04专八试题答案解析

04专八试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 解析 •英语语程 博客日语 •/ 英语语语 • 我的语语 • 班语群语 •/ 英语语语 • Search 首语 ? 大英语语语四八语考语语语语料学(Test of English Major Band 4-8) ? 大学英语语语八语考语语年语语集/TEM-8 年英语语语八语考语语及答案真2004 语卷一 (95 min) ?Part Listening Comprehension (40 min) In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet., SECTION A TALK Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the talk., 1.The parallel between waltzing and language use lies in ____., A.the coordination based on individual actionsB.the number of individual participants, C.the necessity of individual actionsD.the requirements for participants, 2.In the talk the speaker thinks that language use is a(n) ____ process.,A.individual B.combined C.distinct D.social, 3.The main difference between personal and nonpersonal settings is in ____.,A.the manner of language use B.the topic and content of speech, C.the interactions between speaker and audienceD.the relationship between speaker and audience, 4.In fictional settings, speakers ____., A.hide their real intentions B.voice others’ intentions, C.play double roles on and off stageD.only imitate other people in life, 5.Compared with other types of settings, the main feature of private setting is ____.,A.the absence of spontaneity B.the presence of individual actions, C.the lack of real intentions D.the absence of audience,, SECTION B INTERVIEW Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the interview., 6.What was education like in Professor Wang’s days?, A.Students worked very hard. B.Students felt they needed a second degree., C.Education was not careeroriented., D.There were many specialized subjects., 7.According to Professor Wang, what is the purpose of the presentday education?,,A.To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society.,B.To prepare students for their future career., C.To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each programme.,D.To set up as many technical institutions as possible., 8.In Professor Wang’s opinion, technical skills ____., A.require good education B.are secondary to education, C.don’t call for good educationD.don’t conflict with education, 9.What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of feepaying students?,, A.Shifting from one programme to another.B.Working out ways to reduce student number., C.Emphasizing better quality of education. D.Setting up stricter examination standards., 10.Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT ____., A.those who can adapt to different professionsB.those who have a high flexibility of mind, C.those who are thinkers, historians and philosophersD.those who possess only highly specialized skills,, SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST, Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news., 11.Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpest drop in life expectancy?, A.Latin America. B.SubSaharan Africa.,, C.Asia. D.The Caribbean., 12.According to the news, which country will experience small life expectancy drop?,A.Burma. B.Botswana. C.Cambodia. D.Thailand., 13.The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly in ____, A.Asia. B.Africa. C.Latin America.D.The Caribbean.,, Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news., 14.The trade dispute between the European Union and the US was caused by ____.,A.US refusal to accept arbitration by WTOB.US imposing tariffs on European steel, C.US refusal to pay compensation to EU D.US refusal to lower import duties on EU products, 15.Who will be consulted first before the EU list is submitted to WTO?, A.EU member states. B.The United States., C.WTO. D.The steel corporations.,, SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING In this section you will hear a minilecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While, listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15minute gapfilling task o,,n ANSWER SHEET ONE after the minilecture. Use the blank sheet for notetaking.,, Conversation Skills, People who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease.,1. Skill to ask question, 1) be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer other’s questions regardless of (1)____ (1)____, 2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmfull,questions about one’s (2)____ job (2)____, questions about one’s activities in the (3)____ (3)____,3) be able to spot signals for further talk 2. Skill to (4)____for answers (4)____, 1) don’t shift from subject to subject, — sticking to the same subject: signs of (5)____in (5)____,conversation, 2) listen to (6)____of voice (6)____, — If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject.,3) use eyes and ears, — steady your gaze while listening, 3. Skill to laugh, Effects of laughter:, — ease people’s (7)____ (7)____, — help start (8)____ (8)____, 4. Skill to part, 1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or, contact, 2) ways:, — men: a smile, a (9)____ (9)____, — women: same as (10)____now (10)____, — how to express pleasure in meeting someone.,, ?Part Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min) The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line., ?For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line., For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.,, Example, ?When art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museum, wants an [ZZ(Z]exhibition[ZZ)], it must often build it. (3)exhibit, Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed. One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congress,is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - either,standing committees, special committees set for a specific (1)____,purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)____,Investigations are held to gather information on the need for,future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and,officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)____,groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees,rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)____,and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)____, There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One,is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)____,committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)____,widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations, nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)____,to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. (9)____, Congressional committees also have the power to compel, testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt, of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury, these who give false testimony. (10)____,, ?Part Reading Comprehension (30 min) In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiplechoice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers ,on your coloured answer sheet. TEXT A Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S. agricultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to “promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations”. It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November’s midterm elections.,, Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. It’s not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Gerald Ssendwula, Uganda’s Minister of Finance. “What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete.”, Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output. This is no pieinthesky speculation. The biggest success in Ken,,,ya’s economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the “leastdeveloped country” status that allows African producers ,to avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works: Americas African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proved a boon to Africa’s manufacturers. The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go., This is what makes Bush’s decision to increase farm subsidies last month all themore depressing. Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges rade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets. Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago. But last November members of the World Trade Organization, meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles. Rich countries assured poor countries, that their concerns were finally being addressed. Bush’s handout last month makes a lie of America’s commitment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade., 16.By comparison, farmers ____ receive more government subsidies than others., A.in the developing world B.in Japan C.in Europe D.in America, 17.In addition to the economic considerations, there is a ____ motive behind Bush’s signing of the new farm bill., A.partisan B.social C.financial D.cultural, 18.The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is that ____., A.poor countries should be given equal opportunities in trade, B.