大学英语四级写作评分标准

英语四级考试作文评分 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 一、作文评分标准 1.本题满分为15分。 2.阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1至2份。 3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照样卷评分,若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数,则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。 4.评分标准:2分—条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分 句子 关于阅读的唯美句子关于古风的唯美句子执行力的经典句子鼓励人努力奋斗的句子用沉默代替一切的句子 均有错误,且多数为严重错误。 5分—基本切题。表达思路不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分—基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。 11分—切题。表达思路清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。 14分—切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。 二、作文的种类 若从作文体裁划分,英文作文有议论文(Argumentative Composition)、记叙文(Narrati ve Composition)、描写文(Descriptive Composition)和说明文(Expositive Compositio n),等等。四、六级作文最常见的是前两种。但若从考试的题型来看,则包括以下几种: 1、提纲式作文 用英文或中文给出提纲(outline),要求按提纲写作,目前来说,这种提纲经常是以三段的形式给出,又称三段式作文,这是四级考试的主要形式。如:1993年6月大学英语四级作文题。 2、图表式作文 包括表 格式 pdf格式笔记格式下载页码格式下载公文格式下载简报格式下载 作文。这类作文要求考生用简洁、生动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。这类作文在四级考试中只是偶然才会出现。如:1991年6月四级考试的作文题。 3、情景式作文 用中文或英文给出一个情景,让你自己去说明或评论。这类作文多见于六级和TOEFL考试之中。例:有些发明如电灯、火车、电机等,对人类极为重要。请再举一个你认为重要的发明事例,并说明你为什么认为它重要? 三、写作的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 (这里只谈四级中出现最多的提纲式)——提纲式(三段式)作文(以考场中占绝大多数的议论文写法为主) (一)抛开句子的构成、段落的展开、各类文体作文的写作技巧等理论不说,单就实用的原则来看,写四级作文应注意的主要方面有五:1.切题2.干净3.减少错误4.开门见山5.闪光点。 1.切题。拿到作文试卷后的第一件事就是———审题。作文不跑题,这似乎已是老生常谈,但要完全做到,也并非像有些考生想象的那般轻而易举。例如:Benefits of Sports(运动的好处)自然应该写运动的好处。但有些考生在列举了一系列运动的优点之后,又写道:“运动固然好处很多,但也应避免运动的过量,否则,过量的运动还是有害的。它可以使人过度疲劳,损害心肌,拉伤大腿,等等。” 殊不知,这样写着写着,不知不觉中已跑题了。本文要求你写运动的“好处”。至于其“副作用”或“坏处”,根本不应在文章的讨论范围之内。 又如:有的考生写“How university graduates find work”一文,竟写成了自己喜欢什么样的工作。这样一来,你词汇量再大,语法知识再好,也只能是“南辕北辙”了。假如把文章的重点放在“如何”一词上,就算抓住了要害。比如如何去面试,如何写自我简介,如何进行自我包装和推销,等等。由此看来,切题一事,绝不可掉以轻心。 2.干净。干净本不应列在作文的五项注意事项之内,但大家不要忘记,作文是人改的,人是有情感的。自然是喜欢干净讨厌潦草肮脏。阅卷人员每人每天要批改上百份试卷。试想你的作文如果潦草不清,成片涂改,他们会费力地去辨别甚至猜想你的本意吗?因此,作文干不干净已不再是一个战术性小事,而成了一个战略性问题。 记住,把你的作文写得干净整齐就等于向阅卷人员发送一个信息———“老师,我尊重你的辛勤劳动!”这对自己作文的得分,不是很有帮助吗? 3.减少错误。写作过程中碰到自己不会写或拿不准的词或句型,是写还是不写? 我们的看法是,尽可能不写,可以采取避开或用别的替代的方法,英语中叫做“play safe”。四级作文万一写不太高明,那也首先要保证减少错误:尽量让你的作文做到无懈可击! 例如:About Hong Kong①The Present State②Hong Kong s Past③Its Future 让我们以第一段香港的“现状”为例来看一下: Hong Kong is in the South of China.It is a beautiful and prosperous city.Its people are brave and diligent.Its position is unique and its economy is booming.People call it“the pearl in the east”. 其中,当你写到prosperous,diligent,unique,booming等词的时候,若是拿不准,怎么办呢? 这时,脑子要学会急转弯,可以用busy,hardˉworking,special,甚至good来替代。尽管busy并不能完全代表prosperous的意思,但是,车水马龙、热闹繁忙的景象,还是可以基本上表达出来的。 需要指出的是,“play safe”这一招并不意味着我们不必下苦功去记一些必要的、十分基本的词汇,有些词的使用率很高,比如computer,environment,efficiency等,是避不开的。还有的考生上了考场,连modern,society,pollution,甚至benefit这类词都拼写不准,那就不能不给人一个基本功太差的印象。 4.开门见山。 5.闪光点。 这两个术语是什么意思呢? 让我们看一看“Good Health”这篇作文。①Importance of good health②Ways to keep fit. ③My own practices. 先看第一段“好身体的重要性”,有的考生写道:“With the rapid development of our econ omy,with the improvement of our living standard,with more and more people s r ealization of the importance of good health,now people are attaching greater impor tance to their health.”“随着经济的飞速发展,随着人民生活的改善,随着大家对健康的重要性的了解,…”不要忘记,四级作文总共才要你写百十来个字,你一开头 就罗罗嗦嗦说了三四十个字,还没有说到正题上,多么不得要领。切记,好的作文应该单刀直入,直截了当。不要兜圈子,绕弯子,第一句话最好就采用“topic sentence”,点明主题,重点突出———这叫“开门见山”。 因此,我们上来就应该写: “Good health is important to everyone.” “开门见山”之后,也就是旗帜鲜明地亮出自己的观点之后,下面我们应该用事例来支持自己的观点,这些事例,就叫做“闪光点”,如果事例很多,还可以采用“First”,“Second”,“Thir d”这类的排列方法。 有的考生会说,写议论文先端出论点,再给出论据,这我知道,但是,有时候我想不起来事实或例子来支持自己的结论怎么办? 