATED WRITING 1. The Significance of Lifelong Education Decades ago, due to the low standard of living in China, only a small percentage of the nation's population could receive college education. Once given the opportunity, one would surely secure a well-paid and much-respected job, which he or she would probably do for a lifetime. Therefore, to secure a college degree used to be the ultimate goal of a person's education. Today, however, we are living in what is called a "knowledge society", where creative ideas and innovations are generated at a fantastic speed. One must constantly renew one's knowledge and upgrade one's skills so as to meet the needs of the changing world. Moreover, at the stage of general education, it is pointless for a person to attempt to know everything. When one is required to settle down to be a specialist in a specific field, one has to make an in-depth study of the subject one is supposed to know. In this sense, general education can provide students with only a passport to lifelong education. As Robert Maynard Hutchins once said, the object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives. In my opinion, life in modern society is not only a process of "learning to live" but also a process of "living to learn". The slogan "Live and Learn" can best reflect the concept of lifelong education. 2. Should Family Schooling Exist? Meng Mu Tang, a private school in Shanghai, is modeled after the educational system of ancient Chinese home schools, which favored rote memorization and recitation of classic works. But the local education authorities in Shanghai have declared it illegal according to a report in 21st Century. Should family schooling exist? What role should it play? In my opinion, family schooling should be permitted to play a positive role in the current educational system in China. Every family should be free to choose the form of education that best suits their children's interests and natural gifts. Although the existing education system in China has remarkably improved, it does not fit each child perfectly. Since family schooling provides a means to develop a person's talents and unique interest, Meng Mu Tang, as a private school geared to a specific group of children, should not be banned in haste. In view of the current dynamic, quality-minded educational reforms in China, we should permit family schooling to enrich and diversify our educational system. On the other hand, home schooling should adapt itself to the modern world. To prepare children for the future, it should equip them with knowledge and innovative power so that they can cope with the development of the modern world. While tapping children's innate talents on an individual basis, family schooling should never neglect their all-round development. Meng Mu Tang may not be a perfect private school, but we should let it live and have a try so that family schooling may eventually become an indispensable component of our formal education. Unit Six Intercultural Communication Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in action Working with Words and Expressions (1) 1. proof 2. slice 3. efficiency 4. capacity 5. abroad 6. symbol 7. invitations 8. dictate 9. proceeded 10. splashes 11. tender 12. resist 13. flavor 14. familiarity 15. transmitted 16. tremendous 17. cure 18. slippery 19. funeral 20. transplanted (2) 1. help yourself to 2. a fish out of water 3. due to 4. from head to toe 5. orient myself to 6. as such 7. on the „ side 8. by means of 9. build up 10. win „ over 11.identify themselves with 12. get over 13. enter into 14. opening up 15. resulted from 16. held our breath Increasing Your Word Power (1) 1) Internet互联网 2) interlock (使)连锁;(使)相互扣住 3) interview 面谈，面试 4) interrelate (使)相互关联 5) interchange 交换，互换 6) intercourse交往;沟通 7) interconnect互相连接 8) interdependence 互相依赖 9) an intercity train 城际列车 10) intercontinental travel洲际旅行 11) an international flight国际航班 12) interpersonal relations人际关系 13) intercollegiate cooperation校际合作 14) an interclass football match班际足球比赛 (2) 1. charged 2. condemn 3. scold 4. blame 5. accused of 6. condemned 7. blames 8. criticized (3) 1. boil 2. steamed 3. fried 4. bake 5. roasted 6. preserved 7. grilled 8. stew GRAMMAR REVIEW (1) 1. The announcement was followed by a not unexpected silence. 2. Exhausted and hungry, she could not walk without my help. 3. There's nobody who makes no mistakes in his lifetime. 4. You can't search my house without a warrant. 5. A life lived without dreams can't be as rich and rewarding as life can be. 6. The American West is a region where farming is impossible / not possible without irrigation. (2) 1.The longer I am at this job, the happier I am. 2.The more risky it is, the more I like it. 3.The sooner you start, the easier / sooner you'll finish it. 4.The more people you know, the less time you'll spend with them. 5.The more you learn, the less you find you know. CLOZE (1) transplanted (2) cues (3) tendency (4) frustration (5) attributed (6) cures (7) capacity (8) built up (9) by means of (10) due to (11) orient „ to (12) get over (13) opens up (14) In addition TRANSLATION (1) 1. As a proof of our hospitality, we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to the dishes on the table. 2. It is by means of listening to what people say and observing how they behave that we’ve strengthened our own capacity to learn about / understand society. 3. One’s sense of safety comes from familiarity with the environment; so people have the tendency to resist or avoid new situations. 4. We tend to show prejudice against or even hostility towards people from a certain region, which can be attributed to the fact that we are unfamiliar with them. 5. I believe it is polite to decline directly, while my parents seldom say “No” so as not to embarrass others. 