中国二十四节气

中国二十四节气 中文名称:二十四节气 英文名称:twenty-four solar terms 定义1: 根据视太阳在黄道上的位臵～划分反映我国一定地区(以黄河中下游地区 为代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf )一年中的自然现象与农事季节特征的二十四个节候。即:立春、 雨水、惊蛰、春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、 立秋、处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、 大寒。 应用学科: 大气科学,一级学科,,应用气象学,二级学科, 定义2: 太阳在黄道上的位臵～反映我国一定地区(以黄河中下游地区为代表)一年 中的自然现象与农事季节特征的二十四个节候。即:立春、雨水、惊蛰、 春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、处暑、 白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒。 应用学科: 地理学,一级学科,,气候学,二级学科, 定义3: 反映一年中自然现象和农事活动季节特征的二十四个节候。即立春、雨水、 惊蛰、春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、 处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒。 应用学科: 资源科技,一级学科,,气候资源学,二级学科, 百科名片 二十四节气对应日期 二十四节气是中国古代订立的一种用来指导农事的补充历法～是在春秋战国时期形成的。由于中国农历是一种“阴阳合历”～即根据太阳也根据月亮的运行制定的～因此不能完全反映太阳运行周期～但中国又是一个农业社会～农业需要严格了解太阳运行情况～农事完全根据太阳进行～所以在历法中又加入了单独反映太阳运行周期的“二十四节气”～用作确定闰月的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 。二十四节气能反映季节的变化～指导农事活动～影响着千家万户的衣食住行。二十四节气是根据太阳在黄道,即地球绕太阳公转的轨道,上的位臵来划分的。 节气简介 二十四节气: 春雨惊春清谷天～夏满芒夏暑相连～秋处露秋寒霜降～ 冬雪雪冬小大寒。 [1] 由于2000年来～我国的主要政治活动中心多集中在黄河流域～二十四节气也就是以这一带的气候、物候为依据建立起来的。由于我国幅员辽阔～地形多变～故二十四节气对于很多地区来讲只是一种参考。 远在春秋时代～就定出仲春、仲夏、仲秋和仲冬等四个节气。以后不断地改进与完善～到秦汉年间～二十四节气已完全确立。公元前104年～由邓平等制定的《太初历》～正式把二十四节气订于历法～明确了二十四节气的天文位臵。 在古代～一年分为十二个月纪～每个月纪有两个节气。在前的为节历～在后的为中气～如立春为正月节～雨水为正月中～后人就把节历和中气统称为节气。 二十四节气是根据太阳在黄道,即地球绕太阳公转的轨道,上的位臵来划分的。视太阳从春分点,黄经零度～此刻太阳垂直照射赤道,出发～每前进15度为一个节气,运行一周又回到春分点～为一回归年～合360度～因此分为24个节气。节气的日期在阳历中是相对固定的～如立春总是在阳历的2月3日至5日之间。但在农历中～节气的日期却不大好确定～再以立春为例～它最早可在上一年的农历12月15日～最晚可在正月15日。现在的农历既不是阴历也不是阳历～而是阴历与阳历结合的一种阴阳历。农历存在闰月～如按照正月初一至腊月除夕算作一年～则农历每一年的天数相差比很大,闰年13个月,。为了规范年的天数～农历纪年,天干地支,每年的第一天并不是正月初一～而是立春。即农历的一年是从当年的立春到次年立春的前一天。例如2008年是农历戊子年～戊子年的第一天不是公历2008年2月7日,农历正月初一,～而是公历2008年2月5日。 节气简表 节气 太阳黄经度数 所在公历日期 所在苗历日期* 所分三个气候 立春 315? 2月3——5日 苗历偏月十六日 东风解冻、蛰虫始振、鱼上冰 雨水 330? 2月18——20日 苗历一月一日 獭祭鱼、鸿雁来、草木萌动 惊蛰 345? 3月5——7日 苗历一月十六日 桃始花、仓庚鸣、鹰化为鸠 春分 0? 3月20——21日 苗历二月一日 玄鸟至、雷乃发声、始电 清明 15? 4月4——6日 苗历二月十六日 桐始华、鼠化为鴽、虹始见 谷雨 30? 4月19——21日 苗历三月一日 萍始生、鸣鸠拂其羽、戴胜降于桑 立夏 45? 5月5——7日 苗历三月十六日 蝼蝈鸣、蚯蚓出、王瓜生 小满 60? 5月20——22日 苗历四月一日 苦菜秀、靡草死、小暑至 芒种 75? 6月5——7日 苗历四月十六日 螳螂生、鵙始鸣、反舌无声 夏至 90? 6月21——22日 苗历五月一日 鹿角解、蜩始鸣、半夏生 小暑 105? 7月6——8日 苗历五月十六日 温风至、蟋蟀居辟、鹰乃学习 大暑 120? 7月22——24日 苗历六月一日 腐草化为萤、土润溽暑、大雨时行 立秋 135?8月7——9日 苗历六月十六日 凉风至、白露降、寒蝉鸣 处暑 150? 8月22——24日 苗历七月一日 鹰乃祭鸟、天地始肃、禾乃登 白露 165? 9月7——9日 苗历七月十六日 鸿雁来、玄鸟归、群鸟养羞 秋分 180? 9月22——24日 苗历八月一日 雷始收声、蛰虫培户、水始涸 寒露 195? 10月8——9日 苗历八月十六日 鸿雁来宾、雀攻大水为蛤、菊有黄花 霜降 210? 10月23——24日 苗历九月一日 豺乃祭兽、草木黄落、蛰虫咸俯 立冬 225? 11月7——8日 苗历九月十六日 水始冰、地始冻、雉入大水为蜃 二十四节气(1张) 小雪 240? 11月22——23日 苗历十月一日 虹藏不见、天气上腾、闭塞而成冬 大雪 255? 12月6——8日 苗历十月十六日 鴠鸟不鸣、虎始交、荔挺生 冬至 270? 12月21——23日 苗历动月一日,苗历新年, 蚯蚓结、麋角解、水泉动 小寒 285? 1月5——7日 苗历动月十六日 雁北向、鹊始巢、雉始雊 大寒 300? 