这时,有两个相当重要的词汇大家应该铭记在心———“with”和“without”,尤其是后一个,议论文中几乎可以算是一把开启各式门锁的“万能钥匙”。如:Good health is very importan t to everyone.With it,we can study hard;We can serve the country;We can do ever ything as we like.Without good health,everybody knows,we will fail to do things; We can twork efficiently;We may stay in hospital;We ll become a burden of our family,etc. 记住,with、without不是在说废话,而是在用“正证法”和“反证法”来论述事情。我们再看第二段“保持健康的方法”。 In my opinion,there are two ways for me to keep fit.First,we must eat a balance d diet.That is to say—we must eat not only eggs,fish,meat but also some vegeta bles and fruit everyday.Besides eating,drinking clean water is also important.Never get addicted to drinking the so-called“soft drinks”.Second,exercising is a vital part o f our daily life.We can do some running in the morning and play football in the aft ernoon. 至于第三段,“我的实践”,有的考生会问:“写点什么呢?”不要忘记,第二段中提到“吃”与“锻炼”是保持健康的最佳途径,那么,第三段还写“吃”与“锻练”———我自己是怎么做的,不就行了吗?还有人会说:“我以前做得不好,那我就写自己的决心和保证吧!” “From today on,I will...;I will...;”或者“I plan to do it as follows...”那叫“我的实践”吗? 顶多算是“我的希望”或“我的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ”。这样写就跑题了。可见,切题不仅是指全文,三段中的每一段也存在是否切题这样一个问题。有的考生这样写第三段,就基本上可以说是达到要求了: As a university student,I pay much attention to my physical exerciser.I do some s wimming in Summer and some skating in Winter,I often play badminton and tenni s.I m also careful with my diet.In a word,keeping healthy is not very hard if you j ust take it seriously. (二)有人可能会问:知道了这几项原则,上了考场我为什么还是写不出来呢?这就牵涉到英文作文的两大考试目的了。 英文作文到底要考大家什么?我们认为,主要考查你的两大方面———思路表达与英文水平。有的考生一拿到作文题常常会抓耳挠腮,不知道该写些什么,肚里空空如也,这叫做:“没有思路”;也有的人,思路倒有,只是“英文水平”较低;当然,更有一些人“思路”没有,“英文”也不怎么样,要拿高分,其难度就可想而知了。下面,我们分别来谈谈“思路”与“英文”这两件事。 大家知道,到了考场上,作文的第一件事是———思路。有些人,没有思路,只好随心所欲,信手写去,写着写着,自己也不知道写到哪里了。这种作文,难道会条理清楚?难道会中心突出?又怎么能做到干净整洁,不乱涂乱画?因此,拿到作文后的第一件事就是要审题并列出一个提纲。这就好比家中要待客先列出一份菜单一样。菜单列好后,按单去把菜买好,这就叫“素材”,再炒好端上桌,就叫“英文表达”了。 没有菜单,再高明的作家也会“巧妇难为无米之炊”的。列“菜单”,即作文的提纲不必过长,寥寥数语,中、英文皆可。万一上了考场没有稿纸,把准考证翻过来,只言片语可矣! 例如作文“Electricity and Our Daily Life”.①Electricity is essential in our daily life.②If t here were no electricity,...③Therefore,... 【Outline】 ①电的用途:提供动力/照明/日常生活。②假如没有电:生产/生活,都会受到影响。③因此,我们要节约用电。 Electricity is essential in our daily life.It runs the machines in factories;It starts the vehicles and light the streets and rooms.With it,we can watch TV,listen to the tap e recorder,cook meals or store food in the fridge.In a word,it helps us a lot in o ur daily life. If there were no electricity,all the machines would stop working.At night,it would be very dark.We would have to wash our clothes with our hands.Students would us e oil lamps to do their homework.We would live as our ancestors did centuries ago. Therefore,electricity is very important to us.Our life cannot go on without it,not t o mention the construction of our country.Our country is short of electricity,now. S o,everybody should try to save it. (三)提纲列出之后,下一步就是用比较标准的英文将你想要说的意思表达出来,这就需要有较好的英文基本功底:包括单词、句子结构、语法、词组等等。下面,大家先看两篇作文,其思路还算清晰,文章比较切题,层次也很合理,但是,单就其语言文字方面,有哪些主要问题呢?【例】Traffic in Big Cities 1.Traffic has become a social problem in big cities. 2.One way to solve this problem is... 3.Another way is... Traffic has become a social problem in big cities. Of course,have a car is a good t hing,but if every person own a car,the streets will became too crowded. So,traff ic jams occurred during the rush hours and accidents happened more often. One way to solve this problem is develop public transportation system.For example, we should buy more buses and we should built more roads,especially round-the-cit y roads And underground trains is also a good solution. Another way is to reduce t he big city s population. Our country population control is a wise and necessary policy.If big city people redu ce,traffic will less crowded. 