“the leastdeveloped country” status benefits agricultural countries,, C.poor countries should remove their suspicions about trade liberalization, D.farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies, 19.The writer’s attitude towards new farm subsidies in the U.S. is ____., A.favourable B.ambiguous C.critical D.reserved,, TEXT B Oscar Wilde said that work is the refuge of people who have nothing better to do. If so, Americans are now among the world’s saddest refugees. Factory workers in the United States are working longer hours than at any time in the past halfcentury. A,merica once led the rich world in cutting the average working week—from 70 hours in 1850 to less than 40 hours by the 1950s. It seemed natural that as people grew richer they would trade extra earnings for more leisure. Since the 1970s, however, the hours clocked up by American workers have risen, to an average of 42 this year in manufacturing., Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing: Americans are spending more time at work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyers boast of 80hour weeks. On holiday, they seek out fax machines and phones as, eagerly as Germans bag the best sunloungers. Yet working time in Europe and Japan, continues to fall. In Germany’s engineering industry the working week is to be trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year. Most Germans get six weeks’ paid annual holiday; even the Japanese now take three weeks. Americans still make do with just two., Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether people’s aversion to work is damaging its competitiveness. Yet German workers, like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is why America, the world’s richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social implications. Parents spend less time with their children, who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise?Some, explanations for America’s time at work fail to stand up to scrutiny. One blames weak trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation. Are workers being forced by costcutting firms to toil harder just to keep their jobs? A recent study by two American, economists, Richard Freeman and Linda Bell, suggests not: when asked, Americans actually want to work longer hours. Most German workers, in contrast, would rather work less., Then, why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely to maintain their living standards. Yet many higher,skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have been working harder too. Also, one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in employment—which is more or less where the argument began.Taxes may have, something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Falls in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer.None of, these answers really explains why the centurylong decline in working hours has gone, into reverse in America but not elsewhere (though Britain shows signs of following America’s lead). Perhaps cultural differences—the last refuge of the defeated economist—are at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, their incentive to work would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that “basic needs”—for a shower with builtin TV,, for a rocketpropelled car—exp,and continuously. Shopping is already one of America’s most popular pastimes. But it requires money—hence more work and less leisure.Or try, this: the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes. Perhaps Wilde was right. Maybe Americans have nothing better to do., 20.In the United States, working longer hours is ____., A.confined to the manufacturing industry B.a traditional practice in some sectors, C.prevalent in all sectors of society D.favoured by the economists, 21.According to the third paragraph, which might be one of the consequences of working longer hours?, A.Rise in employees’ working efficiency. B.Rise in the number of young offenders., C.Rise in people’s living standards. D.Rise in competitiveness., 22.Which of the following is the cause of working longer hours stated bythe writer?, A.Expansion of basic needs. B.Cultural differences., C.Increase in real earnings. D.Advertising.,, TEXT C The fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, inthe early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and thenagain as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But he made no account of this.The trees on the woodedge were a dark,,ish, brownish green in the full light—for it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copperlike, shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The fowls were round about—the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance—and she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were, held back.She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin, was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellbound—she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he has not daunted.She struggled, confusedly she came to, herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather, she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind., She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither..., As soon as supper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why., She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyesupon her, and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not somuch think of him: she was possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashedeye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the greyish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contemptuous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees., 23.At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to the all EXCEPT ____., A.cunning B.fierce C.defiant D.annoying, 24.As the story proceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of ____., A.the lightB.the treesC.the nightD.the fox, 25.Gradually March seems to be in a state of ____., A.blanknessB.imaginationC.sadness D.excitement, 26.At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of ____ between March and the fox., A.detachmentB.anger C.intimacy D.conflict, 27.The passage creates an overall impression of ____., A.mystery B.horror C.livelinessD.contempt,, TEXT D The banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls havebeen bought, the gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that remains is to get to the parties., This week will see a feast of panEuropean protests. It started on Bastille Day, , last Saturday, with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain and Germany about climate change. It will continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and peace rallies against President Bush. But the big one is in Genoa, on Friday and Saturday, where the G8 leaders will meet behind the lines of 18,000 heavily armed police., Unlike Prague, Gothenburg, Cologne or Nice, Genoa is expected to be Europe’s Seattle, the coming together of the disparate strands of resistance to corporate globalisation.Neither the protesters nor the authorities know what will happen, but some, things are predictable. Yes, there will be violence and yes, the mass media will focus on it. What should seriously concern the G8 is not so much the violence, the numbers in the streets or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding behind the barricades, but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing., For the first time in a generation, the international political and economic condition is in the dock. Moreover, the protesters are unlikely to go away, their confidence is growing rather than waning, their agendas are merging, the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns., No single analysis has drawn all the strands of the debate together. In the meantime, the global protest “movement” is developing its own language, texts, agendas, myths, heroes and villains. Just as the G8 leaders, world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script, so the protesters’ once disparate political and social analyses are converging. The longterm project of governments and, world bodies to globalise capital and development is being mirrored by the globalisation of protest., But what happens next? Governments and world bodies are unsure which way to turn. However well they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate, overreaction to dissent, injustice and unaccountable power., Their options—apart from actually embracing the broad agenda being put to them—are to retreat behind even higher barricades, repress dissent further, abandon global meetings altogether or, more likely, meet only in places able to physically resist the masses.,Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings. Genoa may be the last of the European superprotests.,, 28.According to the context, the word “parties” at the end of the first paragraph refers to ____., A.the meeting of the G8 leaders B.the protests on Bastille Day, C.the coming panEuropean protests, D.the big protest to be held in Genoa, 29.According to the passage, economic globalisation is paralleled by ____.,A.the emerging differences in the global protest movement, B.the disappearing differences in the global protest movement, C.the growing European concern about globalisation, D.the increase in the number of protesters, 30.According to the last paragraph, what is Brussels considering doing?,A.Meeting in places difficult to reach.B.Further repressing dissent., C.Accepting the protesters’ agenda. D.Abandoning global meetings.,, SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING (10 MIN), In this section there are seven passages with ten multiplechoice questions. Skim or, scan them as required and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.,, First read the question. 