英语延续性动词与非延续性动词
一、用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:
begin to study?study buy —have borrow —keep come?be here
become?be come to work?work break —be broken reach/arrive in / at/ come to? be in / at close —be closed die—be dead catch ,
get a cold?have a cold fall asleep —be asleep fall ill / sick—
be ill\ sick finish ,end?be over go to sleep/get to sleep—sleep go to school?be a student/ be in ,at school get to know— know get up —be up join the Party ,League?be a Party ,League member join the army?be a soldier/be in the army leave —be away lose —be
lost marry —be married open —be open put on?be on wake —be awake
二、终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如
begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,
表
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示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完
成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即
不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能
用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( ? ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( ? ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( ? )
三、常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow,
die, join, become等.
四、终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:
?.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. ?.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则
需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
?My brother has been in the army for two years. ?My brother has
been a soldier for two years
五、延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或
产生持久的影响。如:learn，work，stand，know，walk，keep， have，
wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live等。
用“It is ,has been ，一段时间，since(一般过去时)”结构。如:
?It is ,has been three years since he died(
?It is ,has been three months since he came here(
用“多长时间，has passed ，since(一般过去时)”结构。如:
?Three years has passed since he died(
?Three months has passed since he came here(
六、终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此
可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
I haven't heard from him for two weeks(我已两个星期没收到他的信了。
He hasn't left here since 1990(自从1990年以来，他一直没有离开过这儿。
七、终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用，构成“not(((until”结构，意为“直到„„才„„”，表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如:
We won't go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops(直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。
I didn't go to bed until my father got home(直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。
在until引导的时间状语从句中，若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词，用肯定形式.例如:
She listened to the radio until her father came back(她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。
八、在while(表示“一段时间”)引导的从句中，不能用终止性动词，但when可以，因为when可表示“时间的点”，也可表示“一段时间”。如: 误:While I got to the village，it was dark(正:When I got to the
village，it was dark(
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