第一句抄起始句,无问题。第二句,作者想说:“有车是件好事。”于是就采取了汉语的表达方式:“have a car is a good thing”,但英文就大错特错了。须知,英文的主语一般只能是四部分组成:名词(含代词)、动名词ving、动词不定式to及句子。动词have是万万不能当主语的。所以,至少应改为“having”。接下来,every person那动词own自然应该加“s”了。streets will后面动词用原形become,第三行so大写“s”,Traffic Jams occurred and accidents happened.动词完全不需要用过去式,那样,就给人以一种:“事情已过去了,现在已经不堵车,也没有交通事故了”的印象。所以,切记,议论文中使用过去式 一定要合理,不要滥用。 第二段“One way to solve this problem is to develop...”才行。一般来说,每句话只应有一个谓语动词(并列时当成一个看),所以,有了“is”,“develop”必须消掉(消动词有三招, to v,ving,ved过去分词)。We should build...,And应小写。underground trains is...主谓语不协调或改为trains are,或改为train is,后者更好些,因为此处不是在查数,而是在讲一种情况:“地铁”这种形式,是一个好办法。 末一段可改为: Our country s population control is a wise and necessary policy.If the number of th e people in big cities is reduced,traffic will become less crowded. 综上所述,一篇英文要想写得很地道,起码应注意以下几个方面: ①主语是上述四部分之一吗? ②谓语动词是一个吗?(每句话一个,从句也算一句话)这个动词时态、语态、语气正确吗?若是在shall,will,must,may,can等情态或助动词后,用原形了吗?除了这个谓语之外的 其它动词消掉了吗?(叫做动词的非谓语形式) ③主语与谓语一致吗? ④及物动词或介词后,使用宾语的形式了吗?(主、系表除外) ⑤定语或状语的位置放的合理吗? ⑥从句的引导词使用恰当吗? ⑦单词有没有拼写错误? (四)现在,我们已经知道了作文大体上怎样写: ①审题并列出提纲(约5分钟) ②开始写:(1)切题(2)干净(3)少犯错误(4)开门见山(5)闪光点(约20分钟) ③交卷前检查(1)拼写错误(2)语法错误等(约5分钟) 2013年6月大学英语四级考试 作文标准版点评 The importance of doing small things From the carton, we can clearly see that the boy is worried about disposing of nuclear waste, while his father tells him to empty the dustbin first. This carton reminds me of a Chinese saying:If you don't clean the room(solve your problems), then how can you control the world. However, most people always attach great importance to something big, but neglect small things. In my opinion, it is necessary and important to do small things. On the one hand, doing small things well helps us to develop good habits, which set a good foundation for our future development. There is no doubt that one of the greatest differences between success and failure is the importance placed on little things. On the other hand, the big is the little. If something needs to be done, it is big. No matter what kinds of task, if it is worth doing, it can be big. Taking all these into account, we can easily notice that it is reasonable to do small things before big ones. So before doing important things, let’s empty our dustbin first! 【点评】 本次四级作文是一篇图画作文,大家对于这样的作文形式应该不会陌生吧,历年考题中也曾出现过类似题型,所以这也算老生常谈了。 图画作文题目怎么写呢?首先要确立文章的基本思想,这是最重要的。我们要确定图画给我们传达的是一个什么样的信息。本次作文的重点就在这一句话”the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big”。从图画中男孩与父亲的对话 中我们基本可以判断出出题人的初衷是想说在做大事情之前要先做好小事情,正好对应了中国的一句谚语:一屋不扫何以扫天下。基本思想确立以后我们就可以按套路出牌了。 第一段,我们首先用一两句话对图片做一个简洁的描述,然后总体陈述大多数人的做法; 第二段,第二段总起句表明自己的观点,观点一定要陈述清楚,不能含糊。说明doing small things 非常重要,然后就这一观点分别详述原因,one the one hand,… one the other hand…; 第三段,总结,一句话概括刚才所支持的观点或原因,最后一句话考生可以照应开篇,也可以表决心,比如I decide to …..。 2007月6月 CET4(四级)作文评分的标准样卷 2 Points In our school has many clubs to students choose. There are drawing club, swimming club, writing club, reading club and so on. The students very likes take part in clubs. The club major active has many students. Students to join a club is good to yourselves. Not only increase knowledge, but also chance charator. It is enjoy to our campus life. I likes join clubs very much. So I have join drawing club. Although I drawing not very well, but I like drawing. There are many students join reading club. The reading club is reading book, newspaper and so on. If you will think join reading club, you can find LiMing. He is the reading club’s major. He will fell you useful to join the club. You will also join the other clubs. You will ask Miss Chen which the