高考英语书面表达基础五大句型结构讲与练

高考英语书面表达基础五大句型结构讲与练 句子是表达思想的最基本的语言单位。无论是书面表达还是口头表达，都凭借意义连贯的一系列句子以表达人们的思想。要写好一篇文章，无论是长篇大论，还是百字短文，都必须写好一个个句子。写好句子的关高考资源网键就在于培养起句子筐架结构能力。而动词句型筐架意识、修饰语的定位意识以及英语主语表达方式辨别意识则是英语句子筐架结构能力的核心所在。所以有必要强化训练各个有关句式句型，为迅速提高英语书面表达能力打下扎实的基础。 一、主系表结构w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 【句型】SVSC (1) 主语+ be+ 表语(名词/代词) 【用法】在本句型中，名词或代词作表语，名词或代词可带附加成分。要注意主谓一致和时态问题。 I’m a college student. It must be a grammar mistake   【练习】 人类居住的唯一家园是地球。The only home for man to live on is the earth. 失败为成功之母。Failure is the mother of success. 所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。All these dictionaries are a great help to me. 门口那辆摩托车不是我的。The motorcycle at the gate is not mine. 倘若我是你，我就采纳他的建议。If I were you, I follow take his advice. 【句型】SVSC (2) 主语+ be + 形容词 + (介词短语) 【用法】在本句型中，形容词作表语。用于本句型的形容词有： 一般形容词，如pleasant, fine, busy, warm, absent, rich, angry, different等；多数形容词后有固定的介词搭配。 表语形容词，如ready, sure, certain, sorry, present, content, fond, alive, awake, asleep, alike, alone, afraid, ashamed, aware等。 跟of介词短语的形容词，如forgetful, doubtful, proud, full, free, short, careful, capable 跟of介词短语，用来描述人的品行或特点的形容词，如good, clever, kind, nice, foolish, silly, cruel, impolite, careless, stupid, right, unwise, wise, rude, wrong, naughty等。 be rich in, be busy with, be responsible for, be angry with, be different from, be fond of, be welcome to My Chinese host was very hospitable.   【练习】 中国自然资源丰富。China is rich in natural resources. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 王先生正忙于备课。Mr. Wang is busy preparing for his lessons. 他对他儿子学习上的进步感到自豪。He is very proud of his son’s progress in study. 他们缺少时间和钱。They are short of time and money. 你真糊涂，竟然相信他说的话。It’s very foolish of you to believe what he said. 他总是乐于助人。He is always ready to help others. 【句型】SVSC (3) 主语+ be + 现在分词 【用法】在本句型中，现在分词作表语，大部分这类词已被看作形容词，它们用来修饰说明表示物的主语。用于本句型的现在分词有：amusing(有趣的), boring(令人厌烦的), disappointing(令人失望的), charming(迷人的), inviting (引人注目的,吸引人的), comforting(令人鼓舞的), confusing(混淆的), exciting(令人兴奋的), embarrassing(令人为难的), discouraging(令人气馁的), disturbing(烦扰的), fascinating(迷人的), interesting, surprising(惊人的), missing, promising(有前途的), puzzling(令人迷惑的), shocking (骇人听闻的), striking(引人注目的), pleasing(令人高兴的), touching(动人的)，worrying(令人担心的)等。 This poem is very moving. His speech was very boring.   【练习】 这个童话很有趣。This fairy tale is very interesting. 这个小伙子真讨人喜欢。The young man is very charming. 这场追猎扣人心弦, 可惜狐狸还是跑了。The hunt was exciting, but the fox escaped. 他的话使人相当泄气。What he said was rather discouraging. 他发现的情况使他十分惊讶。He was astonished at what he found. 我放在桌子上的英语书不见了。My English book on the desk is gone. 【句型】SVSC (4) 主语+ be + 过去分词 + (介词短语) 【用法】在本句型中，过去分词作表语，且常常带介词短语，介词一般固定，不可随便选用。用于本句型的过去分词有：常见带介词about分词: excited, pleased, puzzled, shocked, worried. 常见带介词at分词: amazed, disappointed, dissatisfied, amused, annoyed, astonished, delighted, excited, displeased, pleased, shocked, surprised. 常见带介词against分词：arranged, prepared. 常见带介词for分词：prepared, celebrated, pressed. 常见带介词in分词：absorbed, dressed, celebrated, disappointed, delighted, lost, embarrassed, engaged, experienced, interested 常见带介词on分词：founded, based, bent, set 常见带介词to分词：devoted, lost, engaged, known, related, married. 