31.The main purpose of the passage is to ____., A.demonstrate how to prevent crime B.show the seriousness of crime, C.look into the causes of crime D.call for more government efforts, Now go through TEXT E quickly to answer question 31., For three weeks, every night at 11 p.m., correspondents, officers and judges from justice courts, police departments and prisons, psychiatrists, criminologists, victims and even criminals in prisons made their appearance on TV to debate ona topic “Crime in the United States”., Indeed, crime has been disturbing the American people and has become a serious social problem just next to the unemployment problem. Some figures are terrifying: 1 of 4 Americans has been a victim of some kind of crimes; nearly 22 million crimecases occurred last year throughout the country. A simple arithmetic calculation indicates that on average, a crime is being committed in every 2 seconds. Now the Americans are living in a horrible environment. Their safety and property are threatened by various crimes: robbery, theft, rape, kidnapping, murder, arson, vandalism and violence., The most worrisome problem comes from the fact that about onethird of crime cases, were committed by the juvenile and 53% of criminals in jails are youngstersbelow 25. A poll indicates that about 73% of citizens said they avoided teenagers in streets, especially at night., To protect themselves from crime, according to a released figure, 52% of Americans keep guns at home. But some gun owners turn out to be potential criminals. Some people demand that strict law for gun control be enforced; but others oppose the ban of gun. No decision is in sight., Some experts said poverty, unemployment and racial discrimination are the causeof crime. They cited figures to show that 47% of crime cases were committed by the black, though they account for only about 12% of the population of the nation. Others argued that about 54% of convicted criminals came from families associated with these evils., The American state government and federal government spend billions of dollars each year in maintaining the police departments and jails. But police authoritiescomplain that they have not sufficient welltrained hands and advanced equipment to, detect and stop crimes. Several cases of criminal insurgence were reportedas a result of resentment at overcrowded prisons. Taxpayers complain that they pay more and more tax but receive less and less protection from crime for their lives and property., Though the host of the live TV programme made great efforts to search for a solution, so far no participant could put forward a measure that was approved by most of the attendants.,, TEXT F First read the question., 32.What is the main topic of the following passage?, A.Differences between modes of learning., B.Deficiencies of formal learning., C.Advantages of informal learning., D.Social context and learning systems., Now go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 32., The term “formal learning” is used in this paper to refer to all learning thattakes place in the classroom, irrespective of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies. “Informal learning”, on the otherhand, is used to refer to learning which takes place outside the classroom., These definitions provide the essential, though by no means sole, difference between formal and informal learning. Formal learning is decontextualised from daily life and, indeed, as Scribner and Cole (1973:553) have observed, may actually“promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those nurtured in practical daily life”. A characteristic feature of formal learning is thecentrality of activities that are not closely paralleled by activities outside theclassroom. The classroom can prepare for, draw on, and imitate the challenges of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by its nature, consist of these challenges., In doing this, language plays a critical role as the major channel for information exchange. “Success” in the classroom requires a student to master this abstract code. As Bernstein (1969:152) noted, the language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by middleclass families than that used by workingclass,, families. Middleclass children thus find it easier to acquire the language of the, classroom than their working,class peers., Informal learning, in contrast, occurs in the setting to which it relates, making learning immediately relevant. In this context, language does not occupy such an important role: the child’s experience of learning is more holistic, involving sight, touch, taste, and smell—senses that are underutilised in the classroom.While formal,, learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child’s development. Adultsor older children who are proficient in the skill or activity provide - sometimes unintentionally - target models of behaviour in the course of everyday activity. Informal learning, therefore, can take place at any time and is not subject to the limitations imposed by institutional timetabling., The motivation of the learner provides another critical difference between the two modes of learning. The formal learner is generally motivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status, and potential financial reward. The informal learner, however, tends to be motivated by successful completion of the task itself and the partial acquisition of adult status.,, TEXT G First read the question. 33.The three approaches mentioned in the passage aim at ____., A.restructuring economy, B.improving the tax system, C.improving the living conditions, D.reducing poverty, Now go through TEXT G quickly to answer question 33. As a rule, it is essential that the poor’s productive capabilities be mobilizedand the conditions for developing these human resources be improved. In this connection, German development policy has developed the following three approaches:, — Structural reform: Structural reform is the preferred approach for reducingpoverty because it eliminates the causes of poverty rather than just its symptoms. It is vital that economic, political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty be established at national and international levels. Efforts at international level focus on fair conditions for international trade and competition. At national level, the poor must be helped through structural reform such as theintroduction of democratic government, options for independent private enterprise, decentralization and agricultural reform. Development policy tools for realizing such reforms include political dialogue, political advisory services, structural adjustment measures and personnel and material support for reform efforts in the government, business and administrative sectors.— Dire,ct measures: Projects of this category are aimed at directly helping the poor and improving their living conditions or increasing their job options and earning potential. Of special importance are those projects which provide help for selfhelp in reducing, poverty. The material support and advisory services offered by these projects reinforce the poor’s will to help themselves and help eable them to lead selfsufficient lives. Typical direct aid projects include the construction of simple housing, by selfhe,lp groups, the creation of a savings and loan system for the poorer segments of society and support for women’s selfhelp organizations.,, —Indirect measures: A project’s beneficiaries - its target group - are not only often difficult to identify clearly, they are also not necessarily all poor people. In these cases, the project in question must be integrated into one of the partner nation’s overall or sectorspecific policies that aim at reducing poverty. A good, illustration of this type of project is the use of advisory services to improve the tax system. Advising and upgrading the qualifications of personnel working in the fiscal system can lead to increased tax revenues which could be allocated for antipoverty, measures. In keeping with this focus, German development assistance concentrates on the poorest nations and on projects to reduce poverty. In 1993, some 10 percent of the commitments Germany made for bilateral financial and technical assistance went to selfhelp projects aimed at reducing poverty. B,asic needs projects comprised 48 percent of all projects and almost 30 percent of the commitments made for financial and technical assistance were allocated for the world’s least developed countries (LDCs)., TEXT H First read the question. 