1月20——21日 苗历偏月一日 鸡始乳、鸷鸟厉疾、水泽腹坚 *注:关于24节气的准确日期～请参照该年苗族历法的每月一、十六日～如冬至为苗历新年～2008年冬至为12月21日～但2009年冬至却为12月22日～因为2009年12月21日为苗历十月三十日,苗历除夕,～22日才是苗历新年。 节气来历 早在春秋战国时代～我国人民中就有了日南至、日北至的概念。随后人们根据月初、月中的日月运行位臵和天气及动植物生长等自然现象～利用之间的关系～把一年平分为二十四等份。并且给每等份取了个专有名称～这就是二十四节气。到战国后期成书的《吕氏春秋》“十二月纪”中～就有了立春、春分、立夏、夏至、立秋、秋分、立冬、冬至等八个节气名称。这八个节气～是二十四个节气中最重要的节气。这八个节气标示出季节的转换～清楚地划分出一年的四季。后来到了《淮南子》一书的时候～就有了和现代完全一样的二十四节气的名称。 节气划分 有人认为二十四节气从属农历～其实～它是根据阳历划定的。即根据太阳在黄道上的位臵～把一年划分为24个彼此相等的段落。也就是把黄道分成24个等份～每等份各占黄经15?。由于太阳通过每等份所需的时间几乎相等～二十四节气的公历日期每年大致相同:上半年在6日、21日前后～下半年在8日、23日前后。并有两句口诀: 上半年来六、廿一～ 下半年来八、廿三。 古时把节气称“气”～每月有两个气:前一个气叫“节气”～后一个气叫“中气”。二十四节气按月分布情况如下表～它又同农历闰月的安排有着密切的关系。在农历中～以立春为二十四个节气的头一个节气。二十四个节气的名称～是随着斗纲所指的地方并结合当时的自然气候与景观命名而来的。所谓斗纲～就是北斗七星中的魁、衡、杓三颗星随着天体的运行～斗纲指向不同的方向和位臵～其所指的位臵就是所代表的月份。如正月为寅～黄昏时杓指寅～半夜衡指寅～白天魁指寅,二月为卯～黄昏时杓指卯～半夜衡指卯～白天魁指卯～其余的月份类推。 节气日期速算法 通式寿星公式——[Y×D+C]-L Y=年代数、D=0.2422、L=闰年数、C取决于节气和年份。 本世纪立春的C值=4.475～求2017年的立春日期如下: [2017×0.2422+4.475]-[2017/4-15]=492-489=3 所以2017年的立春日期是2月3日 节气名称含义 二十四节气是根据太阳在黄道,即地球绕太阳公转的轨道,上的位臵来划分的。视太阳从春分点,黄经零度～此刻太阳垂直照射赤道,出发～ 每前进15度为一个节气,运行一周又回到春分点～为一回归年～合360度～因此分为24个节气。节气的日期在阳历中是相对固定的～如立春总是在阳历的2月3日至5日之间。但在农历中～节气的日期却不大好确定～再以立春为例～它最早可在上一年的农历12月15日～最晚可在正月15日。 从二十四节气的命名可以看出～节气的划分充分考虑了季节、气候、物候等自然现象的变化。其中～立春、立夏、立秋、立冬是用来反映季节的～是一年四个季节的开始将一年划分为春、夏 、秋、冬四个季节。春分、秋分、夏至、冬至是从天文角度来划分的～反映了太阳高度变化的转折点。由于中国地域辽阔～具有非常明显的季风性和大陆性气候～各地天气气候差异巨大～因此不同地区的四季变化也有很大差异。 小暑、大暑、处暑、小寒、大寒等五个节气反映气温的变化～用来表示一年中不同时期寒热程度,雨水、谷雨、小雪、大雪四个节气反映了降水现象～表明降雨、降雪的时间和强度,白露、寒露、霜降三个节气表面上反映的是水汽凝结、凝华现象～但实质上反映出了气温逐渐下降的过程和程度:气温下降到一定程度～水汽出现凝露现象,气温继续下降～不仅凝露增多～而且越来越凉,当温度降至摄氏零度以下～水汽凝华为霜。 小满、芒种则反映有关作物的成熟和收成情况,惊蛰、清明反映的是自然物候现象～尤其是惊蛰～它用天上初雷和地下蛰虫的复苏～来预示春天的回归 立春、立夏、立秋、立冬——亦合称“四立”～分别表示四季的开始。“立”即开始的意思。公历上一般在每年的2月4日、5月5日、8月7日和11月7日前后。 “四立”表示的是天文季节的开始～从气候上说～一般还在上一季节～如立春黄河流域仍在隆冬。 夏至、冬至——合称“二至”～表示天文上夏天、冬天的极致。“至”意为极、最。夏至日、冬至日一般在每年公历的6月21日和12月22日。夏至雨连连～冬至雪纷纷。 春分、秋分——合称“二分”～表示昼夜长短相等。“分”即平分的 意思。这两个节气一般在每年公历的3月20日和9月23日左右。 雨水——表示降水开始～雨量逐步增多。公历每年的2月18日前后为雨水。 惊蛰——春雷乍动～惊醒了蛰伏在土壤中冬眠的动物。这时气温回升较快～渐有春雷萌动。每年公历的3月5日左右为惊蛰。 清明——含有天气晴朗、空气清新明洁、逐渐转暖、草木繁茂之意。另有清淡明智之意。公历每年大约4月5日为清明。 谷雨——雨水增多～大大有利谷类作物的生长。公历每年4月20日前后为谷雨。 小满——其含义是夏熟作物的籽粒开始灌浆饱满～但还未成熟～只是小满～还未大满。大约每年公历5月21日这天为小满。 芒种——麦类等有芒作物成熟～夏种开始。每年的6月5日左右为芒种。芒种火烧天 小暑、大暑、处暑——暑是炎热的意思。小暑还未达最热～大暑才是最热时节～处暑是暑天即将结束的日子。它们分别处在每年公历的7月7日、7月23日和8月23日左右。 白露——气温开始下降～天气转凉～早晨草木上有了露水。每年公历的9月7日前后是白露。 寒露——气温更低～空气已结露水～渐有寒意。这一天一般在每年的10月8日。 霜降——天气渐冷～开始有霜。霜降一般是在每年公历的10月23日。 小雪、大雪——开始降雪～小和大表示降雪的程度。小雪在每年公 历11月22日～大雪则在12月7日左右。 小寒、大寒——天气进一步变冷～小寒还未达最冷～大寒为一年中最冷的时候。公历1月5日和该月的20日左右为小、大寒。 二十四节气反映了太阳的周年视运动～所以节气在现行的公历中日期基本固定～上半年在6日、21日～下半年在8日、23日～前后不差1，2天。 节气分解 立春 自秦代以来～我国就一直以立春作为春季的开始。立春是从天文上来划分的～而在自然界、在人们的心目中～春是温暖～鸟语花香,春是生长～耕耘播种。在气候学中～春季是指候,5天为一候,平均气温10?至22?的时段。时至立春～人们明显地感觉到白昼长了～太阳暖了。气温、日照、降雨～这时常处于一年中的转折点～趋于上升或增多。小春作物长势加快～油菜抽苔和小麦拔节时耗水量增加～应该及时浇灌追肥～促进生长。