匈奴的兴起及与汉朝的和战 张骞通西域和丝绸之路 学案

匈奴的兴起及与汉朝的和战 张骞通西域和丝绸之路 学案 第14课 匈奴的兴起及与汉朝的和战 【温故知新】 说出汉武帝加强大一统的措施及意义 【学习目标】 通过本课的学习，了解匈奴的兴起和在我国古代历史上所作的贡献，匈奴与两汉的关系，包括 汉武帝时期卫青、霍去病大破匈奴，呼韩邪单于归汉和昭君出塞。 学习重点:冒顿单于统一蒙古草原;卫青、霍去病大败匈奴。 学习难点:汉初和亲与汉元帝时昭君和亲的异同点。 【预习展示】 一、冒顿统一蒙古草原 时间:______________ 人物:______________ 经济发展情况:________________ 二、卫青、霍去病大破匈奴 1.条件:______________ 2.时间:_____________ 战役:______________ 作用:________________ 三、昭君出塞 、呼韩邪单于归汉:时间____________影响__________ 1 2、昭君出塞: 时间:____________________ 对象:____________________ 作用:___________、_________ 【合作探究】 1、与当时匈奴强盛相比，西汉初年的经济状况是怎样的,什么是和亲政策,西汉对匈奴为什么 要采取和亲政策, 2、 汉武帝对匈奴的政策与汉初一样吗,为什么会有这样的变化, 【精讲点拨】 很多历史事件有相同的名称，然而在具体的历史背景下却又有着不同的含义，请写出下列历史事件 international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in central 的不同。 ,1,秦末汉初～中原长期战乱～匈奴乘机夺取河套地区～并继续南下,西汉初期～限于国力～对匈奴实行“和亲”, ,2,汉元帝时～呼韩邪单于入朝请求和亲。 【巩固训练】 回顾前面两课，结合本课内容，想一想，汉武帝的大一统表现在哪些方面,(从政治、思想、经济、军事方面思考) 【测试 评价 LEC评价法下载LEC评价法下载评价量规免费下载学院评价表文档下载学院评价表文档下载 】 1、 秦汉之际，匈奴族的杰出首领第一次统一了蒙古草原，建立起强大的国家，他是( ) A、呼韩邪单于 B、冒顿单于 C、律阿保机 D、铁木真 2、 汉武帝时期，改汉初对匈奴的“和亲”政策为进攻政策的主要原因是( ) A、张骞出使西域的成功 B、 匈奴族的分裂 C、卫青、霍去病的英勇抗击 D、 西汉国力的强盛 3、 董必武诗曰“昭君自有千秋在，胡汉和亲见识高“这里的”汉“指西汉，”胡“指( ) A、蒙古族 B、 戎族 C、 匈奴 D、女真 4、 西汉时，彻底打败匈奴，解除了匈奴对西汉的威胁。当时在位的西汉皇帝是( ) A、汉高祖 B、汉文帝 C、 汉景帝 D、汉武帝 5、 体育比赛中夺得第一名的被称为“冠军“。它始于汉朝一位皇帝称他的一位著名将军勇冠三军， 封其为”冠军侯“还有一句名言”匈奴未灭，无以家为?” 他在攻打匈奴的战役中立下了赫赫战 功。这位年轻的将领是( ) A、卫青 B、 霍去病 C、窦固 D、 窦宪 6、 使匈奴无力再与西汉对抗的历史事件( ) A、蒙恬出击匈奴 B、窦固 、窦宪出击匈奴 C、卫青、霍去病于前119年出击匈奴 D、汉武帝时，从匈奴手中夺取了河套和河西走廊 7、 西汉时，对卫青、霍去病出击匈奴的史实，评价正确的是( ) A、战争劳民伤财 B、破坏了民族融合 C、正义的战争，保护了中原人民的安全 D、侵略战争，迫使匈奴西迁 8、 关于对匈奴族的表述，正确的是( ) international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in central ? 它是我国北方一支古老的游牧民族 ? 秦汉之际，匈奴族的杰出首领第一次统一了蒙古草 原，建立起强大的国家 ? 匈奴族的畜牧业发达，冶铸业也发展起来 ? 在同中原的交往 中，匈奴 从汉族那里学会农耕，开始垦田种谷 A、?? B、 ?? C、 ??? D、 ???? 第15课 张骞通西域和丝绸之路 【温故知新】 为什么汉初对匈奴实行“和亲”，而汉武帝时却对匈奴进行大规模军事反击, 【学习目标】 通过本课的学习，了解张骞两次出使西域、中央政府对西域实行管辖、丝绸之路、班超出使西 域等基本史实。 学习重点:张骞通西域和“丝绸之路”是本课的重点。 学习难点:正确认识丝绸之路的文化内涵及其在中西方交流史上的重要地位 【预习展示】 一、张骞通西域 1、西域的含义:__________________ 2、张骞第一次出使西域: ?目的:__________________ ?时间:________________ ?困难:______________ ?结果: ________________ 3、第二次出使西域: ?目的:_ __________________________________ ?时间:___________________ ?结果:___________________ ?作用:打通了_____________ 加强了_____________ 4、西域都护府的设立: ?时间:____________________ ?政府:____________________ ?职权范围:________________ ?意义:____________________ 二、丝绸之路 1、开通时间:____________ 2、开通条件:? ___________________ ?____________________ 1、基本路线:_____、______、______、_____、______、_______。 2、历史作用:______________、______________。 三、班超经营西域 international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in central 1、班超出使西域 时间_________ 2、_________出使大秦。 3、大秦使者来访 时间_________ 意义_________ 【合作探究】 阅读“丝绸之路”图: 请回答: (,) 请你根据地图说出其主要路线。 (,) 对开通这条路线做出巨大贡献的人是谁,想象他在出使西域过程中会遇到哪些挫折,应学习 他的什么精神, (,) 这条路线为何叫丝绸之路,丝绸之路的开通有何意义, 【测试评价】 1、史学家翦伯赞盛赞张骞说:“他是一个冒险家，又是一个天才的外交家，同时，又是一员战将，真 可谓中国历史出类拔萃的人物也。”那么，张骞的主要历史功绩是 ,、派班超经营西域 ,、统一蒙古草原 ,、开通西域 ,、公元前,,,年带兵大破匈奴 ,、西汉的版图比秦朝的版图大大增加，这主要是因为 ( ) A、西域地区归属西汉政府管辖 B、东北地区归属西汉政府管辖 C、西藏地区归属西汉政府管辖 D、内蒙古地区归属中央政府管辖 ,、有一句广告词:“2000年前，丝绸是中国的名片;1000年前，瓷器是中国的名片;500年前，茶 叶是中国的名片„„”为丝绸成为“中国名片”作出最大贡献的人物是 ,、张骞 ,、郑和 ,、鉴真 ,、玄奘 ,、当时罗马共和国执政官凯撒身穿丝绸长袍出现在罗马大剧院的时候，全场为之欢呼，丝绸服饰一 时成为欧洲上层社会的时尚。