34.What is the following passage mainly concerned with?, A.Educational facilities in Africa., B.Founding a university for women., C.Agricultural production in Zimbabwe., D.Women’s role in agricultural production., Now go through TEXT H quickly to answer question 34. Access to education facilities is inadequate in subSaharan Africa. And women and girls, there face greater disadvantages. They are often denied education as customs dictate they marry early and have children., Two Zimbabwean academics plan to open a university to help African women whose education was interrupted by either family commitments or financial constraints.The university will initially be in Harare, but will be relocated to Marondera,80 kilometres east. The academics, Hope Sadza, former deputy commissioner of Zimbabwe’s Public Service Commission and Fay Chung, former Minister of Education,are to open the university this month. It will initially have 400 students., Students will be split into groups of 100 and placed in one of four faculties: social science, agriculture, environmental studies or science and technology. The university is for women aged 25 or older., The need for a university for women is more acute in Africa, where women are thepoorest and most disadvantaged. When they do have access to education they often must endure sexual harassment. Most women drop out because they lack educational materials or the schools are inaccessible., “In Africa, women till the land and produce the bulk of the food, yet they haveno understanding about marketing,” Sadza siad. “Agriculture is another area where we can empower women.”, The university will have a 285hectare farm and courses will include agricultural, production and marketing., Women account for 80 per cent of Africa’s agricultural production, but have no control over either the resources or policies., The university since August has raised about Z$32.5 million (US$591,000) in donations and pledges. The university will be open to students from across Africa. It will be the second women’s university - after Sudan’s Ahfad University - in Africa.,, TEXT I First read the questions. 35.Which president advocated the lifting of the ban on women teachers?, A.Xu Yangqiu. B.Wu Yifang. C.Tao Xingzhi. D.Chen Heqin., 36.What is Guo Juefu?, A.A painter. B.A poet. C.A biologist. D.A psychologist., Now go through TEXT I quickly to answer questions 35 and 36.Many presidents of the centuryold Nanjing Normal University (NJNU) have put forward, insightful and inspiring education theories and practices, which have had a farreaching impact on China’s education history.,, Jiang Qian and Guo Bingwen proposed a schoolrunning principle that advocated the, balance between versatility and specialization, liberal arts and sciences., Tao Xingzhi, a wellknown educator, carried out many important reforms in the, university. For the first time in China, he advocated the lifting of the ban on women teachers and opened adult training classes in summer vacations., Wu Yifang, China’s first woman university president, emphasized normal education, regarding it as the parent engine and heavy industry of education., Chen Heqin established a Chinesestyle and scientific theory for modern educati, on for children., There have also been many noted scholars and artists., Educator Xu Yangqiu was one of China’s earliest scholars to study American education theory., Professor Luo Bingwen devoted himself to normal education theory and Chinese andforeign education history, advocating that teachers should be models of virtuefor the students so that their behaviour guides the students., Psychologist Guo Juefu is an important figure in China’s psychological history. 〖〗China Psychological HistoryWTBZ, a book he authored, has made its mark in international psychological circles., Zhang Daqian, a wellknown master of traditional Chinese painting, advised his, students to read books systematically and selectively to rid themselves of worldliness, fickleness and pedantry. Zhang also pointed out that success comes largely from one’s own endeavours, but partly from circumstance., Sun Wang, a poet versed in the poems popular in the Tang Dynasty (AD 618907),, told students to map out a longterm schedule for their studies and to work to, wards fulfillment of their goal phase by phase., Biologist Chen Bangjie overcame formidable difficulties to collect plant specimen and became China’s father of bryology.,, Generations of talented educators have given Nanjing Normal University a fine reputation.,, TEXT J First read the questions. 37.The Chicago GSB M.B.A. Programme for Executives is scheduled to be completed within ____., A.22 months B.20 months, C.16 weeks D.14 weeks, 38.If you are in Malaysia, when is your attendance date?, A.January 17th.，,, B.January 15th.，,,, C.January 29th.，,, D.February 27th.，,,, Now go through TEXT J quickly to answer questions 37 and 38. CHICAGOWorldwide campuses.Worldrenowned faculty.Worldclass M.B.A.,,,,, degree., A world of opportunity. Limitless, lifelong opportunity awaits you when you attend the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, and now you can do so from anywhere in the world., Experience international business firsthand at the only topranked graduate school with, campuses worldwide. The Chicago GSB M.B.A. Programme for Executives spreads 16 weeks of class sessions over 20 months so you can earn this renowned degree without leaving your job or relocating. Base your studies in Singapore; then collaborate with executives at our Chicago and Barcelona campuses. Learn not just the business theories of today but the business framework of tomorrow from the most acclaimed faculty in the world. Establish a global network of accomplished peers. And benefit for the rest of your life from the leadership training, the thinking, the relationships that become yours at Chicago GSB., If you are a toplevel manager seeking an unparalleled general management education,, apply to the Chicago GSB M.B.A. Programme for Executives.And be among those who, shape the future., The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business,Where worldclass leaders emerge.,, Chicago GSB / Asia Campus, 101 Penang Road, Singapore 238466, 〓telephone 65 238 2196fax 65 835 6483, email singapore.inquiries@gsb.uchicago.edu,www.gsb.uchicago.edu/execMBASiaPlease reserve your attendance by fax or email.,Jakarta 15/Jan,Tuesday, The Grand Hyatt Hotel 19:00-21:30, Manila 24/Jan,Tuesday TaipeiThe ShangriLa Edsa Plaza 19:00-21:30 The Grand Formosa Regent,, Hotel Hotel, 17/Jan,Tuesday Kuala Lumpur 19/Feb,Tuesday,19:00-21:30 The Regent Hotel 19:00-21:30,29/Jan,Tuesday, Bangkok 19:00-21:30 Singapore, The Grand Hyatt Erawan Hotel GSB Asia Campus,22/Jan,Tuesday Hong Kong 27/Feb,Tuesday,19:00-21:30 The Mandarin Oriental Hotel 19:00-21:30,05/Feb,Tuesday, Tokyo 19:00-21:30, The Imperial Hotel,, TEXT K First read the questions. 39.Who has written Cultural Amnesia: America’s Future and the Crisis of Memory?, A.Michael G.Zey. B.Stephen Bertman., C.Don Tapscott, et al. D.Marvin Cetron et al., 40.Which book is a collection of papers?, A.Digital Capital: Harnessing the Power of Business Webs., B.Cheating Death: The Promise and the Future Impact of Trying to Live Forever., C.The Future Factor: The Five Forces Transforming Our Lives and Shaping Human Destiny., D.The University in Transformation: Global Perspectives on the Future of the University., Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40. Digital Capital: Harnessing the Power of Business Webs, by Don Tapscott, David Ticoll, and Alex Lowy., Harvard Business School Press. 2000. 272 pages. Electronic business webs have demolished the rules of competition. Innovative partnerships of digitally linked producers, suppliers, service providers, and customers are accelerating productivity and generating wealth in entirely new ways.This book offers a behindthescenes look at success stories such as Linux, eBay, and,, Cisco, and provides a stepbystep process for implementing an effective,, businessweb strategy.,, Regular Price:$27.50, The University in Transformation: Global Perspectives on the Future of the Universityedited by Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley., Bergin & Garvey/Greenwood Publishing Group. 2000. 270 pages., This anthology of essays from scholars around the world describes how the forcesof technology and economic globalization may alter what we think of as higher education. Topics include the virtual university, paying for college, feminist alternative universities, the role of corporations in higher education,and the rise of “multiversities”., Regular Price:$65.00, The Future Factor: The Five Force Transforming Our Lives and Shaping Human Destinyby Michael G.Zey., McGrawHill. 2000. 289 pages., This optimistic vision of the human future argues that unprecedented opportunities for growth are emerging from breathtaking innovations in biotechnology, computing, robotics, medicine, energy development, and space technology. Powerful newforces altering society and the global economy include cybergenesis, the mergingof humans and smart machines, and biogenesis, the harnessing of genetic technol ogies to improve ourselves., Regular Price: $24.95, Cheating Death: The Promise and the Future Impact of Trying to Live Forever, by Marvin Cetron and Owen Davies., St. Martin’s Press. 