农谚提醒人们:“立春雨水到～早起晚睡觉”大春备耕也开始了。虽然立了“春”～但是盆地大部分地区仍会有霜冻出现～少数年份还会有“白雪却嫌春色晚～故穿庭树作飞花”的景象。这些气候特点～在安排农业生产时都是应该考虑到的。人们常爱寻觅春的信息在哪里呢,那柳条上探出头来的芽苞～“嫩于金色软于丝”,那泥土中跃跃欲出的小草～等待“春风吹又生”,而为着夺取新丰收在田野中辛勤劳动的人们～正在用双手创造真正的春天。 雨水 雨水节气的涵义是降雨开始～雨量渐增～在二十四节气的起源地黄河流域～雨水之前天气寒冷～但见雪花纷飞～难闻雨声淅沥。雨水之后气温一般可升至0?以上～雪渐少而雨渐多。可是在气候温暖的四川盆地～即使 隆冬时节～降雨也不罕见。四川盆地这段时间候平均气温多在10?以上～桃李含苞～樱桃花开～确以进入气候上的春天。除了个别年份外～霜期至此也告终止。嫁接果木～植树造林～正是时候。盆地继冬干之后～常年多春旱～特别是盆地西部更是“春雨贵如油”。农业上要注意保墒～及时浇灌～以满足小麦拔节孕穗、油菜抽苔开花需水关键期的水分供应。川西高原山地仍处于干季～空气温度小～风速大～容易发生森林火灾。另外～寒潮入侵时可引起强降温和暴风雪～对老、弱、幼畜危害极大。所有这些～都要特别注意预防。光阴易逝～季节催人～“一年之计在于春”。小春管理和大春备耕都应抓紧进行～争取今年胜过往年。 惊蛰 反映自然物候现象的惊蛰～含义是:春雷乍动～惊醒了蛰伏在土中冬眠的动物。这时～气温回升较快～长江流域大部地区已渐有春雷。四川盆地东部和凉山州南部～常年雨水、惊蛰亦可闻春雷初鸣,而盆地西北部除了个别年份以外～一般要到清明才有雷声～为我省雷暴开始最晚的地区。到了惊蛰～我国大部地区进入春耕大忙季节。真是:季节不等人～一刻值千金。我省盆地惊蛰节气平均气温一般为12?至14?～较雨水节气升高3?以上～是全年气温回升最快的节气。日照时数也有比较明显的增加。但是因为冷暖空气交替～天气不稳定～气温波动甚大。盆地东南部长江河谷地区～多数年份惊势期间气温稳定在12?以上～有利于水稻和玉米播种～其余地区则常有连续3天以上日平均气温在12?以下的低温天气出现～不可盲目早播。惊蛰虽然气温升高迅速～但是雨量增多却有限。盆地中部和西北部惊蛰期间降雨总量仅10毫米左右～继常年冬干之后～春旱常常开始露头。这时小麦孕穗、油菜开花都处于需水较多的时期～对水分要求敏感～春旱往往成为影响小春产量的重要因素。植树造林也应该考虑这个气候特点～栽后要勤于浇灌～努力提高树苗成活率。惊蛰时节～春光明媚～万象更新。通过细致观察～积累物候知识～对于因地制宜地安排农事活动是会有帮助的。 春分 春分是反映四季变化的节气之一。中国古代习惯以立春、立夏、立秋、立冬表示四季的开始。春分、夏至、秋分、冬至则处于各季的中间。春分这天～太阳光直射赤道～地球各地的昼夜时间相等～所以古代春分秋分又称为“日夜分”～民间有“春分秋分～昼夜平分”的谚语。春分后～中国大部分地区越冬作物进入春季生长阶段。华中有“春分麦起身～一刻值千金”的农谚。我省各地气温则继续回升～但一般不如雨水至春分这段时期上升得快。3月下旬平均气温盆地北部多为13?至15?～盆地南部多为15? 至16?。高原大部分地区已经雪融冰消～旬平均气温约5?至10?。我省西南部金沙江、安宁河等河谷地区气温最高～平均已达18?至20?左右。盆地除了边缘山区以外～平均十有七、八年日平均气温稳定上升到12?以上～有利于水稻、玉米等作物播种～植树造林也非常适宜。但是～春分前后盆地常常有一次较强的冷空气入侵～气温显著下降～最低气温可低至5?以下。有时还有小股冷空气接踵而至～形成持续数天低温阴雨～对农业生产不利。根据这个特点～应充分利用天气预报～抓住冷尾暖头适时播种。 清明 清明是表征物候的节气～含有天气晴朗、草木繁茂的意思。清明这天～民间有踏青、寒食、扫墓等习俗。常言道:“清明断雪～谷雨断霜。”时至清明～盆地气候温暖～春意正浓。但在清明前后～仍然时有冷空气入侵～甚至使日平均气温连续3天以上低于12?～造成中稻烂秧和早稻死苗～所以水稻播种、栽插要避开暖尾冷头。在川西高原～牲畜经严冬和草料不足的影响～抵抗力弱～需要严防开春后的强降温天气对老弱幼畜的危害。“清明时节雨纷纷”～是唐代著名诗人杜牧对江南春雨的写照。但是就四川而言～情况并非如此。特别是盆地西部～常处于春旱时段～4月上旬雨量一般仅10至20毫米～尚不足江南一带的一半,盆地东部虽然春雨较多～但4月上旬雨量一般也不过20至40毫米～自然降水亦不敷农业生产之需还须靠年前蓄水补充。此外～4月是凉山州一年之中冰雹最多的月份～应当加强对雹灾的防御。 谷雨 俗话说:“雨生百谷”。雨量充足而及时～谷类作物能够茁壮生长。谷雨节气就有这样的涵义。谷雨时节的四川盆地～“杨花落尽子规啼”～柳絮飞落～杜鹃夜啼～牡丹吐蕊～樱桃红熟～自然景物告示人们:时至暮春了。这时～盆地的气温升高较快～一般4月下旬平均气温～除了盆地北部和西部部分地区外～已达20?至22?～比中旬增高2?以上。盆地东部常会有一、二天出现30以上的高温～使人开始有炎热之感。川西南低海拔河谷地带业以进入夏季。盆地春季气温较高的气候特点～有利于在大春作物栽培措施上抓早。适宜红苕栽插的温度为18?至22?～这时已能满足。盆地老旱区的经验证明～红苕在谷雨后早栽～能够在伏旱前使藤叶封厢～增强抗旱能力～获得高产稳产。四川盆地东部这时雨水较丰～常年4月下旬雨量约30至50毫米～每年第一场大雨一般出现在这段时间～对水稻栽插和玉米、棉花苗期生长有利。但是盆地其余地区雨水大多不到30毫米～需要采取灌溉措施～减轻干旱影响。川西高原山地～仍处于干季～降水量一般仅5至20毫米。盆地谷雨前后的降雨～常常“随风潜入夜～润物细无 声”～这是因为“巴山夜雨”以4、5月份出现机会最多。“蜀天常夜雨～江槛已朝清”～这种夜雨昼晴天气～对大春作物生长和小春作物收获是颇为适宜的。 立夏 顾名思义～立夏是指夏季开始。但是～各地冷暖不同～入夏时间实际上并不一致。按气候学上以五天平均气温高于22?为夏季的标准～立夏前后～四川盆地南部刚跨进夏季,盆地其余的地区气温为20?左右～还处于“门外无人问落花～绿阴冉冉遍天涯”的暮春时节,而川西南低海拔河谷则早在4月中旬初即感夏热～立夏时气温已达24?以上～可谓夏日炎炎了。《易纬》有立夏“电见”之说。但就四川而言～即使在初雷最晚的盆地西北部～常年雷暴也始于4月上、中旬～“电见”无须等到立夏。