语法复习之前奏篇—简单句

简单句 一、简单句的定义 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫做简单句。 二、简单句的分类 Eg. He learns English. (一个主语和一个谓语) Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.(一个并列主语和一个谓语) We sang and dance yesterday evening.(一个主语和一个并列谓语) My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.(一个并列主语和一个并列谓语) A、根据句子的基本结构分为五种句型 1、主语+系动词+表语 eg. Boy is handsome. My dad is nice. It is cloudy. It sounds good. 2、主语+不及物动词 eg. Winter is coming. His father has gone abroad. The baby is crying in the next room. Boys are playing. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语 eg. I like pop music. I open the door. 4、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 eg. We must keep the room clean. He found the old man dead. 5、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 eg. She teaches us English. Father bought me a new bicycle. B、根据句子的目的分为四种句型 1、陈述句 陈述句用来叙述一项事实。 (1)基本结构:主语+谓语+… eg. The earth turns around the sun. 注:there be句型和某些句型中主语和谓语有倒装现象。 There are 12 months in a year. Hardly had the plane landed when the people ran toward it. (2) 否定结构:主语+谓语(be/have/助动词/情态动词+not)+… China is not a developed country. 当谓语由行为动词单独构成时,其否定结构为:主语+do(does或did)+not+动词原形+…… Do not waste your money. 注:never,hardly,scarcely,neither,nor,no,none,nothing,nobody等词表示否定意义。这些词所构成的句子相当于否定句,无需再加“not” None of the answers is/are correct. 2.疑问句 疑问句用来提出疑句,句末用问句“?”。疑问句的语序一般都部分倒装,即把谓语中的be(如is,are等)、助动词或情态动词等放到主语之前。当谓语由行为动词单独构成时,则须在主语前面加助动词do(或does,did等)。疑问句有下列4种形式: (1)一般疑问句 通常要求用yes或no来回答,句末通常用升调。 Are you in Junior Grade Three? 注1:对一般疑问句进行肯定回答,除了可以用yes之外,还可以用下列同义词语: certainly(一定),of course(当然),please do(请便),with pleasure(好的),if you please(随你便),quite so(相当对),exactly(正是如此),quite right(完全对),I think so(我想是这样的),yes,if you like(是啊,随意好了),by all means(完全可以,务必这样)等。 注2:英语用否定句形式提问时,回答仍可把它视为肯定句形式的问句来回答。但译成汉语时,差别很大。 Haven‘t you been to the united states? 你没去过美国吧? Yes,I have. 不,我去过。 No,I haven’t. 是,我没去过。 (2)特殊疑问句 疑问词出现在疑问句之前构成特殊疑问句,句末通常用降调。 How long have you studied English? 注1:How many English novels did she say she had read? 她说她读过几本英文小说? (句中did she say为插入语,特殊疑问句中的主语she和助动词had为正常语序) 注2:名词从句(如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)用疑问句引导时,其后面的主语、谓语不必倒装,因为这不是问句,不要求对方回答。 I wonder why he failed in the physics exam.(宾语从句中he failed 为正常语序) (3)选择疑问句 句型结构和一般疑问句相同,只是句中用连词or提供两个或更多个选择方案。语调通常前升后降。 Are you doing this exercise or that one? 3、祈使句 祈使句用来提出请求、命令等,它的谓语动词用原形,否定形式在动词原形前加don’t(=do not),主语you 常省略。 Be careful! May you succeed! 对于第一、三人称的祈使句,一般要加let,而把主语变为宾语。 Let’s(Let us) help the blind walk across the road. 4、感叹句 感叹句用来表示强烈的感情,常用what和how引出强调部分并放在句首(what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词)。 What a tall building(it is)! How beautifully she is dancing! How time flies! 练习 A、指出下列简单句各属于五种基本句型中的哪一种? 1. Mr Smith’s motherland was England. 2. Jack became a skilled taxi-driver soon. 3. The world is changing. 4. Advertisement go everywhere. 5. The building needs cleaning and repairing. 6. The boy told the policeman where he lived. 7. The policeman won’t let the thief escape. B、把下列句子改为感叹句 1. He is a clever boy. What___________________________! How____________________________! 2. It is fine weather today. What___________________________! How____________________________! 3. She loves her students dearly. __________________________________________________________________! 答案 A, 1,主系表2,主系表3,主谓4,主谓 5,主谓宾6,主谓间宾直宾7,主谓宾宾补 B,1,a clever boy he is clever he is 2, fine weather today fine the weather is today 3, How dearly she loves her students !