1998. 224 pages. With advances in medicine and new gene research, the human lifespan could exte, nd hundreds of years. But a future of billions of people “cheating death” could have devastating impacts on societies, the economy, the environment, and family life., Regular Price: $21.95, Cultural Amnesia: America’s Future and the Crisis of Memory, by Stephen Bertman., Praeger. 2000. 176 pages. American society is losing its memory: 60% of American adults cannot name the president who ordered the dropping of the first atomic bomb, and 42% of college seniors cannot place the Civil War in the correct half of the nineteenth century.This loss of culture memory, as insidious as Alzheimer’s disease, eats away at the soul of the nation, says Bertman, author of Hyperculture. He argues that, t,, o build a culture worthy of the future, Americans need to move away from their materialistic, presentoriented lives and get more in touch with other dimension, s of time., Regular Price: $35.00 , 语卷二 (120 min) ?Part Translation (60 min) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH, Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE., 在人语语系语语上我语不要太浪漫主语。人是有趣的～往往在接一人语首先看到的都很触个 是他或的语点。语一点语像是在餐语里用餐的语语。语始吃语语或冷的语候～印象好她碟很 。吃语主菜语～也是语不语口。愈吃愈语于冷～吃完了语语宴席～缺点就都出了两个静找来 。于是语喜语怒～语语美语语语挑剔～语首肯语语语。语是因语～第一～语始吃的语候正你 语于语语语～而语了吃糠如蜜～语了吃蜜也不。第二～初到一餐语～语始语语状甜甜你个筷 有新语感～新盖的茅房三天香～语也可以叫做“陌生化效语”。吧, , SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the underlined part of the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has beenthat for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. WhenI can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and knowthat I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness., I’m lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when fro the time being I feel empty ad need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out., Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps,by looking again at each one as though it were a person., It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the worlds falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.,, ?Part Writing (60min) It was reported in the press some time ago that a few second-and third-year students in a provincial university decided to try their hands at business in order to get prepared for the future. They opened six small shops near their university. Their teachers and classmates had different opinions about this phenomenon. Some thought that the students’ business experience would help them adapt better to society after graduation, while others held a negative view, saying that running shops might occupy too much of the students’ time and energy which should otherwise be devoted to their academic study. What do you think? Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:Should University Students Go in for Business?, In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should brig what you have written to a natural conclusionor a summary., Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 语音文字 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 、答案及语解 听力原文,, ?PART LISTENING COMPREHENSION, SECTION A TALK, Language is used for doing things. People use it in everyday conversation for transacting business, planning meals and vacations, debating politics, and gossiping. Teachers use it for instructing students, and comedians use it for amusing audiences. All these are instances of language use — that is activities in which people do things with language. As we can see, language use is really a form of joint action. , What is joint action? I think it is an action that is carried out by a group of people doing things in coordination with each other. As simple examples, think of two people waltzing, or playing a piano duet. When two dancers waltz, they each move around the ballroom in a special way. But waltzing is different from the sum of their individual actions. Can you imagine these two dancers doing the same steps, but in separate rooms, or at separate times? So waltzing is, in fact, the joint action that emerges as the two dancers do their individual steps in coordination, as a couple. , Similarly, doing things with language is also different from the sum of the speaker speaking and the listener listening. It is the joint action that emerges when speakers and listeners, or writers and readers, perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. Therefore, we can say that language use incorporates both individual and social processes. Speakers and listeners, writers and readers, must carry out actions as individuals, if they are to succeed in their use of language. But they must also work together as participants in the social units I have called ensembles. In the example I mentioned just now, the two dancers perform both individual actions, moving their bodies, arms, and legs, and joint actions, coordinating these movements, as they create the waltz. In the past, language use has been studied as if it were entirely an individual process. And it has also been studied as if it were entirely a social process. For me, I suggest that it belongs to both. We cannot hope to understand language use without viewing it as joint actions built on individual actions. In order to explain how all these actions work, I’d like to review briefly settings of language use. By settings, I mean the scene in which language use takes place, plus the medium — which refers to whether language use is spoken or written. And in this talk, I’ll focus on spoken settings. , The spoken setting mentioned most often is conversation — either face to face, or on the telephone. Conversations may be devoted to gossip, business transactions or scientific matters, but they’re all characterized by the free exchange of terms among the two participants. I’ll call these personal settings. Then we have what I would call nonpersonal settings. A typical example is the monologue. In monologues, one person speaks with little or no opportunity for interruption, or turns by members of the audience. Monologues come in many varieties too, as a professor lectures to a class, or a student giving a presentation to a seminar. These people speak for themselves, uttering words they formulated themselves for the audience before them, and the audience isn’t expected to interrupt. In another kind of setting which are called institutional settings, the participants engage in speech exchanges that look like ordinary conversation, but they are limited by institutional rules. As examples, we can think of a government official holding a news conference, a lawyer crossquestioning a witness in court, or a professor, directing a seminar discussion. In these settings, what is said is more or less spontaneous, even though turns at speaking are allocated by a leader, or are restricted in other ways. , The person speaking isn’t always the one whose intentions are being expressed. We have the clearest examples in fictional settings. Vivian Leigh plays Scarlett O’Hara in “Gone with the Wind”, Frank Sinatra sings a love song in front of a live audience, the speakers are each vocalizing words composed by someone else — for instance a playwright or a composer — and are openly pretending to be expressing opinions that aren’t necessarily their own. Finally there are private settings when people speak for themselves without actually addressing anyone else, for example, I might explain silently to myself, or talk to myself about solving a research problem, or rehearsing what I’m about to say in a seminar tomorrow. What I say isn’t intended to be recognized by other people, it is only of use to myself. These are the features of private settings.,, SECTION B TALK, W: Good evening, I’m Nancy Johnson. The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang., M: Hello., W: Professor Wang, you’re now professor emeritus of Australia National University, and in your long academic career, you’ve worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department head, dean, professor, and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you’re still very fond of your university days as a student., M: That’s right. That was in 1949. The university that I went to was a brandnew, university then, and the only one in the country at that time. When I look back, it was an amazingly small university, and we knew everybody., W: How did the students like you, for example, study then?, M: We didn’t study very hard, because we didn’t have to. We didn’t have all this fantastic competition that you have today. Mmm. We were always made to feel that getting a first degree in the Arts faculty was not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decide on our careers, and we had such a good time. We were left very much on our own, and we were encouraged to make things happen. , W: What do you see as the most striking difference in