立夏以后～正是盆地中稻大面积栽插的需水关键期～大雨来临的早迟和雨量的多少～与农业生产关系密切。此时如不下较大的雨～那些无水灌溉的农田就无法梨耙栽秧。据气候资料统计～多年平均大雨开始期～盆地东部在4月中、下旬～中部在5月中、下旬～西部在5月下旬。5月雨量盆地东南部为100至200毫米～西北部为75至100毫米。盆地西部、中部因大雨开始较晚～雨量偏少～往往有夏旱露头。这段时间～正当盆地收获小春作物～播栽大春作物～特别要注意多变天气的影响。晴天要及时抢收～雨天应抓紧栽插～连阴雨天气须提防小春收获物生芽、霉烂～还要搞好抗旱保苗～警惕20?以下的低温对早稻的危害。 小满 二十四节气大多可以顾名思义～但是小满却有些令人费解。原来～小满是指麦类等夏熟作物灌浆乳熟～籽粒开始饱满。四川盆地的农谚赋予小满以新的寓意:“小满不满～干断思坎”,“小满不满～芒种不管”。把“满”用来形容雨水的盈缺～指出小满时田里如果蓄不满水～就可能造成田坎干裂～甚至芒种时也无法栽插水稻。因为“立夏小满正栽秧”～“秧奔小满谷奔秋”～小满正是适宜水稻栽插的季节。盆地的夏旱严重与否～和水稻栽插面积的多少～有直接的关系,而栽插的迟早～又与水稻单产的高低密切相关。盆地中部和西部～常有冬干春旱～大雨来临又较迟～有些年份要到6月大雨才姗姗而来～最晚甚至可迟至7月。加之常年小满节气雨量不多～平均仅40毫米左右～自然降雨量不能满足栽秧需水量～使得水源缺乏的盆地中部夏旱更为严重。俗话说:“蓄水如蓄粮”～“保水如保粮”。为了抗御干旱～除了改进耕作栽培措施和加快植树造林外～特别需要注意抓好头年的蓄水保水工作。但是～也要注意可能出现的连续阴雨天 气～对小春作物收晒的影响。川西高原山地区～这时多已进入雨季～作物生长旺盛～欣欣向荣。 芒种 芒种是表征麦类等有芒作物的成熟～是一个反映农业物候现象的节气。时至芒种～四川盆地麦收季节已经过去～中稻、红苕移栽接近尾声。大部地区中稻进入返青阶段～秧苗嫩绿～一派生机。“东风染尽三千顷～折鹭飞来无处停”的诗句～生动的描绘了这时田野的秀丽景色。到了芒种时节～盆地内尚未移栽的中稻～应该抓紧栽插,如果再推迟～因气温提高～水稻营养生长期缩短～而且生长阶段又容易遭受干旱和病虫害～产量必然不高。红苕移栽至迟也要赶在夏至之前,如果栽苕过迟～不但干旱的影响会加重～而且待到秋来时温度下降～不利于薯块膨大～产量亦将明显降低。农谚“芒种忙忙栽”的道理就在这里。 夏至 夏至这天～太阳直射北回归线～是北半球一年中白昼最长的一天～四川各地从日出到日没大多为十四小时左右。夏至这虽然白昼最长～太阳高度角最高～但并不是一年中最热的的时候。因为～近地层的热量～这时还在继续积蓄～并没有达到最多之时。过了夏至～我省盆地农业生产因农作物生长旺盛～杂草、病虫迅速滋长蔓延而进入田间管理时期～高原牧区则开始了草肥畜旺的黄金季节。这时～盆地西部雨水量显著增加～使入春以来盆地雨量东多西少的分布形势～逐渐转变为西多东少。如有夏旱～一般这时可望解除。近三十年来～盆地西部6月下旬出现大范围洪涝的次数虽不多～但程度却比较严重。因此～要特别注意作好防洪准备。夏至节气是盆地东部全年雨量最多的节气～往后常受副热带高压控制～出现伏旱。为了增强抗旱能力～夺取农业丰收～在这些地区～抢蓄伏前雨水是一项重要措施。夏至以后地面受热强烈～空气对流旺盛～午后至傍晚常易形成雷阵雨。这种热雷雨骤来疾去～降雨范围小～人们称为“夏雨隔田坎”。唐代诗人刘禹锡在四川～曾巧妙地借喻这种天气～写出“东边日出西边雨～道是无晴却有晴”的著名诗句。 小暑 绿树浓荫～时至小暑。四川盆地小暑时平均气温为26?左右～已是盛夏～颇感炎热～但还未到最热的时候。常年7月中旬～盆地东南低海拔河谷地区～可开始出现日平均气温高于30?、日最高气温高于35?的集中时段～这对杂交水稻抽穗扬花不利。除了事先在作布局上应该充分考虑这个因素外～已经栽插的要采取相应的补救措施。在川西高原北部～此时仍可 见霜雪～相当于盆地初春时节景象。小暑前后～盆地西部进入暴雨最多季节～常年7、8两月的暴雨日数可占全年的75%以上～一般为3天左右。在地势起伏较大的地方～常有山洪暴发～甚至引起泥石流。但在盆地东部～小暑以后因常受副热带高压控制～多连晴高温天气～开始进入伏旱期。我省盆地这一东旱西涝的气候特点～与农业丰歉关系很大～必须及早分别采取抗旱、防洪措施～尽量减轻危害。小暑前后～我省各地进入雷暴最多的季节。雷暴是一种剧烈的天气现象～常与大风、暴雨相伴出现～有时还有冰雹～容易造成灾害～亦须注意预防。 大暑 暑是炎热的意思。表明它是一年中最热的节气。一般说来～大暑节气是盆地一年中日照最多、气温最高的时期～是盆地西部雨水最丰沛、雷暴最常见、30?以上高温日数最集中的时期～也是盆地东部35?以上高温出现最频繁的时期。大暑前后气温高本是气候正常的表现～因为较高的气温有利于大春作物扬花灌浆～但是气温过高～农作物生长反而受到抑制～水稻结实率明显下降。盆地西部入伏后～光、热、水都处于一年的高峰期～三者互为促进～形成对大春作物生长的良好气候条件～但是需要注意防洪排涝。盆地东部这时高温长照却往往与少雨相伴出现～不仅会限制光热优势的发挥～还会加剧伏旱对大春作物的不利影响～为了抗御伏旱～除了前期要注意蓄水以外～还应该根据盆地东部的气候特点～改进作物栽培措施～立足于“早”～以趋利避害。燠热的大暑是茉莉、荷花盛开的季节～馨香沁人的茉莉～天气愈热香愈浓郁～给人洁净芬芳的享受。高洁的荷花～不畏烈日骤雨～晨开暮敛～诗人赞美它“映日荷花别样红”～生机勃勃的盛夏～正孕育着丰收。 立秋 “立秋之日凉风至”明确地把立秋与天凉联系起来。可见～立秋就是凉爽的秋季开始了。由于各地纬度、海拔高度等的不同～实际上是不可能都在立秋这一天同时进入秋季的。按照气候学上以候,5天,平均气温在10?至22?之间为春、秋的标准～在我国除了那些纬度偏北和海拔较高的地方以外～立秋时多未入秋～仍然处于炎夏之中～即使在东北的大部分地区～这时也还看不到凉风阵阵、黄叶飘飘的秋天景色。对于地处中亚热带的四川盆地来说～常年8月暑气犹重。气候资料统计表明～盆地要到9月中、下旬方才先后进入秋季,在全年皆冬或者冬长无夏、春秋相连的高原和高山地区～说不上秋季什么时间开始。立秋以后～我省盆地晚稻拔节孕穗～棉花裂铃吐絮～丝毫不可放松田间管理,中稻、夏玉米进入灌浆成熟阶段～要提防冰雹、大风、暴雨的危害。盆地东部和西部～应该分别继续 做好抗旱、防洪工作。