better to other clubs. You will be interesting in clubs by yourselves. As we is known, the campus life what exciting for us, we are enjoy to our school life. 5 Points Nowadays there are many clubs in the University. Maybe many people enter the collenge don’t know how to choose a club what he want. Our club founded ten years. It’s the biggest club in our university. There are many activity in our clbus, for example, we will put a reading speech for a book, we will talk to each other about our pointment, we will enjoy many other students who has any experience. Enter our clubs, you can have many new friends. We have many chance to learn for each other. In our clubs, you have many chance to do what you like, and you can tell everyone to do with together. Reading many books and talk with others can imporve your ability and knowledge. You can have a happy life in our club. How to enter the reading clubs? It’s very simiple. If you like it, you want to enter it, you can send a Email for www.reading@163.com or go to the reading road in our school. The reading club welcome you. 8 Points Do you want tto have some different life against what you ever had? If so, join us. Our club is just for the young people, not matter you are a boy or a girl. And our club is named “Happy”, you can find some happy during the time you played with us. In our club, there will be many fun things we will have, for example, sometimes we will get together to have a party, and the party will not only one style, we will get the idea from all the members in our club. Sometimes may be you can have a travel near our school. Of course if you want to go for away from our school is also OK. In our club, you will make many new friends, and the life will become more comfortable. You will get more happy time in your memory. If you want to join us, you can go to the room 200 in F building or send us a e-mail. Thank you! 11 Points Boys and girls, Attention, please. I have an important announcement to make. I’d like to intorduce our club to you, the name of our club is English Family, and it’s five-star club in our university. There are many interesting activities if you join it. We have morning readings at the English corner every day, and we also offer you some useful reading materials. Besides we have English salon every Tuesday for you to practice. What’s more , in weekends you can enjoy some American movies offered by us. If you join our club, you will surely gain a lot. You can improve your English, make more friends and watch a lot of interesting movies. English is so important today, you’d better grasp any opportunity to improve it. If you are interested in our club, don’t wait and join us. Come to the Deligence Road tomorrow and sign your name. then we are all members of English Family. 14 Points Dear students, Are you still worrying about how to improve your English? If so, don’t hesitate to join our club PYE. Our club aims at practising Your English. We gather to discuss books written in English and offfer opportunities to learn from native speakers every week. We not only invite famous language experts to deliver speeches but also hold new them activities on a regular basis. If you join our club, you will get an advantage over your fellow students in the number of chances to have contacts with people from English-speakng countries. It will be easier for you to step closer to the English literature as well. So, email us at pre@pre.com and send your application to us. Club fee is 10 yuan for a semester. It should be collected in advance. We are here waiting for you to come soon!