university education since then?, M: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Things are very specialized today. , W: Yes, definitely so. And, in your subsequent career experience as an educator and later administrator in various institutions of higher education in Asia and elsewhere, Professor Wang, you have repeatedly noted that one has to look at the development of education in one particular country in a broad context. What do you mean by that?, M: Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education in universities to meet the needs of mass education, and entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few. And universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be bothered about. Therefore, the emphasis of university programs today is now on the practical and the utilitarian, rather than on a general education or on personal development., W: Do you think that is a welcome development?, M: Well, I personally regret this development. But the basic bachelor’s education now has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper to find a decent job., W: So you’re concerned about this development., M: Yes, I’m very concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learn are technical skills, which don’t require you to become very well educated. Yet, if you can master those skills, you can get very good jobs. So the technical institutions are going to be increasingly popular at the expense of traditional universitites., W: Professor Wang, let’s look at a different issue. How do you comment on the current phenomenon because of the fees they pay?, M: Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this is the development in education that we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate on improving the quality of education., W: Yes, you’re right. A university is judged by the quality of education it offers. Professor Wang, let’s turn to the future. What type of graduates, in your view, to universities of the future need to produce, if they are to remain relevant?, M: I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another, because they are trained in a very independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of the flexibility of the mind. Today’s rapid changes in technology demand this adaptability. And you see the best universities in the world are already trying to guarantee that their students will not only be technically trained, but will be the kind of people that can adapt to any changing situation., W: I guess many people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both personal and professional development of students. But still some might believe there is a definite place for education in a broader sense — that is, in personal intellectual development. , M: No doubt about that. We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about society. If a society doesn’t have philosophers, or people who think about the value of life, it’s a very sad society indeed., W: Professor Wang, my last question: do you see any common ground in education between your generation and the young generation now?, M: Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornerstone of our generation’s legacy to education. And the future of education in a country rests not so much on the construction of better buildings, labs, etc., but in the development of an everadaptable, mind., W: That’s true. The essence of education is the education of the mind. Okay, thank you very much, Professor Wang, for talking to us on the show about the changing trends in education., M: You’re welcome,, SECTION C , A new data shows that the global AIDS pandemic will cause a sharp drop in life expectancy in dozens of countries, in some cases, declines of three decades. Several nations are losing a century’s progress in extending the length of life. Nations in every part of the world, 51 in all, are suffering declining life expectancies because of an increasing prevalence of HIV infection. The increase is occurring in Asia, Latin America, and the Carribbean, but is greatest in subSaharan Africa, a region with only 10% of the, world’s population but 70% of the world’s HIV infections. Seven African countries have life expectancies of less than 40 years. For example, in Botswana, where 39% of the adult population is infected with HIV, life expectancy is 39 years. But by 2010, it will be less than 27 years. Without AIDS, it would have been 44 years. Life expectancy throughout the Carribbean and some Central American nations will drop into the 60’s by 2010, when they would otherwise have been in the 70’s without AIDS. In Cambodia and Burma, they are predicted to decline to around 60 years old, to what otherwise would have been in the mid60’s. Even in countries where the number of new infections is, dropping, such as Thailand, Uganda, and Senegal, small life expectancy drop is forecast. Back in the early 1990’s, we never would have suspected that population growth would have turned negative because of AIDS mortality. In less than 10 years, we expect that 5 countries will be experiencing negative population growth because of AIDS mortality, including South Africa, Mozambique, Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland.,, Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news., The European Union has drafted a list of US products to be hit with import taxes in retaliation for tariffs the United States has imposed on European steel. EU member governments will review the list before the EU submits it to the World Trade Organization, which arbitrates international trade disputes. EU officials will not say which American products will be hit by the EU sanctions. But diplomats monitoring the most recent transAtlantic trade dispute say they include textiles and steel products.,, Earlier this month, the Bush administration imposed tariffs of up to 30 percent on some steel imports, including European products., The EU has appealed to the World Trade Organization to get those duties overturned. But a WTO decision on the matter could take up to a year or more. EU officials say that, under WTO rules, the EU has the right to impose retaliatory measures in June. But they say the United States can avoid the EU’s possible countermeasures if it pays more than two billion dollars in compensation to the EU for imposing the steel tariffs in the first place. The officials say Washington could also escape retaliation by lowering U.S. import duties on other EU products. , The Bush administration says it will not pay compensation.,, SECTION D TALK, Good morning. Today’s lecture will focus on how to make people feel at ease in conversations. I guess all of you sitting here can recall certain people who just seem to make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you’ve known them half your life. These people who have that certain something that makes us feel comfortable have something in common, and once we know what that is, we can go about getting some of that something for ourselves. How is it done? Here are some of the skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they will help you put people at their ease, make them feel secure, and comfortable, and turn acquaintances into friends. , First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy, will answer a question. In fact, according to my observation, very shy persons are often more willing to answer questions than extroverts. They are more concerned that someone will think them impolite if they don’t respond to the questions. So most skillful conversationalists recommend starting with a question that is personal, but not harmful. For example, once a famous American TV presenter got a long and fascinating interview from a notoriously private billionaire by asking him about his first job. Another example, one prominent woman executive confesses that at business lunches, “I always ask people what they did that morning. It’s a dull question, but it gets things going.” From there, you can move on to other matters, sometimes to really personal questions. Moreover, how your responder answers will let you know how far you can go. A few simple catchwords like “Really?” “Yes?” are clear invitations to continue talking. , Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen for answers. This point seems obvious, but it isn’t in fact. Making people feel comfortable isn’t simply a matter of making idle conversation. Your questions have a point. You’re really asking, “What sort of person are you?” and to find out, you have to really listen. There are at least three components of real listening. For one thing, real listening means not changing the subject. If someone sticks to one topic, you can assume that he or she is really interested in it. Another component of real listening is listening not just to words but to tones of voice. I once mentioned D.H. Lawrence to a friend. To my astonishment, she launched into an academic discussion of the imagery in Lawrence’s works. Midway through, I listened to her voice. It was, to put it mildly, unanimated, and it seemed obvious that the imagery monologue