立秋后的盆地～时令虽仍属盛夏～但“立秋十天遍地黄”一个金色“秋天”就要到来了。 处暑 处暑是反映气温变化的一个节气。“处”含有躲藏、终止意思～“处暑”表示炎热暑天结束了。四川盆地处平均气温一般较立秋降低1.5?左右～个别年份8月下旬盆地西部可能出现连续3天以上日平均气温在23?以下的低温～影响杂交水稻开花。但是～由于盆地处暑时仍基本上受夏季风控制～所以还常有盆地西部最高气温高于30?、盆地东部高于35?的天气出现。特别是长江沿岸低海拔地区～在伏旱延续的年份里～更感到“秋老虎”的余威。川西高原进入处暑秋意正浓～海拔3500米以上已呈初冬景象～牧草渐萎～霜雪日增。处暑是四川盆地雨量分布由西多东少向东多西少转换的前期。这时盆地中部的雨量常是一年里的次高点～比大暑或白露时为多。因此～为了保证冬春农田用水～必须认真抓好这段时间的蓄水工作。高原地区处暑至秋分会出现连续阴雨水天气～地农牧业生产不利。我省盆地这时也正是收获中稻的大忙时节。一般年辰处暑节气内～盆地日照仍然比较充足～除了盆地西部以外～雨日不多～有利于中稻割晒和棉花吐絮。可是少数年份也有如杜诗所说“三伏适已过～骄阳化为霖”的景况～秋绵雨会提前到来。所以要特别注意天气预报～做好充分准备～抓住每个晴好天气～不失时机地搞好抢收抢晒。 白露 露是由于温度降低～水汽在地面或近地物体上凝结而成的水珠。所以～白露实际上是表征天气已经转凉。我省盆地二十四节气的气候中～白露有着气温迅速下降、绵雨开始、日照骤减的明显特点～深刻地反映出由夏到秋的季节转换。盆地常年白露期间的平均气温比处暑要低3?左右～大部地区候(5天)平均气温先后降至22?以下。按气候学划分四季的标准～时序开始进入秋季。盆地秋雨多出现于白露至霜降前～以岷江、青衣江中下游地区最多～盆地中部相对较少。“滥了白露～天天走溜路”的农谚～虽然不能以白露这一天是否有雨水来作天气预报～但是～一般白露节前后确实常有一段连阴雨天气,而且～自此盆地降雨多具有强度小、雨日多、常连绵的特点了。与此相应～盆地白露期间日照较处暑骤减一半左右～递减趋势一直持续到冬季。白露时节的上述气候特点～对晚稻抽穗扬花和棉桃爆桃是不利的～也影响中稻的收割和翻晒～所以农谚有“白露天气晴～谷米白如银”的说法。充分认识白露气候特点～并且采取相应的农技措施～才能减轻或避免秋雨危害。另一方面～也要趁雨抓紧蓄水～特别是盆地东部的白露是继小满、夏至后又一个雨量较多的节气～更不要错过良好时机。 秋分 秋分是表征季节变化的节气。秋分这天～太阳位于黄经180度～阳光几乎直射赤道～昼夜几乎等长。这时～四川盆地候温普遍降至22?以下～进入了凉爽的秋季。“一场秋雨一场寒”。一股股南下的冷空气～与逐渐衰减的暖湿空气相遇～产生一次次降雨～气温也一次次下降。在川西高原北部～日最低气温降到0?以下～已经可见到漫天絮飞舞、大地素裹银装的壮丽雪景。秋分以后～四川省雨量明显减少～暴雨、大雨一般很少出现,不过～降雨日数却反而有所增加～常常阴雨连绵～夜雨率也较高。唐代著名诗人李商隐“巴山夜雨涨秋池”的名句～生动形象地描绘出四川秋多夜雨的气候特色。我省盆地和凉山州秋多绵雨～湿害严重～对秋收、秋耕和秋种影响颇大。要抢晴收晒～理墒防渍～抓好“三秋”生产的质量和进度。同时～还要充分利用秋季阴雨寡照、土土壤墒情较好的气象条件～不失时机地大搞植树造林～努力提高树苗成活率。 寒露 古代把露作为天气转凉变冷的表征。仲秋白露节气“露凝而白”～至季秋寒露时已是“露气寒冷～将凝结”为霜了。这时～我省各地气温继续下降。盆地日平均气温多不到20?～即使在长江沿岸地区～水银柱也很难升到30?以上～而最低气温却可降至10?以下。川西高原除了少数河谷低地以外～候,5天,平均气温普遍低于10?～用气候学划分四季的标准衡量～已是冬季了。千里霜铺～万里雪飘～与盆地秋色迥然不同。常年寒露期间～盆地雨量亦日趋减少。盆地西部多在20毫米上下～东部一般为30至40毫米左右。绵雨甚频～朝朝暮暮～溟溟霏霏～影响“三秋”生产～成为我省盆地的一种灾害性天气。伴随着绵雨的气候特征是:湿度大～云量多～日照少～阴天多～雾日亦自此显著增加。但是～秋绵雨严重与否～直接影响“三秋”的进度与质量。为此～一方面～要利用天气预报～抢晴天收获和播种,另一方面～也要因地制宜～采取深沟高厢等各种有效的耕作措施～减轻湿害～提高播种质量。在高原地区～寒露前后是雪害最严重的季节之一～积雪阻塞交通～危害畜牧业生产～应该注意预防。 霜降 霜降节气含有天气渐冷、开始降霜的意思。纬度偏南的四川盆地～平均气温多在16?左右～离初霜日期还有三个节气。在盆地南部河谷地带～则要到隆冬时节～才能见霜。当然～即使在纬度相同的地方～由于海拔高度和地形不同～贴地层空气的温度和湿度有差异～初霜期和霜日数也就不一样了。用科学的眼光来看～“露结为霜”的说法是不准确的。露滴冻结 而成的冻露～是坚硬的小冰珠。而霜冻是指由于温度剧降而引起的作物冻害现象～其致害温度因作物、品种和生育期的不同而异,而形成霜～则必须地面或地物的温度降到0?以下～并且贴地层中空气中的水气含量要达到一定程度。因此～发生霜冻时不一定出现霜～出现霜时也不一定就有霜冻发生。但是～因为见霜时的温度已经比较低～要是继续冷却～便很容易导致霜冻的发生。霜降过后～我省盆地开始大量收挖红苕。若收挖过早～苕块尚未充分膨大～就会影响产量,但收挖过迟～有可能遭受早霜冻危害～苕块受冻变质～不耐贮藏～故适时挖苕很重要。北宋大文学家苏轼有诗曰:“千树扫作一番黄～只有芙蓉独自芳。”四川盆地气候温和～霜降期间～田畴青葱～橙黄桔绿～秋菊竞放～一树树芙蓉盛开～把富饶的“天府”打扮得更加艳丽。 立冬 “立～建始也”～表示冬季自此开始。“立冬之日～水始冰～地始冻”。现在～人们常以凛冽北风～寒冷的霜雪～作为冬天的象征。我省盆地亦霜雪稀少～所以～在气候学上～不固定以“立冬”这天作为各地冬季的开始～而是以气温来划分季节～即候,5天,平均气温低于10?为冬季～这样就比较节合当时的物候景观。立冬时节的我省盆地～仍处于“三秋”繁忙时期～平均气温一般为12?至15?。绵雨业已结束。气候条件适宜于油菜移栽。生长期较短而春性较强的小麦也要抓播种～因为立冬后期多有强冷空气侵袭～气温常有较大幅度下降～如果播后气温低～出苗缓慢～分孽不足～就会影响产量。红苕在日平均气温低于15?时～生长已渐趋停止～应该及时收获。盆地西北部个别年份立冬曾出现过早霜～更要早挖窖～免冻害。