6. There are two means to build up knowledge: to get it personally or by second-hand experience. Reading, which opens up a new world of different cultures for us, belongs to second-hand experience. (2) Once transplanted abroad, people will feel anxious and even lose the capacity to deal with daily routines. This problem is attributed to the disappearance of the surroundings we have been used to. Then, what should we do so as to change the life styles and patterns built up in us over so many years? First, we should be more tolerant towards people with cultural backgrounds different from ours. To get over frustrations caused by culture shock, we should try to adapt ourselves to the new environment and get along with our workmates harmoniously. Furthermore, we should never identify a person with the nationality he represents or proceed to hate the person’s culture only because we don’t like him. In fact, to preserve our national culture is not to resist foreign ones. THEME-RELATED WRITING 1. My Views on Cultural Differences In my opinion, cultural differences have more advantages than disadvantages. First of all, it is cultural differences that make our world so colorful. If you go to a foreign country, you will be impressed not only by its physical environment but also by its cultural environment — its foods, clothes, customs, social practices, etc. Differences between cultures have always been a source of joy and inspiration. Secondly, differences in culture enrich human civilization. Different cultures compete with as well as learn from each other. Roman culture was modeled on Greek culture, which had once borrowed a lot from Egyptian culture. American culture is also a blend of many different cultures. Thirdly, differences in culture give each culture its unique identity. A culture is usually seen in relation to other cultures. Chinese culture distinguishes itself from others by its peculiar concepts and things that can hardly be found elsewhere. Of course, cultural differences may cause conflicts and misunderstandings. But interdependence, common interests and mutual goals of different nations always outweigh differences in culture. Nations with different cultures should learn from each other and live peacefully together. To this end, we should be more tolerant to other cultures while preserving, protecting and developing our own. 2. My Views on the Influence of Western Culture On weekends, I gather with my friends at MacDonald's or KFC. We eat fried chicken, drink Coco-cola and talk about the latest release of Hollywood movies. We read foreign novels, listen to Western music and watch NBA. We admire Bill Gates, George Michael and Princess Diana. We dress ourselves in the Western style and celebrate Christmas and Valentine's Day. Our way of life has thus changed. Indeed, the influence of Western culture is strongly felt in our everyday life. This influence in turn prepares us well to blend into the modern world and participate in the world market competition. But we should not ignore its side effects. Our national culture may gradually lose its ground if our attention is focused only upon Western culture. In following the trend of globalization we should maintain our own cultural identity, cherish our cultural tradition and develop our own culture. What Mahatma Gandhi once said can best sum up my views on the influence of Western culture: "I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any." Unit Seven The Olympic Spirit Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in action Working with Words and Expressions (1) 1. narrowly 2. governs 3. features 4. crawl 5. spun 6. flashed 7. have witnessed 8. shedding 9. injuring 10. consultant 11. compete 12. original 13. conquered 14. barrier 15. confessed 16. tripped 17. limp 18. champion 19. dynamic 20. version (2) 1. capitalized on 2. headed for 3. came in 4. rose to their feet 5. brought up 6. like crazy 7. in the name of 8. on their behalf 9. fill in for 10. in an emergency 11. dozens of 12. abide by 13. is „ taking shape 14. contrast „ with 15. bring out 16. put in / squeeze in 17. squeeze in Increasing Your Word Power (1) 1.restless 2.homeless 3.pointless 4. countless 5.fadeless 6.harmless (2) 1.of 2.to 3.in 4.for 5.of 6.to / for 7.to 8.on (3) 1) Events 1. dash 2. discus 3. figure skating 4. freestyle 5. hurdles 6. race 2) Competitors 1. athlete 2. boxer 3. contender 4. cyclist 5. discus thrower 6. gymnast 7. Olympian 8. runner 9. skater 10. sprinter 11. swimmer 3) Places, equipment, etc. 1. barrier 2. gym 3. luge 4. podium 5. rink 6. skate 7. sled 8. stand 9. track GRAMMAR REVIEW (1) 1. Football, his only hobby in life, has brought him many friends. 2. The President of the company, Mrs. Jones, held a press conference after the board meeting. 3. The question whether to confess or not has been troubling little Tom. 4. You should not have any doubt about the fact that the criminal has been arrested. 5. The news was immediately spread far and wide that Beijing had won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2) 1. No, he didn't come to help, but to hinder us. 2. It is not the players, but the supporters that are responsible for football hooliganism. 3. No, their intent is not to catch all speeders but to catch enough to give them a warning. 4. I'm not only willing, but (also) eager to join the volunteer team for the World Cup. 5. No. He translates into English not only from French, but (also) from Polish. 6. Because its appeal lies not only in its story but also in the ethical issues it raises. CLOZE (1) took shape (2) take part (3) triumph (4) conquered (5) feature (6) come in (7) champion (8) To this end (9) squeeze in (10) bring out (11) on behalf of (12) mount (13) witnessed TRANSLATION (1) 1. Against the white background, the Olympic flag features five interlinked colour circles, representing the five continents. 