常见带介词with分词：excited, bored, delighted, disappointed, satisfied, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, pleased等。   【练习】 他是中国人民非常熟悉的。He’s well-known to the Chinese people.. 他在教学方面缺乏经验。He is poorly experienced in teaching. 他们两年前在上海结婚的。They got married in Shanghai two years ago. 我不满意我们在那家旅馆受到的待遇。I wasn't satisfied with our treatment at that hotel. 我们要作好下一次考试的准备。We must be prepared for the next exam. 受到你的来信，我非常高兴。I’m very pleased to hear from you. 【句型】SVSC (5) 主语+ be + 形容词 + 不定式 【用法】在本句型中，形容词作表语，表语后直接用动词不定式。不定式所表示的动作是有句中的主语所进行的。用于本句型的形容词有：able, fit, likely, afraid, foolish, lucky, slow, angry, fortunate, mad, anxious, free, nice, stupid, polite, sorry, brave, glad, sure, careful, grateful,, thankful, certain, quick, unable, clever, good, ready, crazy, unwilling, willing, wonderful, content, happy, cruel, rude, curious, sad, worthy, due, kind, selfish, wrong, eager, excited, disappointed, pleased, astonished, puzzled, bored, satisfied, frightened, shocked, surprised, delighted, worried等。 I’m very glad to know you They are all determined to settle in the countryside.   【练习】 他很勇敢，闯进了那着火的房子。He was very brave to break into the burning building. 他非常仔细, 把每一个细节都核对过了。He was careful enough to check up every detail. 战争中的勇士愿意为国捐躯。The brave fighters at war were ready to die for their country. 他下决心再也不见她了。He was determined not to see her any more. 全世界人民都渴望和平。People all over the world were anxious to have peace. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 【句型】SVSC (6) 主语+ be + 形容词短语 + 不定式 【用法】在本句型中，在形容词后用不定式，动词不定式修饰形容词，表示程度或结果。主要有四种句型： “too + adj. to do sth”结构，表示“太…以致不能…”。 “adj. + enough + to do sth.”结构，表示“够…以致能…”。 “so + adj. + as to do sth.”结构，表示“如此…以致能…”。 “very/rather + adj. + to do (vt.)” 结构，表示“很…做”，主语是不定式的实际宾语。 He’s too young to go to school. He’s old enough to know the world. 他到了懂得人情世故的年龄了。 She is very pleasant to talk with.和她谈话很愉快。   【练习】 这些柱子(pillars)太细, 支撑不住屋顶。These pillars are too thin to carry the roof. 这篇文章他翻译起来太难了。The article is too difficult for him to translate. 他很富裕，买得起那辆豪华(luxury)车。He is rich enough to buy that luxury car. 他不是傻子，他不会相信那种事。He was not so stupid as to believe that. 他很容易相处。He is quite easy to get along with. 他气得说不出话来。He was angry to say a word. 【句型】SVSC (7) 主语+ be + 形容词 + that从句 【用法】在本句型中形容词作表语。连词that引导的从句在下列形容词后作宾语：sure, aware, careful, certain, determined等。that引导的从句在下列形容词后作状语：sorry, happy, glad, proud, satisfied, disappointed, pleased等。 We’ll quite sure that he will succeed. I’m very glad that you were able to come.   【练习】 我恐怕他不能来开会了。I’m afraid that he won’t be able to come to the meeting. 他很高兴他得到了进入大学的机会。 He was very glad that he had got the opportunity to go to college. 我们决心把这项工作提前完成。 We are determined that the work should be completed ahead of time. 他没有接受邀请，我们都很失望。 We were very much disappointed that he could not accept the invitation. 【句型】SVSC (8) 主语+ be + 介词短语 【用法】在本句型中，介词短语作表语，说明主语的情况。有些介词短语已成为固定的短语，不能随意变动。 Everything is in good order. All the workers are on strike   【练习】 那条铁路正在修建中。That railway is under construction. 黎明的父亲失业四年了。Li Ming’s father has been out of work for four years. 全班学生都反对这个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 。All the students in the class are against the plan 他们是同一国籍。They are of the same nationality. 