高原地区这时已是干季～湿度迅减～风速渐增～对森林火险必须高度警惕。 小雪 小雪表示降雪的起始时间和程度。雪是寒冷天气的产物。小雪节气～四川盆地北部开始进入冬季。“荷尽已无擎雨盖～菊残犹有霜枝”,已呈初冬景象。因为北面有秦岭、大巴山屏障～阻挡冷空气入侵～刹减了寒潮的严威～致使盆地“冬暖”显著。全年降雪日数多在5天以下～比同纬度的长江中、下游地区少得多。大雪以前降雪的机会极少～即使隆冬时节～也难得观赏到“千树万树梨花开”的迷人景色。由于盆地冬季近地面层气温常保持在0?以上～所以积雪比降雪更不容易。偶尔虽见天空“纷纷扬扬”,却不见地上“碎琼乱玉”。然而～在寒冷的川西高原～常年10月一般就开始降雪了。高原西北部全年降雪日数可达60天以上～一些高寒地区全年都有降雪的可能。小雪期间～盆地西北部一般可见初霜～要预防霜冻对农作 物的危害。甘、阿两州北部～最低气温多在零下15?左右～应该做好牲畜的防寒保暖工作。 大雪 节气 “大雪”表明这时降雪开始大起来了。四川盆地冬季气候温和而少雨雪～平均气温较长江中下游地区约高2?至4?～雨量仅占全年的5%左右。偶有降雪～大多出现在1、2月份,地面积雪三、五年难见到一次。如果能够目睹大地白雪皑垲～绿树披银饰玉～常是终身难忘的趣事。“瑞雪兆丰年”～是中国广为流传的农谚。在北方～一层厚厚而疏松的积雪～象给小麦盖御寒的棉被。雪中所含的氮化合物比雨水多4倍～积雪慢慢融化后渗入土中～能增加土壤中的氮素～易被农作物吸收利用。雪水温度低～能冻死地表层越冬的害虫～也给农业生产带来好处。但是～在南方～雪后如逢晴夜～地面热量散失较多～则会出现冻害～使豌、胡豆等作物受到一定损失。我省盆地平均气温尚多在8?至9?～小麦油菜仍可缓慢生长～需要加强田间管理～预防冻害。大雪期间～盆地降水多在15毫米以下～盆地西部更不足5毫米～已是“冬干”时期。这时～盆地气候还有多雾的特点～一般12月是雾日最多的月份。雾通常出现在夜间无云或少云的清晨～气象学称之为辐射雾。俗话:“十雾九晴”。雾多在午前消散～午后的阳光会显得格外温暖。 冬至 冬至是按天文划分的节气～古称“日短”、“日短至”。冬至这天～太阳位于黄经270度～阳光几乎直射南回归线～是北半球一年中白昼最短的一天。我省各地日出到日没有10小时左右。冬至以后～随着地球在绕日轨道上运行～阳光直射地带便逐渐北移～使北半球白天渐增长～夜晚逐渐缩短。冬至日虽基太阳高工最低～日照时间最短～地面吸收的热量比散失的热量少～但是地面过去长期积累的热量～还在继续散失～近地层气温尚未降至最低～所以这时还不是一年中最冷的时候。过了冬至～虽然昼渐长～夜渐短～但是在短期内仍然是昼短夜长～地面每天吸收的热量～还是比散失的热量少～所以气温并没有立即回升之势。群众中习惯自冬至起“数九”～每九天为一个“九”。到“三九”前后～地面积蓄的热量最少～天气也最冷～所以说“冷在三九”。天文学上把冬至作为冬季的开始～这对于我国多数地区来说～显然偏迟。冬至期间～川西高原平均气温普遍在0?以下～四川盆地也只有6?至8?左右。不过～川西南低海拔河谷地区～即使在当地最冷的1月上旬～平均气温仍然在10?以上～真可谓秋去春平～全年无冬。 小寒 寒即寒冷～小寒表示寒冷的程度。俗话说～“冷在三九”。“三九”多在1月9日至17日～也恰在小寒节气内。但这只是一般规律～少数年份大寒也可能比小寒冷。而人们记忆犹新的1975年冬～气温最低的节气竟是大雪哩:四川盆地冬暖显著～隆冬1月～三峡以东霜雪交侵～常有冰冻～最低气温在零下10?左右。而盆地北部最低气温却很少低于零下5?～盆地南部0?以下的低温更不多见。我省隆冬最冷的地区是川北高原北部～最低气温在可达零下30?左右～天寒地冻～滴水成冰。川西南低海拔河谷地带～则是我省隆冬最暖的地方～1月平均气温在12?左右～只有很少年份可能出现0?以下的低温。加之逆温效应十分显著～所以香蕉、芒果等热带水果能够良好生长。盆地冬季最低气温不低～有利于不春生产～也适宜发展多种经营。“受命不迁～生南国兮”的柑桔～生长一般要求最低气温不低于零下5?、年温高于15?～盆地内绝大多数地区都能满足～副热带植物也几乎应有尽有。四川号称“天府之国”～得天独厚的气候条件～应当是一个很重要的因素。 大寒 小寒一样～大寒也是表征天气寒冷程度的节气。近代气象观测几记录虽然表明～在中国绝大部分地区～大寒不如小寒冷～但是～在某些年份和沿海少数地方～全年最低气温仍然会出现在大寒节气内。大寒时节～在一定生育期内需要有适当的低温。冬性较强的小麦、油菜～通过春化阶段就要求较低的温度～否则不能正常生长发育。我省盆地常年冬暖～过早播种的小麦、油菜～往往长势太旺～提前拔节、抽苔～抗寒能力大大减弱～容易遭受低温霜冻的危害。可见～因地制宜选择作物品种～适时播栽～并采取有效的促进和控制措施～乃是夺取高产的重要一环。 黄道位臵及意义 立春:斗指东北。太阳黄经为315度。是二十四个节气的头一个节气。其含意是开始进入春天～“阳和起蛰～品物皆春”～过了立春～万物复苏生机勃勃～一年四季从此开始了。 雨水:斗指壬。太阳黄经为330?。这时春风遍吹～冰雪融化～空气湿润～雨水增多～所以叫雨水。人们常说:“立春天渐暖～雨水送肥忙”。 惊蛰:斗指丁。太阳黄经为345?。这个节气表示“立春”以后天气转暖～春雷开始震响～蛰伏在泥土里的各种冬眠动物将苏醒过来开始活动起来～所以叫惊蛰。这个时期过冬的虫排卵也要开始孵化。我国部分地区过入了春耕季节。谚语云:“惊蛰过～暖和和～蛤蟆老角唱山歌。”“惊蛰一犁土～春分地气通。”“惊蛰没到雷先鸣～大雨似蛟龙。” 春分:斗指壬。太阳黄经为0?。春分日太阳在赤道上方。这是春季90天的中分点～这一天南北两半球昼夜相等～所以叫春分。这天以后太阳直射位臵便向北移～北半球昼长夜短。所以春分是北半球春季开始。我国大部分地区越冬作物进入春季生长阶段。各地农谚有:“春分在前～斗米斗钱”,广东,、“春分甲子雨绵绵～夏分甲子火烧天”,四川,、“春分有雨家家忙～先种瓜豆后插秧”,湖北,、“春分种菜～大暑摘瓜”,湖南,、“春分种麻种豆～秋分种麦种蒜”,安徽,。 清明:斗指丁。太阳黄经为15?。此时气候清爽温暖～草木始发新枝芽～万物开始生长～农民忙于春耕春种。从前～在清明节这一天～有些人家都在门口插上杨柳条～还到郊外踏青～祭扫坟墓～这是古老的习俗。 谷雨:斗指癸。太阳黄经为30?。就是雨水生五谷的意思～由于雨水滋润大地五谷得以生长～所以～谷雨就是“雨生百谷”。