2. He narrowly missed the gold medal by 0.02 seconds. Those who had witnessed the race could not help giving a sigh. 3. Long-distance race is a hard test on tolerance. The athletes shed not only sweat, but also tears, and even blood. 4. Having tripped over another athlete's foot, he fell down on the track, but he soon rose to his feet and limped to the finish line. 5. The original version of the story goes like this (Or: As the original version of the story goes), the assistant coach rose to fame / became famous overnight by leading his team to conquer Cuba. 6. Some sportsmen confessed that they had taken dope in the name of improving / enhancing performance, and that their coaches showed no disagreement with such illegal acts. (2) The Olympic Games are universally recognized not only as a spectacular gathering of top athletes, but also as a moment of rejoicing for billions of spectators. The Games took shape in ancient Greece, where wars were not infrequent between cities. But once the Games started, the wars were immediately brought to a halt. In the modern world the Olympic Games still symbolize peace. So far, the Olympics have developed into the biggest international sports event, with an increasing number of sportsmen competing on behalf of more and more nations. Though only dozens of, or at most hundreds of, athletes finally become champions in one Olympics, participation itself means triumph for all the athletes. They all deserve applause because they have overcome numerous barriers before they can finally take part in such a big gathering. The Olympic motto inspires every athlete in every event to challenge human physical limits. While doing so, they abide by the rules and pay due respect to the referees / judges. Such extraordinary and fair competition best brings out true sportsmanship. THEME-RELATED WRITING 1. My favorite Sports Team: the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team In quite a few sports, Chinese women athletes outshine men athletes. As a girl, I always feel proud of our women table tennis players, badminton players, women divers and gymnasts. But my greatest enthusiasm always goes to the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team, who, though it has undergone some ups and downs, always presents a positive, inspiring image to the public. I've never missed any major TV shows involving the Chinese women's team. I can't help getting excited watching the girls shine in court, with their amazing spikes and blocks, and their never-ceasing courage and faith in winning the match. There are times when they lose the game, sometimes with embarrassing result like 0:3; there are years when they suffer a lot of injuries and new players do not match up to the veterans, yet, one must admit that the Chinese girls have been practising very hard all the way. Recent years has witnessed a difficult period for the team when Russian, American, Cuban, and Brazilian teams are rising in ranking and winning championships, but I still have faith in our team and give them my support. I wish them good luck in the coming Olympics. 2. Benefits from Hosting the Olympic Games July of 2001 witnessed a wave of national excitement in our land: Beijing had won the bid to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. It symbolized the strength of our country and roused our national pride. Since then a lot of changes have taken place in Beijing. Citizens of Beijing are now enjoying better transportation facilities, and the physical environment has improved significantly. With the construction of athletic venues, municipal infrastructure and other relevant facilities, new job opportunities have been created. A boom in Olympic-related businesses and industries has taken place not only in Beijing but also elsewhere. Hosting the Olympic Games is also a mega cultural event. It is a good opportunity to increase the international profile of the host city. Now more and more people are drawn to Beijing, and there has appeared a new boom in tourism. Preparations for the 2008 Olympic Games have given rise to numerous cultural and educational programs focusing on the citizens' commitment and dedication to this international event. Such programs have not only generated a widespread interest in sports but have also promoted the citizens' social, cultural and ethical visions. We must try our best to capitalize on this opportunity as fully as we can. Man and Society Unit Eight Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in action Working with Words and Expressions (1) 1. stimulated 2. nourishing 3. rivals 4. defects 5. enhance 6. scarce 7. prosperous 8. reserved 9. boost 10. distributing 11. accompanying 12. property 13. undermine 14. bid 15. regulations 16. parallels 17. harmonious 18. retire 19. lobbying 20. coordinate (2) 1. On the contrary 2. on (your) guard against 3. as a result of 4. take „ lightly 5. working on 6. subjected to 7. Leaving aside 8. all manner of 9. in exchange for 10. it „ follow that 11. in combination with 12. beaten up 13. pull together 14. at the expense of Increasing Your Word Power (1) 1. relationship 2. courtship 3. leadership 4. apprenticeship 5. friendship 6. dealership(s) 7. championship 8. sportsmanship (2) 1. as 2. to 3. for 4. for 5. at / in 6. from 7. for 8. with (3) 1)a fellow employee工友，同事 2) a rival firm 竞争的商行 3) a symphony orchestra 交响乐团 4) a wool coat 毛料/羊毛大衣 5) consumer rights 消费者的权利 6) import restrictions进口限制 7) market prices市场价格 8) quality supplies优质的供应品 9) business cooperation商业合作 10) government regulation政府调控 GRAMMAR REVIEW (1) 1.why they fall in and out of friendship quickly is the predicative. 2.What I touchedis the subject. 