【句型】SVSC (9) 主语+特殊连系动词+ 表语 【用法】 常见的“特殊连系动词”可分为三类：表示“变成某种状态”意义的系动词：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, make, prove, run, shine, turn, turn out, wear, work. 表示“保持某种状态”意义的系动词：continue , die, go, hold, keep, lie, live, remain, rest , return, sit, stand, stay 表示 “自己感觉或令人感觉” 意义的系动词：appear, feel , look, seem , smell, sound, taste。 Her ideal has come true．她的理想实现了. Why do you keep silent? 你怎么不说话？   【练习】 你的手摸起来很凉。Your hand feels cold. 所有的树叶都变黄了。All the leaves have turned yellow.. 他们在讨论中全都保持沉默。They all remained silent in the discussion. 二、主谓结构 【句型】SV(1) There + be + 主语 + 状语w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 【用法】在本句型中there仅起引导作用, 本身无词义。谓语在前, 主语在后, 形成主谓倒装。动词be表示“有”或“存在”。谓语动词应与其紧邻的主语保持一致。be有时态的变化, 也可加入情态动词。否定式是将not加在be动词或助动词之后, 作主语的名词前常常带有a/an/any。也可在主语前加no (no = not a/an.any)。have和there+be的区别：从结构上来讲, have前须有主语, 而there+be结构的主语在谓语be 之后。从意义上来讲, 二者都可译为“有”, 但have表示“所有”, “占有”关系, 译成汉语为 “某人(物)拥有某(人)物”。而there+be结构表示“存在”关系, 译为 “某地(某时)有某物(某人)”。 There is going to be a football match tonight.(将来时) There were many children in the park yesterday.(过去时) There hasn't been any rain for some days.(完成时) There must be no more time left. (情态动词) There used to be a cinema here before the war.(情态动词) Xiao Li has an English-Chinese Dictionary There is an English-Chinese Dictionary on the desk.   【练习】 桌上有盏灯，一本字典和几本笔记。 There is a lamp, a dictionary and some notebooks on the table. 花园里有许多苹果树。 There are many apple trees in the garden. 我的小车一定是出什么毛病了。 There must be something wring with my car. 这里战前曾有一座电影院。 There used to be a cinema here before the war. 今年有个好收成。There will be a good harvest this year. 近十天一直没有雨。 There hasn’t been any rain for ten days. 这一对夫妇之间可能发生过争吵。There might have been a quarrel between the couple. 在上下班的拥挤时刻，应该有更多的公共汽车。 There ought to be some more buses during the rush hour. 老师手里拿着几本书。There are some books in the teacher’s hand. 【句型】SV(2) There + 动词 + 主语 + 状语 【用法】在there+be结构中, 谓语动词有时不用be而用： 动词短语：seem to be(似乎), happen to be (碰巧有/碰巧是), be likely to be (可能有/可能是), appear to be (似乎/看起来) used to be(曾经有)；不及物动词：live(生活有/住着),stand(伫立/站着), come, exist(存在), rise(升起), lie(位于/有), occur(发生/有), fly(飞), remain(仍/还有/保持)，stand(站/屹立), hang(挂着), rise(升起), run(流淌/行驶), occur(发生/出现)等。 There happened to be a bad flood that year. There once lived a poor farmer who had four sons. One evening there flew over the city a little swallow. There remained just twenty-eight pounds.   【练习】 双方之间发生了一些误会。 There occurred some misunderstanding between both sides. 从前中国有一个国王。 Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 似乎有个错误。 There appears to be a mistake. 一个陌生人出现在小镇上。There appeared a stranger in the small town. 离湖不远有一座由人工堆起来的小山。There stands a man-made hill near the lake. 火灾之后他的房子片瓦不留。There remained nothing of his house after the fire. 墙上挂着毛主席的画像。There hangs a portrait of Chairman Mao on the wall. 在我们社会里依然存在着阶级斗争。There still exists class struggle in our society. 从小山背后升起了半个月亮。There rose a half moon from behind the hills. 一条小溪围着村子流过。There runs a small stream around the village. 【句型】SV(3) There + be + 主语 + 定语 【用法】在there+be结构中, 非谓语动词可作定语, 相当于一个定语从句。如果被修饰对象和非谓语动词之间是主谓关系, 且表示正在进行/状态, 则用现在分词作定语; 如是动宾关系, 且表示完成, 则用过去分词作定语; 如表示将来发生的事情, 则常用不定式主动式作定语。 There is a man waiting for you. There were ten people killed in the crash. There are ten soldiers to attend the celebration.   