谚云“谷雨前后～种瓜种豆”。 立夏:斗指东南。太阳黄经为45?。是夏季的开始～从此进入夏天～万物旺盛大。习惯上把立夏当作是气温显著升高～炎暑将临～雷雨增多～农作物进入旺季生长的一个最重要节气。 小满:斗指甲。太阳黄经为60?。从小满开始～大麦、冬小麦等夏收作物～已经结果、籽粒饱满～但尚未成熟～所以叫小满。 芒种:北斗指向已。太阳黄经为75?。这时最适合播种有芒的谷类作物～如晚谷、黍、稷等。如过了这个时候再种有芒和作物就不好成熟了。同时～“芒”指有芒作物如小麦、大麦等～“种”指种子。芒种即表明小麦等有芒作物成熟。芒种前后～我国中部的长江中、下游地区～雨量增多～气温升高～进入连绵阴雨的梅雨季节～空气非常潮湿～天气异常闷热～各种器具和衣物容易发霉～所以在我国长江中、下游地区也叫“霉雨”。 夏至:北斗指向乙。太阳黄经为90?。太阳在黄经90?“夏至点”时～阳光几乎直射北回归线上空～北半球正午太阳最高。这一天是北半球白昼最长、黑夜最短的一天～从这一天起～进入炎热季节～天地万物在此时生长最旺盛。所心以古时候又把这一天叫做日北至～意思是太阳运生到最北的一日。过了夏至～太阳逐渐向南移动～北半球白昼一天比一天缩短～黑夜一天比一天加长。 小暑:斗指辛。太阳黄经为105?。天气已经很热了～但还不到最热的时候～所以叫小暑。此时～已是初伏前后。 大暑:斗指丙。太阳黄经为120?。大暑是一年中最热的节气～正值勤二伏前后～长江流域的许多地方～经常出现40?高温天气。要作好防暑降温工作。这个节气雨水多～在“小暑、大暑～淹死老鼠”的谚语～要注意防汛防涝。 立秋:北斗指向西南。太阳黄经为135?。从这一天起秋天开始～秋高气爽～月明风清。此后～气温由最热逐渐下降。 处暑:斗指戊。太阳黄经为150?。这时夏季火热已经到头了。暑气就要散了。它是温度下降的一个转折点。是气候变凉的象征～表示暑天终止。 白露:斗指癸。太阳黄经为165?。天气转凉～地面水汽结露。 秋分:斗指已。太阳黄经为180?。秋分这一天同春人一样～阳光几乎直射赤道～昼夜几乎相等。从这一天起～阳光直射位臵继续由赤道向南半球推移～北半球开始昼短夜长。依我国旧历的秋季论～这一天刚好是秋季九十天的一半～因而称秋分。但在天文学上规定～北半球的秋天是从秋分开始的。 寒露:斗指甲。太阳黄经为195?。白露后～天气转凉～开始出现露水～到了寒露～则露水日多～且气温更低了。所以～有人说～寒是露之气～先白而后寒～是气候将逐渐转冷的意思。而水气则凝成白色露珠。 霜降:太阳黄经为210?。天气已冷～开始有霜冻了～所以叫霜降。 立冬:太阳黄经为225?。习惯上～我国人民把这一天当作冬季的开始。冬～作为终了之意～是指一年的田间操作结束了～作物收割之后要收藏起来的意思。立冬一过～我国黄河中、下游地区即将结冰～我国各地农民都将陆续地转入农田水利基本建设和其他农事活动中。 小雪:太阳黄经为240?。气温下降～开始降雪～但还不到大雪纷飞的时节～所以叫小雪。小雪前后～黄河流域开始降雪,南方降雪还要晚两个节气,,而北方～已进入封冻季节。 大雪:太阳黄经为255?。大雪前后～黄河流域一带渐有积雪,而北方～已是“千里冰封～万里雪飘荡”的严冬了。 冬至:太阳黄经为270?。冬至这一天～阳光几乎直射南回归线～我们北半球白昼最短～黑夜最长～开始进入数九寒天。天文学上规定这一天是北半球冬季的开始。而冬至以后～阳光直射位臵逐渐向北移动～北半球的白天就逐渐长了～谚云:吃了冬至面～一天长一线。 小寒:太阳黄经为285?。小寒以后～开始进入寒冷季节。冷气积久而寒～小寒是天气寒冷但还没有到极点的意思。 大寒:太阳黄经为300?。大寒就是天气寒冷到了极点的意思。大寒前后是一年中最冷的季节。大寒正值三九刚过～四九之初。谚云:“三九四九冰上走”。 大寒以后～立春接着到来～天气渐暖。至此地球绕太阳公转了一周～完成了一个循环。 国外影响 由于24节气是根据中国的气候制定的～所以在国外的影响范围只限于同属东亚季风气候的日本、朝鲜及韩国。 节气与西方文化中的黄道十二宫有对应的关系。 但黄道十二宫是时间段而不是时点。 白羊座对应于春分到谷雨 金牛座对应于谷雨到小满 双子座对应于小满到夏至 巨蟹座对应于夏至到大暑 狮子座对应于大暑到处暑 处女座对应于处暑到秋分 天秤座对应于秋分到霜降 天蝎座对应于霜降到小雪 射手座对应于小雪到冬至 摩羯座对应于冬至到大寒 水瓶座对应于大寒到雨水 双鱼座对应于雨水到春分 节气与文化 相关诗歌 ,一, 春雨惊春清谷天～夏满芒夏暑相连 秋处露秋寒霜降～冬雪雪冬小大寒 每月两节不变更～最多相差一两天 上半年来六廿一～下半年是八廿三 春:立春～雨:雨水～惊:惊蛰～春:春分～清:清明～谷:谷雨。 夏:立夏～满:小满～芒:芒种～夏:夏至～暑相连:小暑和大暑。 秋:立秋～处:处暑～露:白露～秋:秋分～寒:寒露,降～霜降。 冬:立冬～雪:小雪～雪:大雪～冬:冬至～小大寒:小寒、大寒。 ,二, 西园梅放立春先～ 云镇霄光雨水连。 惊蛰初交河跃鲤～ 春分蝴蝶梦花间。 清明时放风筝好～ 谷雨西厢宜养蚕。 牡丹立夏花零落～ 玉簪小满布庭前。 隔溪芒种渔家乐～ 农田耕耘夏至间。 小暑白罗衫着体～ 望河大暑对风眠。 立秋向日葵花放～ 处暑西楼听晚蝉。 翡翠园中沾白露～ 秋分折桂月华天。 枯山寒露惊鸿雁～ 霜降芦花红蓼滩。 立冬畅饮麒麟阁～ 绣襦小雪咏诗篇。 幽阖大雪红炉暖～ 冬至琵琶懒去弹。 小寒高卧邯郸梦～ 捧雪飘空交大寒。 ,三, 立春梅花分外艳～雨水红杏花开鲜, 惊蛰芦林闻雷报～春分蝴蝶舞花间。 清明风筝放断线～谷雨嫩茶翡翠连～ 立夏桑果象樱桃～小满养蚕又种田。 芒种玉秧放庭前～夏至稻花如白练, 小暑风催早豆熟～大暑池畔赏红莲。 立秋知了催人眠～处暑葵花笑开颜, 白露燕归又来雁～秋分丹桂香满园。 寒露菜苗田间绿～霜降芦花飘满天, 立冬报喜献三瑞～小雪鹅毛片片飞。 大雪寒梅迎风狂～冬至瑞雪兆丰年, 小寒游子思乡归～大寒岁底庆团圆。 ,四,二十四节气气候农事歌 立春:立春春打六九头～春播备耕早动手～一年之计在于春～农业生产创高优。 雨水:雨水春雨贵如油～顶凌耙耘防墒流～多积肥料多打粮～精选良种夺丰收。 惊蛰:惊蛰天暖地气开～冬眠蛰虫苏醒来～冬麦镇压来保墒～耕地耙耘种春麦。 春分:春分风多雨水少～土地解冻起春潮～稻田平整早翻晒～冬麦返青把水浇。 清明:清明春始草青青～种瓜点豆好时辰～植树造林种甜菜～水稻育秧选好种。 