was intended solely for my benefit, and I quickly changed the subject. At last, real listening means using your eyes as well as your ears. When your gaze wanders, it makes people think they’re boring your, or what they are saying is not interesting. Of course, you don’t have to stare, or glare at them. Simply looking attentive will make most people think that you think they’re fascinating. , Next, good talkers are not afraid to laugh. If you think of all the people you know who make you feel comfortable, you may notice that all of them laugh a lot. Laughter is not only warming and friendly, it’s also a good way to ease other people’s discomfort. I have a friend who might enjoy watching at gathering of other people who do not know each other well. The first few minutes of talk are a bit uneasy and hesitant, for the people involved do not yet have a sense of each other. Invariably, a light comment or joke is made, and my friend’s easy laughter appears like sunshine in the conversation. There is always then a visible softening that takes place. Other people smile, and loosen in response to her laughter, and the conversation goes on with more warmth and ease., Finally, good talkers are onces who cement a parting. That is, they know how to make use of parting as a way to leave a deep impression on others. Last impressions are just as important as first impressions in determining how a new acquaintance will remember you. People who make others really feel comfortable take advantage of that parting moment to close the deal. Men have had it easier. They have done it with a smile, and a good firm handshake. What about women then? Over the last several years, women have started to take over that custom well between themselves or with men. If you’re saying goodbye, you might want to give him or her a second extra hand squeeze. It’s a way to say, I really enjoyed meeting you. But it’s not all done with body language. If you’ve enjoyed being with someone, if you want to see that person again, don’t keep it a secret. Let people know how you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they’ve known you half their life. , Okay, just to sum up. Today, we’ve talked about four ways to make people feel at ease in conversations. These skills are important in keeping conversations going, and in forming friendships later on. Of course, these skills are by no means the only ones we can use. the list is much longer. I hope you will use these four skills, and discover more on your own in your conversations with other people. , Now you have two minutes to check your notes, and then please complete the 15minute gapfilling task on Answer Sheet One.,,, This is the end of listening comprehension. ,, 答案语解与, PAPER ONE ?PART LISTENING COMPREHENSION, SECTION A TALK, 答案, 1. A, 【语句语文】跳语语语舞语言用的相似点在于什语,与运, 【语语分析】本语于语语语属, 【语语解答】从中我语到语言用是一语听运～后面介语了的定talkjoint actionjoint action语～人语在跳语语语舞语～“…two dancers do their individual steps in coordinatio ～而人语使用语言语～“…～n”perform their individual actions in coordination.” 因此正。确,A ,答案, 2B, 【语句语文】语语中的语语者语语语言用是一什语语的语程,运个, 【语语分析】本语于语语语。属, 【语语解答】语语中有“的字语～即和二者～故语。,it belongs to both”individualsocialB ,答案, 3C, 【语句语文】人背景非人背景的主要语是什语,个与个区, 【语语分析】本语于语语语。属, 【语语解答】语语于属～语涉及到者的自由交流,它参与personal settingsThey’re all cha 而白于独属racterized by the free exchange of turns among the two participants. n ～少有或有语交流的机语,它很没与众会onpersonal settingslittle or no opportunity fo 因此～与r interruption, or turns by members of the audience. personal settings 之语的主要语在于语语者语语之语的相互交流。区与众,nonpersonal settings ,答案, 4B, 【语句语文】在小语背景中～语语者_____, 【语语分析】本语于语语语。属, 【语语解答】中语了《语》语例～句子“Talk the speakers are each vocalizing words pr 告语我语～语中的语语者 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 的是语人;如作家、作曲家,语达epared by someone else” 之准语的语。, ,答案, 5D, 【语句语文】其他背景相比～私人背景的主要特征是什语,与, 【语语分析】本语于语语语。属, 【语语解答】在中～“private setting people speak for themselves without actually a 因而是有语的。 没众,ddressing anyone else ”, SECTION B INTERVIEW, ,答案, 6C, 【语句语文】王授那语代的育是什语语的,教个教, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】王授语,教We did not study very hard. We were not under any pressure t 故可排除语语～o decide on our careers.AWe were always made to feel that getting 因而那语的育非语工作教并a first degree … was not preparation for a profession.作准语的～是一般性的育它教。,(general education) ,答案, 7B, 【语句语文】据王授看～目前育的目的是什语,教来教, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】句子“universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for th 语明如今的大语多语注的是语语语生提供工作。学,eir graduates” ,答案, 8C, 【语句语文】依王授看～科技能力教来_______, 【语语分析】语语中～我语到“从听technical skill which don’t require you to become 意思是不需要有好的育～故你很教语。,very well educated”,technical skill C ,答案, 9C, 【语句语文】语于因付语生量的增加而造成的情形～王授提出了什语解建语,学数教决, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】王授语“教what we can do is to concentrate on improving the quality of ～意指我语要提高育语量。教,education” ,答案, 10D, 【语句语文】下面不是今后育语语培语的语语生,哪个教, 【语语分析】本语于推语。属断, 【语语解答】语语、、都可在语中到～是王授所语同的～而且句子“… 会听教ABCthe best universities in the world are already trying to guarantee that their students will not only be technically trained but will be the kind of people that can adapt 语明生不但要受技语上的语语～语得要适语不语化的情学断to any changing situation.” 况教。因而那些只有技能的语语生～不是今后育要培语的。, SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST, ,答案, 11B, 【语句语文】世界上下述地命语短的最语害,哪个区寿, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】文中提到“Nations in every part of the world … are suffering declinin 即语然世g life expectancies …The impact … is greatest in subSaharan Africa”,, 界各地命都有所下降～但受影最语重的地方是寿响～故答案语SubSaharan Africa,B., ,答案, 12D, 【语句语文】根据本新语～家命下降率语小,哪个国寿, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】文中提到“ Even in countries where the number of new infections is dropping, such as Thailand, Uganda, and Senegal, small life expectancy drop is fore ～在上述家中～语语中出语了几个国～即～故答案语。,cast”ThailandDD 答案, 13 B, 【语句语文】语语出语以人口语增语的家主要在将国,,_______ 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】文中提到“we expect that 5 countries will be experiencing negative population growth because of AIDS mortality, including South Africa, Mozambique, L 上文中提到的家主要集中在非洲～故答案语国。,esotho, Botswana and Swaziland.”B ,答案, 14B, 【语句语文】盟和美之语的语易语语主要由什语引起,欧国, 【语语分析】主旨语。, 【语语解答】新语在一语始就语整篇容做了述,语语语美语洲语材征收的语～语盟内概国欧税欧 语增加一系列美语品的语口。由此不语看出本语答案语国税～美语语洲语材的征收的即国欧B 税率。, ,答案, 15A, 【语句语文】在盟语提交语欧将清之前语先语语商,与,WTO 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】新语中提到“EU member governments will review the list before the EU submits it ～盟各即欧国将清政府先语核语。故答案语。,to the WTO”A SECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAP-FILLING, ,答案,1shyness, 【语语解答】语音中提到 “Almost anyone, no matter how shy, will answer a question.” 此语语用名语～故用,shyness., ,答案,2first , 【语语解答】语音中涉及 “语～提到例子～第一例几个个personal but harmful questions” 子语“等。,asking him about his first job” ,答案,3morning, 【语语解答】语音中涉及 “语～提到例子～几个包括 “personal but harmful questions” as 。,k people what they did that morning”,答案,4listen, 【语语解答】语音的第二点提到 “once good talkers have asked questions, they listen for answers.”, ,答案,5interest, 【语语解答】语音中提到 “if someone sticks to one topic, you can assume that he or 此语填填名语～故she is really interested in it.”, interest., ,答案,6tones, 【语语解答】语音中提到 “Another component of real listening is listening not justto words but to tones of voice.”, ,答案,7discomfort, 【语语解答】语音的第三点中提到 “Laughter is not only warming and friendly, it’s also a good way to ease other people’s discomfort.”, ,答案,8conversations, 【语语解答】根据语音的第三点做语语。人语语始语语语语不太了解～适语的笑声能使语语更 容易语行。, ,答案,9handshake, 【语语解答】语音中提到 “Men ...have done it with a smile, and a good firm handshake.”, ,答案,10men, 【语语解答】语音中提到 “women have started to take over that custom as well betwee 。n themselves or with men” ,, ?PART PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION, 答案,?1.^ special committees or special committees, 【语语解答】多语列用句并型。,either...or...or 答案,?2.consisted consisting, 【语语解答】意思是“由构成”～故语语语用语在分语短语。,consist of ... 答案,?3.in on, 【语语解答】固定搭配on ...occasions, 答案,?4.rely ^ rely on , 【语语解答】固定搭配rely on sb. to do something, 答案,?5.make out make, 【语语解答】意思是“辨语出”～而此语意思是“语做语语的研究”～故用“make out ...ma 即可。,ke detailed studies of...” 答案,?6.its their, 【语语解答】此语指代的是“故用语。数,investigations”, 答案,?7.^ public the public, 【语语解答】可表示某一语人～此语意思是“面向公众”～故语用“。,the +adj. the public”答案,?8.nevertheless therefore (thus), 【语语解答】此语不是表示意思的语折～而是前文成因与构果语系～故可改语或。,therefore thus答案,?9.citizenry citizens, 【语语解答】语集体体旧名语～意语“全公民”～且语用法～指公民～强citizenry citizens语具体体的群。, 答案,?10.these those, 【语语解答】指代即数从指代名语语做定语句的先行语～而不行。those witnesses , these ,, ?PART READING COMPREHENSION, SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION, TEXT A 短文大意,美语语国份国国国布什语语了一语语语案～旨在提高语语语语。本文语语语一语语～指出语展中家、语家希望富语予其在语语语易上公平语的机～争会暗示布什的语一 语措语语语是国来件令人沮语之事。, ,答案, 16C, 【考语文】相比之下～里的语参哪民接受政府语语多,, 【语语分析】本语语语语语。, 【语语解答】短文第一段中语,“Farmers in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are luckier: t hey receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or dir 其意思是语洲、美及日本的语欧国运民更幸些～他语接受了大量的政府语ect handouts.” 语～如有保障的价格或者直接的救语～可语洲欧位于首位。后文又有“...pushes U.S. agr 指的是新语语语案使得美的语国icultural support close to crazy European levels.”语语助接近于语狂的洲欧欧水平～语明洲的语民接受政府语语最多。, ,答案, 17A, 【考语文】除了语语上的考语之参外～布什语的新语语语案背后语有什语语机,, 【语语分析】本语语语语语。, 【语语解答】短文第一段末尾语,“ It’s also designed to help the Republican Party w 原～语案语旨在语来帮in control of the Senate in November’s midterm elections.”, 布什所在的民主语得语语党参它党院的控制语～因而有“派的语机”。