【练习】 有许多家务要做。 There's plenty of housework to do. 我们没有一个可说话的人。 There was no one for us to talk to. 有几个人我希望你见见面。There' s some people I'd like you to meet. 当心，有辆车正在开过来。 Look out! There is a car coming. 这里有一台刚从日本进口的新水泵。There is a new pump just imported from Japan 现在有一个国际会议在这里召开。 Now there is an international meeting being held. 当时街上有一辆公共汽车和几个行人。There was a bus and some passengers at that time. 老板告诉我有几封信要答复。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m The boss told me that there were several letters to be answered.  【句型】SV (4) 主语 + 不及物动词 + (状语) 【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的动词是不及物动词。状语一般都是用来修饰谓语动词做表示的动作，说明动作发生的时间、原因、目的、条件、结果、方式、方法、状态等。作状语的可能是副词、介词短语、名词短语等。 Birds sing beautifully. He went on holiday. We stopped to have a rest. I'll go swimming.   【练习】 在地平线上升起了一轮红日。A red sun is rising from under the horizon. 这台机器运转得不正常。This machine is not running correctly. 我在海滨居住已有三月。 I have been living at the seaside for three months. 解放前，他经常挨冻受饿。Before liberation, he often suffered from cold and hunger． 中国属于第三世界国家。China belongs to the third world country． 昨天在我家房子的外面发生了一个事故。 The accident happened outside my house yesterday. 我们学校每天八时开始上课。Classes begin at eight in our school every day. 【句型】SV (5) 主语 + 动词短语 + (状语) 【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的动词是不及物动词短语或短语动词。状语可能是副词，介词短语、动词不定式、分词或一个从句。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。   【练习】 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 有一些规则正在逐渐消失。Some of the rules are dying out gradually. 他在敌人面前宁死不屈。He would rather die than give in before the enemy. 现在人们的思想发生了很大变化。 Now, a great change in the people’s thinking has come about. 哪里工作艰苦，他们就出现在哪里。They showed up where the work is difficult. 全家每星期天去教堂做礼拜。The whole family go to church every Sunday. 那些孩子们总是为小事而争吵。Those children are always quarrelling over little things. 【句型】SV (6) 主语 + 不及物动词 + 副词(状语) 【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的动词是不及物动词，但有被动意义。状语多是副词，说明事物的性质或特点。 Such houses rent easily.这样的房子很容易租出去。 The door locks easily.这扇们很容易锁。   【练习】 我们的产品在欧洲市场上非常畅销。Our products sell very well on the European market. 这种不料很耐洗。This sort of cloth washes well. 这种火柴很容易划着。The match lights easily. 这个计划进展顺利。The plan worked smoothly. 那天他们都衣着漂亮整洁。They all dressed well and neatly that day. 【句型】SV (7) 主语 + 不及物动词 + 不定式(状语) 【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的动词是不及物动词。动词不定式作状语，表示动作的，说明动作发生目的、原因或结果。表示目的的是：(not) to do, in order (not) to do, so + adv. + (not)to do。表示原因的是：to do (但句中的谓语动词都是表达内心感情的动词)。表示结果的是：to do, only to do. He has gone to fetch his cap. (目的) He stood up to see better. (目的) He drove at top speed in order not to miss the plane. He looked up to see the door slowly opening. (结果) He shivered to think of that horrible idea. (结果)   【练习】 他大喊大叫以便引起大家的注意。He shouted so as to attract everybody’s attention. 他跑过去帮助受伤的人。He ran over to help the injured. 她仔仔细细地抄写以免遗漏任何东西。 She copied so carefully so as not to leave anything out. 他们来到机场，却发现飞机已经飞走了。 They got to the airport only to find the plane had already left. 他大声地说，以便让人们听清楚他的话。He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 我们在山顶上停下来欣赏山区的美丽景色。 