谷雨:谷雨雪断霜未断～杂粮播种莫迟延～家燕归来淌头水～苗圃枝接耕果园。 立夏:立夏麦苗节节高～平田整地栽稻苗～中耕除草把墒保～温棚防风要管好。 小满:小满温和春意浓～防治蚜虫麦秆蝇～稻田追肥促分孽～抓绒剪毛防冷风。 芒种:芒种雨少气温高～玉米间苗和定苗～糜谷荞麦抢墒种～稻田中耕勤除草。 夏至:夏至夏始冰雹猛～拔杂去劣选好种～消雹增雨干热风～玉米追肥防粘虫。 小暑:小暑进入三伏天～龙口夺食抢时间～玉米中耕又培土～防雨防火莫等闲。 大暑:大暑大热暴雨增～复种秋菜紧防洪～勤测预报稻瘟病～深水护秧防低温。 立秋:立秋秋始雨淋淋～及早防治玉米螟～深翻深耕土变金～苗圃芽接摘树心。 处暑:处暑伏尽秋色美～玉主甜菜要灌水～粮菜后期勤管理～冬麦整地备种肥。 白露:白露夜寒白天热～播种冬麦好时节～灌稻晒田收葵花～早熟苹果忙采摘。 秋分:秋分秋雨天渐凉～稻黄果香秋收忙～碾谷脱粒交公粮～山区防霜听气象。 寒露:寒露草枯雁南飞～洋芋甜菜忙收回～管好萝卜和白菜～秸秆还田秋施肥。 霜降:霜降结冰又结霜～抓紧秋翻蓄好墒～防冻日消灌冬水～脱粒晒谷修粮仓。 立冬:立冬地冻白天消～羊只牲畜圈修牢～培田整地修渠道～农田建设掀高潮。 小雪:小雪地封初雪飘～幼树葡萄快埋好～利用冬闲积肥料～庄稼没肥瞎胡闹。 大雪:大雪腊雪兆丰年～多种经营创高产～及时耙耘保好墒～多积肥料找肥源。 冬至:冬至严寒数九天～羊只牲畜要防寒～积极参加夜技校～增产丰收靠科研。 小寒:小寒进入三九天～丰收致富庆元旦～冬季参加 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 班～不断 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 新经验。 大寒:大寒虽冷农户欢～富民政策夸不完～联产承包继续干～欢欢喜喜过个年。 ,五,节气百子歌 说个子来道个子～ 正月过年耍狮子。 二月惊蛰抱蚕子～ 三月清明坟飘子。 四月立夏插秧子～ 五月端阳吃粽子。 六月天热买扇子～ 七月立秋烧袱子。 八月过节麻饼子～ 九月重阳捞糟子。 十月天寒穿袄子～ 冬月数九烘笼子。 腊月年关四处去躲帐主子。 ,六,二十四节气七言诗 地球绕着太阳转～绕完一圈是一年。 一年分成十二月～二十四节紧相连。 按照公历来推算～每月两气不改变。 上半年是六、廿一～下半年逢八、廿三。 这些就是交节日～有差不过一两天。 二十四节有先后～下列口诀记心间: 一月小寒接大寒～二月立春雨水连, 惊蛰春分在三月～清明谷雨四月天, 五月立夏和小满～六月芒种夏至连, 七月小暑和大暑～立秋处暑八月间, 九月白露接秋分～寒露霜降十月全, 立冬小雪十一月～大雪冬至迎新年。 抓紧季节忙生产～种收及时保丰年。 ,七,二十四节气民歌 立春阳气转～雨水沿河边。惊蛰乌鸦叫～春分滴水干。清明忙种粟～谷雨种大田。 立夏鹅毛住～小满雀来全。芒种大家乐～夏至不着棉。小暑不算热～大暑在伏天。 立秋忙打靛～处暑动刀镰。白露忙割地～秋分无生田。寒露不算冷～霜降变了天。 立冬先封天～小雪河封严。大雪交冬月～冬至数九天。小寒忙买办～大寒要过年。 相关对联 我国农历一年之中有24个节气。在我国对联中～以节气为题材的很多～有的还很精彩～例如:传说明代有一位学台～在浙江天台山游览时～夜宿山中茅屋。次日晨起～见茅屋一片白霜～心有所感随口吟出上联: 昨夜大寒～霜降茅屋如小雪 联中嵌有三个节气～一气呵成～毫无痕迹。一时成为绝对。直至近代～才由浙江的赵恭沛先生对出下联: 今朝惊蛰～春分时雨到清明 一样三个节气～对得十分工整。 另一副对联则更有文学性和科学性: 二月春分八月秋分昼夜不长不短, 三年一闰五年再闰阴阳无差无错。 上联不仅指出了春分和秋分这两个节气所在的月份～而且把这两个月份的时间特点讲得清清楚楚～即二八月是昼夜相平。下联则换了另一个角度～道出了农历闰年的规律性～其科学性也是毋庸臵疑的。 原明朝大臣～后降清的洪承畴～在“谷雨”那天与人下棋时对了一副对联～云: 一局妙棋今日几乎忘谷雨, 两朝领袖他年何以别清明。 上联是洪承畴所出～下联为同弈者所对。意在讽刺洪失义辱节～一语 双关～深藏讽意。 国家非常重视非物质文化遗产的保护～2006年5月20日～该民俗经国 务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。 相关农谚 另外关于节气～我国自古以来也流传了很多农谚～比如: 小寒:一候梅花～二候山茶～三候水仙, 大寒:一候瑞香～二候兰花～三候山矾, 立春:一候迎春～二候樱桃～三候望春, 雨水:一候菜花～二候杏花～三候李花, 惊蛰:一候桃花～二候棣棠～三候蔷薇, 春分:一候海棠～二候梨花～三候木兰, 清明:一候桐花～二候麦花～三候柳花, 谷雨:一候牡丹～二候酴糜～三候栋花, 1 秋分早、霜降迟、寒露种麦正当时 2 知了叫、割早稻、知了飞、堆草堆 3 山黄石头黑、套犛种早麦 4 小满前后、安瓜点豆 5 四月芒种雨～五月无干土～六月火烧埔 6 冬节在月头～卜寒在年兜,冬节月中央～无雪亦无霜,冬节在月尾～ 卜寒正二月 7 雷打秋～冬半收 8 二八乱穿衣～春天后母面 9 正月冻死龟～二月寒死牛～三月寒死播田人～四月寒死新妇～清明 谷雨寒死虎母 10 寒露麦～霜降豆 11 立夏小满～雨水相赶 12 立夏雨水潺潺～米要割到无处臵 13 六月初一～一雷压九台 CCTV7 24节气童谣 立春:东风 解冻 鱼上冰 雨水:冰雪 融化 桃花开 惊蛰:草木 萌动 鸿雁来 春分:芽茶 播种 燕飞舞 清明:细雨 放飞 柳飘絮 谷雨:雨生 百谷 春盎然 立夏:桑枣 灌溉 遍地谷 小满:蚕丝 畜养 麦起身 芒种:收割 播种 鹭助兴 夏至:棉花 现蕾 照眼明 小暑:知了 风轻 汗如雨 大暑:骤雨 孕育 赏红莲 立秋:寒风 飘叶 寒蝉鸣 处暑:葵花 添衣 遍地黄 白露:秋雨 降露 白如银 秋分:桂花 收获 香满园 寒露:鸿雁 南飞 蟹正肥 霜降:芙蓉 花落 叶满天 立冬:收葱 修剪 地始冻 小雪:残菊 飘雪 犁耙开 大雪:寒梅 地冻 温室暖 冬至:瑞雪 防冻 兆丰年 小寒:寒冬 积肥 腊月天 大寒:岁末 辞旧 过大年 春雨惊春清谷天～夏满芒夏暑相连。秋处露秋寒霜降～冬雪雪冬小大 寒。每月两节不变更～最多相差一两天。上半年来六廿一～下半年是八廿 三。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.