3. a)"that others will carry on what I can no longer do" is the object to the verb "know". b) "what I can no longer do" is the object to the phrasal verb "carry on". c) "that what was possible has been done" is the appositive to the noun "thought". d) "what was possible" is the subject of the appositive clause. 4. a) "that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old" is the object clause of the verb "believe". b) "that she was growing old" is the object clause of the verb "notice". 5. "whether you are black or white, male or female" is the object to the verb "ask". 6. "Where I teach" is the subject. 7. a) "what they habitually talk about" is the object to the preposition "by". b) "how they allocate their time and money" is the other object to the preposition "by". 8. "whatever effort is necessary" is the object to the verb "make". (2) 1. where 2. what 3. whoever 4. Whether 5. which / what 6. why 7. whether / if (3) 1. It takes 10 minutes to get there on foot. 2.It is impossible for us to catch the first bus. 3.What to do next has not been decided yet. /It has not been decided yet what to do next. 4.Spending too much time on computer games has affected his studies. 5.Not having enough people to do the job is our major problem at present. CLOZE 1) intentions 2) as a result of 3) inconsiderate 4) conscious 5) hurt 6) reserve 7) on guard against 8) Instead of 9) defects 10) stimulate 11) positive 12) nourishes 13) discouragement 14) accompanied TRANSLATION (1) 1.Those who suppose they possess more privilege stend to have feelings of superiority. 2. High tariffs and an anti-dumping policy will undermine the competitive edge of the foreign products in the domestic market. 3. If all the departments can be well coordinated and all of us pull together for the common good, we are bound / sure to succeed. 4. To be on guard against theft, the school has issued regulations specifying the duties of the door keepers / guards / janitors. 5. Good manners are always appreciated. It follows that good manners will enhance your chances of making friends with other people. 6. Punctuation marks should not be taken lightly; sometimes the use of a wrong punctuation mark can literally change / alter the meaning of a sentence. (2) In the modern society, how does competition work in combination with cooperation? Firstly, scarcity leads to competition. Players of the same football team compete for slots on the team, and this team competes against other teams for victory. In a work place, colleagues compete for higher positions. And also in business, firms become rivals for more consumers and a bigger market share. But meanwhile competition is inseparable from cooperation. Players have to cooperate efficiently with one another to win the championships for their team. Colleagues have to cooperate to accomplish their shared task. Firms try their best to cooperate to lobby the agencies of business administration for the greatest privileges. All in all, individuals as well as teams are subjected to both competition and cooperation. The two together nourish the social development so that we can enjoy a more prosperous and harmonious world. THEME-RELATED WRITING 1. How to Survive in a Competitive Society Competition in present-day society is fierce and cruel. It exists in different lines of work. For example, different musicians compete for each seat in their orchestra, and different orchestras compete for the privilege of making recordings with prestigious studios. Footballers compete for positions within the same team, and they work together to compete against other teams for championships. In short, whatever we do, we may feel the pressure of competition. However, instead of deploring competition, we should see the interrelationship between competition and cooperation. Cooperation and competition exist side by side and they are both unavoidable in human society. For example, while competing with other factories, producers and distributors of the same factory must cooperate and make coordinated efforts to satisfy the needs of customers. Business rivals have to cooperate with one another when their common market is threatened. Therefore, competition alone will not bring us success in what we are doing. In the face of competition, we should keep acquiring new skills and updating our knowledge so as to enhance our competitive ability. At the same time, we should learn the techniques of cooperating with others in the most effective manner. 2. Should We Offer Seats to Elderly People on the Bus During Rush Hours? I am amazed to read what a blogger says about offering bus seats to the elderly. He claims that "it's the young who need it more" because they go to work early in the morning and feel exhausted after a day's work. The blogger also argues that it is unfair to offer seats to the elderly since they already enjoy free rides, and suggests that during rush hours senior citizens be denied such treatment. I could never bring myself to agree with the blogger. Taking good care of the elderly is a universally accepted standard of conduct. In my opinion, offering seats to our elders is not just an indication of good manners; it is a moral issue. I always consider it my moral obligation to help others. Yes, you may feel comfortable for a while by remaining in your seat, but you will lose your character and moral values in the long run. Respecting the elderly is also our social convention. It is precisely out of our love and respect for the elderly that such special benefits as free rides are offered to them. No one can deprive senior citizens of their right to go out by bus at any time they like, and what's more, we should make sure they get special care when the bus is fully packed with passengers. Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone involved. It is through performing such small acts as offering seats to the needy that we learn to contribute to the building of a harmonious society