We stopped on the top of the mountain to enjoy the beautiful views of the mountain areas. 为了赶上会议他早晨六点以前就动身了。 He started before six in the morning in order to attend the meeting in time. 那贫穷的日子一去不复返了。The poor old days have gone never to return. 看见孩子们在操场上玩，她笑了。She smiled to see the children playing on the playground. 三、主谓宾结构 【句型】SVO (1) 主语 + 及物动词 + 名词/代词 【用法】在本句型中，及物动词作谓语, 名词或代词的宾格作宾语。一些及物动词用于此结构，就可表达完整的意义，无须添加其它成分。如果有状语，也可省略，一般不影响句意的完整。大多数这类动词可用于被动语态。 I know her very well. He wrote two books last year. She changed his clothes. I drank a glass of beer.   【练习】 刚才是谁接的电话？Who answered the telephone just now? 我简直不能相信我的眼睛。I just could not believe my eyes. 他立即听出是他的声音。He immediately recognized his voice. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 警察抓住了火车上的小偷。The police caught the thief in the train. 那位音乐家已收集了500多首民歌。The musician has collected over 500 folk songs． 他们进行的一项科学实验很成功。They performed a scientific experiment successfully. 【句型】SVO (2) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 状语 【用法】在本句型中，除主、谓、宾外，还有一个状语，状语多为介词短语。这里的状语不可省，否则话未说完，句意便不清楚。 I put all the books in that box。 I found a letter under his pillow.   【练习】 他把桌子推近窗户。He pushed the table nearer the window. 她把她的婴儿抱在怀里。 She carried her baby in her arms. 我们跟随着化学老师进入办公室。We followed our chemistry teacher into his office. 昨天校长领着外宾参观了我校。 Yesterday our headmaster showed some foreign guests around our school. 【句型】SVO (3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 不定式 【用法】在本句型中，动词不定式作状语表示目的或结果。表目的时，可在不定式前加for sb.，表示不定式的逻辑主语；可在不定式前加in order或so as。 He opened the door to let the cat in. They will need two hours to finish the work.   【练习】 昨天晚上他们开了个晚会来庆祝他们的成功。 They gave a party to celebrate their success yesterday evening. 他们学习英语是为了将来更好地工作。 They study English in order to work better in the future. 他买了一辆自行车给他儿子骑。He bought a bike for his son to ride. 他每天做晨练，为的是增强体质。 He does morning exercise every day so as to build up his body. 他写了许多小故事让孩子们读。He wrote quire a few short stories for children to read. 【句型】SVO (3) 主语+及物动词+与动词同源的名词 【用法】在本句型中，不及物动词用作及物动词，用作宾语的名词与动词同源，故被称为同源宾语。常见的同源结构是：vt. + a + adj. + n. (与动词同源的名词) She smiled a very sweet smile.她甜蜜地笑了一笑。 They all slept a sound sleep last night. 那晚他们都睡得很香。 They laughed a hearty laugh. 他们发出尽情的欢笑。 He died a heroic death on the battle field. 他在战场上壮烈牺牲了。   【练习】 他现在正过着幸福安逸的日子。He is now living a happy and easy life. 昨晚我做了一个奇怪的梦。I dreamt a very strange dream last night. 为保卫祖国，他们浴血奋战。They fought a bloody fight to defend their motherland. 今天上午老师在班上讲了一个神话故事。The teacher told a fairy tale in class this morning. 她在晚会上唱了一支优美的歌曲。She sang a very nice song at the evening party.. 上星期孩子们在运动会上跑了百米。 The boys ran a hundred-metre race at the sports meet last week.. 【句型】SVO (4) 主语+及物动词+可用作动词的名词 【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是常用的及物动词，如have, take, make, do, give等，用作宾语的名词一般都可作动词。掌握该句型的关键是要记住动词和名词的搭配。 have + n.: a rest, a walk, a look, a bath, a drive, a ride, a nap, a share, a smoke, a try, a haircut, a good time take + n.: care, a breath, a turn, a notice, measures, a drive, a nap, a bath, a walk, a run, action, a step, an exam make + n. : progress, a telephone call, preparations, an effort, a discovery, a promise, a change, a mistake, success. give + n.: a ring, push, a pull, a kick, a smile, a cry, a try, a shout, a laugh, a call, a shock, a lead, touch, a talk, a welcome, a wash, a long sign, a nod, a clean, a blow do + n. : damage, service, work, exercise, a play, repairs   【练习】 我将尽一切努力帮助他。