欧洲人能穿上中国丝绸制成的衣服最早应在 ,、秦朝 ,、汉朝 ,、唐朝 ,、明朝 ,、下列对丝绸之路作用的认识，错误的是 ( ) international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in central ,、有利于发展同西域的友好关系 ,、联络大月氏夹击匈奴 ,、有利于了解西域的地理和物产情况 ,、有利于加强中西经济、文化联系 6下列事件在历史上出现的先后顺序是 ( ) ?张骞出使西域 ?班超经营西域 ?西域都护府的设立 ?蒙恬出击匈奴 ,、???? ,、???? ,、???? ,、????、 7、班超出使西域与张骞出使西域所起的不同作用是 ( ) ,、直接帮助西域各国摆脱了匈奴的控制 ,、使汉朝与西域的经济文化交流频繁起来 ,、使中国同西方的贸易开始发展起来 ,、为以后中国的发展提供了条件 2、张骞第一次出使西域: ?目的:_联络大月氏，夹击匈奴_ ?时间:________________ ?困难:_____________ ?结果: 了解了西域各国的经济、政治、文化等方面的情况。 3、第二次出使西域: ?目的:_ 加强西域各国与汉朝建立友好关系 _ (,) 这条路线为何叫丝绸之路,丝绸之路的开通有何意义, ?丝绸之路开辟后，中国的丝和丝织品源源不断地输往西亚和欧洲，丰富了该地区人民的生活。?中国与中亚、西亚和欧洲的经济、文化得到了交流。?使得秦汉文化远播异国他乡，为当地的文化发展做出了巨大贡献。(4)价值和作用:?中国丝绸之路是中西方友好、物质文化交流的历史见证。?充分反映了中国古代劳动人民的勤劳、勇敢和富有创造力的精神。?有利于弘扬我国民族文化，增强民族的凝聚力和自豪感。?也确利于当今旅游事业的发展和考古工作的开展。 international, Unicom international market, adapted future people on city of development needs, based Yu industry support, and traffic advantage, and Yangtze River culture, and ecological civilization, advantage, established city development target: radiation absorb Yangtze River upstream chuan Yunnan Guizhou of regional center, and international ecological landscape culture city. 2.3.2 economic development in Yibin city, goal 2020 GDP reached 300 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 58000 2030 regional GDP reached 800 billion yuan, the per capita GDP reached 138000. 2020 industrial structure adjustment in Yibin city as 9:56:35; 2030 industrial structure adjustment for the 6:47:47. Industrial output by 2020 of 510 billion yuan in 2030 and reach 1.2 trillion yuan. 2.4 of the urban population and land size 2.4.1 Yibin city, population size according to the different forecasting methods and the size of population environmental capacity check, the downtown main future population projections for the year are as follows: downtown main future population projections for the year (unit: million) forecast methods, 2020, 2030, balancing method for 130-150 table 2.4-1 170-190 ultra high speed development of relationship between economic and labour law development of 150 210 140 180 General develop 130 1.7 million people, resources and environment capacity check land population carrying capacity--280 water resources and population capacity-does not constitute a binding comprehensive prediction of ecological resources coupled--310 results of 140-180 in 2020, the actual resident population of about 1.4 million people; 2030 the actual resident population of about 1.8 million people. 2.4.2 the use of scale, Yibin city 2030 per capita index of urban construction land in the center of 100 square meters per person. Yibin city construction land standards and scale of table table 2.4-2 year population size (mass) land size (km2) land per capita ((km2/people) 2012 82.5 76.19 92.4 2020 140 140 100 2030 2030 Yibin 180 180 100 figure 2.4-1 figure 2.5 land-use planning layout of urban space in central