,(partisan) ,答案, 18A, 【考语文】作者参达全文语语表的意思是什语,, 【语语分析】本语语主旨语。, 【语语解答】文中第二段引用语干达语政部语的语,“What we want is for the rich count ～即国争园希望富能语他语语～第三段语了肯尼语语工语曾语ries to let us compete.” 的语展及如今所面语的语易障碍～此得出一语,“从个教The lesson: the third world ca ～意思是富若国个会语一公平的机～n prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go”第三世界就会来与繁语起～语语语相符。,A ,答案, 19C, 【考语文】作者语美新的语语语语的语参国度如何,, 【语语分析】本语语判断推理语。, 【语语解答】可最后一从几段中的句语得出答案。“This is what makes Bush’s decision t 语明布什的定语决o increase farm subsidies last month all the more depressing.” 人沮语～另外～最后一句“Bush’s handout last month makes a lie of America’s commi 语语上是批语了布tment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.” 什是语其在多哈会语上所作的承语的撒语。因此作者的语度是“批判性的”。,(Doha) TEXT B 短文大意,本文语述了“在今美～人语的工作语语当国并延语了”语一事语分析了原因。, ,答案, 20C, 【考语文】在美～工作语语的参国延语是。,______ 【语语分析】本文语语语语。, 【语语解答】本文第一段未指出,“Since the 1970s, however, the hours clocked up byAmerican workers have risen, to an average of 42 this year in manufacturing. ” 意思是美工人语语的工作语语在国制造语上提高了平均小语;每周,～短文第三段又语,42 “Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufactur 语语明相似的情也出语在况制造语之外～后文语例语明语理和律语;ing.”executives and ,的工作语语也延语了。因此可判断国在美各界都出语了工作语语延语的语象～答lawyers 案正。确,C ,答案, 21B, 【考语文】根据第三参内哪个段容～下面一可能是工作语语延语的后果之一,, 【语语分析】本语于属断判推理语。, 【语语解答】第三段告语我语,在德国随减～着工人收入的增加～他语可以少工作而提高生活 语准～而美不语语语语。句子“国并Parents spend less time with their children, whomay be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile cr 告语我语,美少年国青与犯罪语象上升父母在家语语少有语系～因ime is on the rise?” 而可能是人语工作语语它延语的一语后果。, ,答案, 22A, 【考语文】下面是作者提出的工作语语参哪个延语的原因,, 【语语分析】本语于推语。属断, 【语语解答】短文从数断倒第二段可判出答案。语段第一句告语我语,上述答案均不能解语保 持了世语语短的工作语语语几个何又回语了。句子“Perhaps cultural differences ——t 语明he last refuge of the defeated economist —— are at play”Cultural differen 是语语家语所语语的原因。接下作者在文中分析,“学来ces Perhaps clever marketing has e ～加上语物也成了人语的消遣之一～nsured that basic needs …expand continuously”因而人语日常需求的语大是人语要求工作语语语的原因。, TEXT C 短文大意,本文以散文的语语述了语生在笔捕语女孩与一只狐狸之语的故事。那只狡March 猾的狐狸似乎知道捕语女孩要捕它从她她～却眼皮下慢慢地走语了～女孩被狐狸看的眼神震 住了～她决找它心要到。, ,答案, 23B, 【考语文】故参怎哪个来事语始～狐狸似乎是语的～下面不能用描述狐狸,, 【语语分析】本语于推语。属断, 【语语解答】短文第一段中的描述可语我语语语出正答案。句子“确The fox really exasper 语明狐狸激怒了他语——捕语女孩～故而狐狸是语人语火的～ated them both”(annoying)“意指狐狸狡猾;,～当用语射他语～狐狸却毫不在意And he was so sly”cunningMarch ,“～而且狐狸“…But he made no account of this”seemed to circumvent the girl 似乎故意包语着捕语女孩语～语些都暗示狐狸语有挑性;衅,。s deliberately”defiant 从断文中不能判狐狸是凶猛的～故语。,(fierce)B ,答案, 24D, 【考语文】参随着故事的语展～语始感语被什语符咒语住了,,March 【语语分析】本语于语语语～旨在考语语 属。,spellbound 【语语解答】句子“告语我语,当狐狸She was spellbound ——she knew he knew her.” 的眼睛遇到的眼睛语～一下子象被“符咒语住”;,了～她知道狐狸MarchMarchspellbound语语。故答案是,她。,fox ,答案, 25A, 【考语文】语语地～参似乎语于一语什语语的语,状,March 【语语分析】本语于语语语。属, 【语语解答】第五段中出语“和“～语明walked abstractedly about”mindlessness”March心神不、宁与心不在焉～相似。,blankness ,答案, 26C, 【考语文】故参事语尾～和狐狸之语似乎出语了一语什语语的感语,,March 【语语分析】本语于推属理语。, 【语语解答】最后一段告语我语～一心被所占语～语她很找拗地想到～句子如,Marchfoxfox“等告语我She was possessed by him,… she felt him invisibly master her spirit” 语和似乎很与了解语方～语答案;语密,相近。,Marchfoxintimacy ,答案, 27A, 【考语文】整篇文参章语人一语什语语的印象,, 【语语分析】本语于推语。属断, 【语语解答】本文以语语的语故笔将娓娓来个丰事道～一活生生的狐狸形象及感情富且固语的女语手语然语上～语些都是通语描述语手的心理活语、狐狸的表情行语及语周语语境的渲染所造成的。通篇文章充语了一语神秘的。气氛, TEXT D 短文大意,随国会欧个来着八首语语的召语～洲爆语了新一语的抗语示威活语。一语代以第 一次国会减会并随语政治和语语形式语于被语判的地位。抗语者不少而增加～且着全球化的语展～抗语活语也形成了全球化。, , 答案, 28C, 【考语文】 根据上下文～第一参段末的“一语指的是什语,,parties” 【语语分析】语语推理语。, 【语语解答】第一段提到“旗子收好了～票语好了～就等着去参加了～第二段parties ...”语语提到“本周将欧会有一次泛抗语者的宴”。不语推理出是泛抗欧语者的活语～parties故答案语C., ,答案, 29B, 【考语文】 根据本文～语语参与并全球化行的是。,______ 【语语分析】段落理解语。, 【语语解答】第六段提到“全球抗语活语语生了他语自己的语言、文本、语程等～抗语者以前不一语的政治、语语分析也融合语一了～”最后一句语提到“体政府和世界语语促使语本和语展全球化的语期语正划来通语抗语的全球化反映出。”, ,答案, 30A, 【考语文】 根据最后一参段～布语塞语正在考语什语,, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】第八段提到“...meet only in places able to physically resist the masse 第九段段首直接提到“s”, Brussels is considering building a super fortress for int 由语句语可以推出答案语两断。ernational meetings.” A ,, SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANINGTEXT E 短文大意, 本文语述了美国会社犯罪的语重性语语。, ,答案, 31B, 【考语文】本文的目的旨在做什语,参, 【语语分析】本语于主旨语。属, 【语语解答】通语快速语语～可语文章第二段、三段列了语多据语明数犯罪的语重性～故语。,BTEXT F 短文大意,本文分析了“和“两学语语语 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。,formal learning”informal learning” ,答案, 32A, 【考语文】本文的主旨是什语,参, 【语语分析】本语于主旨语。属, 【语语解答】快速语语各段首句可知答案。, TEXT G 短文大意,本文语述了德政府国语提高语人人力语源所采取的三语措施。,,答案, 33D, 【考语文】文中提到的三语方参法旨在做什语,, 【语语分析】本语于属段落大意语。, 【语语解答】快速看黑体即字;三语方法,后的每段首句及第三句～可知均有“reduce pover ～故答案语。,ty”D TEXT H 短文大意,本文语解了在非洲建立女子大的语语。学, ,答案, 34B, 【考语文】本文主要语注什语语的语语,参, 【语语分析】本语于主旨语。属, 【语语解答】语语全文～和二语出语语率最高～再看各段首句可知答案。,universitywomen TEXT I 短文大意,南京语范大的多学教与践位校语提出了一些有语解的、鼓舞人心的育理语语语语念～语中的育国教响史有着深语的影。, ,答案, 35C, 【考语文】参哪位校语语同解除语女老语的禁令,, 【语语分析】本语于语语语。属, 【语语解答】第一段很找重要～然后直接根据语语语语各段落出相语的人物。,,答案, 36D, 【考语文】参是什语人,,Guo Juefu 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】直接文中到从找的相语介语可知答案。,Guo Juefu 〖〗〖;〗〖〗〖;〗〖,〗〖〗 ,CSD%0,0,0,40FKB2001WTHZLT5YTEXT JLTFK)〖〗学研广短文大意,本文是一语芝加哥大商语究院所作的告。,WTBZ ,答案, 37B, 【考语文】参研内芝加哥商语究院语语理语语的工商管理语士语程在多语语语语束,, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】第三段中有一据个数～再看上文～可即知答案。,20 months,答案, 38C, 【考语文】如参你来你果在语西语～的语到日期是什语语语,,【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】吉隆坡是语来西语的首都～直接看到语一语可知答案。,Kuala Lumpur—— TEXT K 短文大意,本文介语了本语的作家、容、几内价格等。,,答案, 39B, 【考语文】语了参写一语Cultural Amnesia: America’s Future and the Crisis of memory ,, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】直接到语找名～便可知作家。, ,答案, 40D, 【考语文】本语是语文集,参哪, 【语语分析】语语语。, 【语语解答】语看语语中的四本语～再快速语语语四本语～而“一语anthology of essays” 与“相近～故语。a collection of papers ”D ,, PAPER TWO ?PART TRANSLATION, SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH, 【考语文】参, We shouldn’t be too romantic about human relationships. Human beings are funny. Usually, when they meet a person they will first notice his or her merits. It’s just like the experience of dinning in a restaurant. The starter or cold dish will leave you a very good impression. You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. The more you eat, the calmer you will become. At the end of the dinner all the shortcomings come out. Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nitpicking, and headingnodding to headshaking. This is because,,, : first, you are hungry when you begin eating. When you are hungry, the bran tastes as sweet as honey; when you are full, even the honey tastes insipid. , SECTION B English to Chinese, 只有在我语于语累～在我语语语无语地工作～在我感到断内虚填心空～需要语的语候～我才寂寞。而有语在我巡回 演语后回家语～在我语了语多人～语了语多语～且语语多得需要清理语～我才寂寞。, 于是有那语一小感语房子会儿哪儿会又大又空～我都不知道我的自我藏在了。于是我语植物 语语水～或者语将它挨个儿它找再语语～好像语是人一语。语语我才慢慢地重新回自我。, 好大一～我看会儿从当会来着水浪语泉中语涌而出～但只有世界在我身语逐语消逝语～那一语刻才到～自我又 从内来来心深语的无意语中冒出～语我最近的语语语语～语我探究～慢慢 语。会 ?PART WRITING, 【考参范文】, Should University Students Go in for Business Nowadays, you may encounter students who are selling stationery or newspapers when you are walking on campus. Some of them have even opened different types of small shops. They assume that in this way they may accumulate some social experiences and get well prepared for their future jobs. However, they can hardly achieve that purpose. What’s even worse is that they will waste a lot of time they could have used for study. Therefore, in my opinion, university students should not go in for business because of the following two reasons., Firstly, university students usually have a heavy task of theoretical study. They have a lot of courses to take, a pile of books to read, and all types of homework to finish. These tasks are essential for them to build up a profound and theoretical foundation. After all, university era is the best time when a student can learn theoretical knowledge. They have many years to practice it later, but if they miss the chance to master it systematically, they will certainly regret wasting their best years. Doing business will take them too much time when they can spend on physical exercises, on books and on activities which will make them better people in the future. No matter whether the business turns out successful or ends up a failure, it will eventually distract students from their academic study. So in the end the students will lose much more than what they earn., Secondly, a complete social service network has been established on campus, andthe students usually have no chance to compete with the supermarkets which offered much better service and commodities of high quality. These supermarkets sellgoods ranging from pens, paper to quilts, from biscuits to cooked meals. You can almost buy whatever you will use in daily life there. Besides, these things are usually cheap. What type of shops the students can run? Most of them do the same business as the supermarkets. What type of goods they offer? Nothing better than those in the supermarkets. As a result, the business run by the students usually end in bankruptcy. Except bitter experiences, they earn nothing. In a word, if university students go in for business, they will inevitably lose not only energy but also time. Therefore, the school authority should forbid the students to run business, and teachers should try their best to persuade the students not to take the risk so early. 本套真语语语的语言重点, 重点语语, 不切语语的,pie-in-the-sky 语因～语机,激怒,本语不同的～语的异,incentive exasperate disparate 反语无常～易语,拘泥形式～语弄学语fickleness pedantry ,, 重点语语, 语语做某事,文科,工程语程等占去;语语,give it a go liberal arts spread over (,)‹ 年英语语语八语考语语真 向上 年英语语语八语考语全真›语语 20032005 ? 添加新语语 • • www.YingYuDaXue.com 英语大 学版语明声 theme by Huang