I will make every effort to help him. 昨夜风暴造成巨大损害。The storm did a lot of damage last night. 现在深呼吸，你就会感觉好一些。Now take a deep breath, and you will feel better. 他听了这些话，长叹了一声。When he heard the words, he gave a sign. 他们深入研究了我们的新 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。They made a deep study of our new project. 【句型】SVO (5) 主语 + have + 名词 【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是have, 作“有”解，表示“所有”, “占有”关系, 译成汉语为 “某人(物)拥有某(人)物”。构成疑问句和否定句时有两种办法：一是借助do, 二是用haven’t /hasn’t表否定，将have或has 提到主语前构成疑问句。在英国英语中用have got代替have. He has got a new bike. I haven’t got any sisters. She has blue eyes. The room has two windows.   【练习】 我没有足够的钱买那本书。I haven’t got enough money to buy the book. 一个正方形有四条边。A square has four sides. 我妈妈有一段辛酸的童年。My mother had a very unhappy childhood. 我们的朋友遍天下。We have friends all over the world. 我对英语语法没有多大困难。I don’t have much difficulty with English grammar． w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 【句型】SVO (6) 主语 + have + 名词 + 不定式(短语) 【用法】在本句型中，谓语仍是have (got), 不定式作名词的定语，表示“(主语)有某事要做”。不定式须为及物动词，若表示不定式的动作是句中主语做的，不定式用to do(主动式), 若表示不定式的动作不是由句中主语做的，而是由其他人去做的，不定式用to be done(被动式)。 He has nothing to say. We have nobody to depend on. She has a nice room to live in.   【练习】 我今天下午有个会要参加。I have (got) a meeting to attend this afternoon.. 经理有不少信要在十二点只天打出来。 The manager has (got) quire a few letters to be typed out before 12 o’clock. 我有许多信要回。I have (got) a lot of letter to answer. 那个秘书要处理的文件太多了。The secretary has (got) too many papers to deal with. 我有一件行李要受检查。I have (got) a piece of luggage to be examined 【句型】SVO (7) 主语 + 短语动词 + 名词 【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的是短语动词(不及物动词加上一个介词)，名词作介词的宾语。短语动词可用被动语态，介词仍须紧跟动词之后。常见的短语动词有：wait for, look after, listen to, depend on, call on, belong to, happen to, hear from, stick to, succeed in, hear of, think of等等。 He’s waiting for me. What happened to him? You must stick to the principle   【练习】 运动会的日期完全得看天气如何而定。 The date of the sports meeting all depends on the weather. 有些学生总是渴望着放假。Some of the students are always longing for holidays. 他终于克服了所有的困难。He succeeded in getting over all the difficulty.. 他入学考试失败了。He failed in the entrance examination. 在我国，老年人受到了精心的照顾。In our country, the old are carefully looked after. 【句型】SVO (8) 主语+ 动词短语+ 名词 【用法】在本句型中，动词短语(一个及物动词，一个名词和一个特定的介词组成)作谓语，动词短语起及物动词的作用，后跟名词作宾语。 变为被动语态的方式有两种：一是用动词短语中的名词作主语，二是用动词短语后面的宾语作主语。常见的动词短语如：catch sight of, lose sight of, take an interest in, take part in, pay a visit to, make use of, give care to, pay attention to, take care of等等。 I didn’t pay attention to it at first.最初我没有注意到它。 You should give more care to your study. 你应当对学习更加认真。   【练习】 我们必须争分夺秒掌握更多的知识。 We must make good use of every minute to master some more knowledge. 警察最后抓住了那个小偷。The police caught hold of the thief at last. 应该更多地注意贫穷和饥饿。Some more attention should be paid to poverty and hunger. 他们跟我开了一个玩笑。They played a trick on me. 你必须改掉吸烟的不良习惯。You must get rid of the bad habit of smoking. 我们必须充分利用目前这良好的条件。 We must take the fullest advantage of the present good condition. 【句型】SVO (9) 主语+及物动词+ 副词+ 名词 【用法】在本句型中，短语动词(一个单音节及物动词和一个副词构成)作谓语。名词作宾语，放在副词后，代词作宾语，放在副词前。 常见的如：put on, take off, give up, put off, take over, leave out, pick up, get on, hand out等等 She put on her overcoat and went out. We’ve turned them over to the police. A new hospital was set up last year. He has put aside quire a sum of money   【练习】 他们将把会议推迟到五天以后。They will put off the meeting till five days later. 那个床占的面积太大。The bed takes up too much room. 他们在英语课上编演了个对话。 They made up a dialogue and acted it out in the English class. 你最好把这一句话删去。You’d better leave out the sentence. 他们最后实现了他们的计划。They carried out their plan at last. 【句型】SVO (10) 主语 + 及物动词 + 动词不定式 【用法】在本句型中，动词不定式作宾语。 按句意需要，可在不定式前加not或never表示否定。 不定式可用被动式(表示主语是不定式动作的承受者)，完成式(在mean/intend/plan等表示打算的动词后用不定式的完成式表示打算进行而未进行的动作)，进行式(表示动作正在进行)。 常用于本句型的动词有：learn, afford, decide, seek, long, agree, manage, aim, demand, mean, arrange, desire, offer, tend, ask, determine, plan, think, attempt, prepare, threaten, beg, expect, forget, pretend, care, choose, help, promise, want, hope, refuse, wish, intend, remember等。 I hope to see you at the next meeting. She wishes to be a doctor when she grows up.   【练习】 父亲已经答应给儿子买一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 The father has promised to buy a bike for his sun as a birthday present. 他假装知道这件事的来龙去脉。He pretended to know everything about it. 他本来打算和我们一道到西安去旅游。He intended to have joined us for the trip to Xi’ an. 我可不是有意伤害她的感情。I didn’t mean to hurt her feelings. 每位学生都希望被大学录取。Each of the students wishes to be admitted into the university. 他已下决心不再犯如此愚蠢的错误。He has decided never to make such a stupid mistake. 【句型】SVO (11) 主语+及物动词+ 疑问词+不定式 【用法】在本句型中，疑问词引导的动词不定式作宾语。这种动词不定式一般都是表示尚未进行的动作，而不能表示已经进行或过去进行的动作。这种结构一般都可用宾语从句替换。常用于本句型的动词有：ask, explain, observe, understand, consider, forget, wonder, guess, decide, remember, see, find out, determine, inquire, settle, discover, know, tell, think out, discuss, learn, think等。 We haven’t determined when to start. I’ll find out which number to dial.   【练习】 我不知道选哪个好。I wonder/don’t know which to choose. 我们将讨论一下如何解决这个问题。 We will discuss how to solve the problem. 我不知道该向谁求助。I don’t know whom to turn to for help. 我在考虑下步怎么办。I’m thinking what to do next. 他不知道讲话一开始该说什么好。He didn’t know what to say at the beginning of his talk.  【句型】SVO (12) 主语 + 及物动词 + 动名词(短语) 【用法】在本句型中，动名词作宾语。注意有些及物动词必须用动名词作宾语，常见的有：admit, can’t help, advise, imagine, report, enjoy, include, resist, appreciate, escape, keep, risk, consider, mention, excuse, mind, stop, defend, face, miss, suffer, pardon, suggest, delay, finish, practice, understand, describe, forbid, prevent, forgive等。有些及物动词用动名词或不定式均可，但用法有区别。常见的有：like, love, hate, prefer, regret, fear, begin, start, continue, try, bear, forget, remember, attempt, need, mean等。 He enjoys reading short stories. Please stop talking. He has finished writing it. She couldn’t help crying.   【练习】 你必须在课外练习说英语。You must practice speaking English out of class. 他最后承认杀害了他的妻子。He admitted killing his wife at last. 我的家庭作业真难免出错。I can hardly avoid making mistakes in my homework. 他建议出去走走。He suggested going out for a walk. 我们恭候佳音。We shall appreciate hearing from you again.. 我记不起以前在什么地方见过他。I don’t remember seeing him anywhere before. 【句型】SVO (13) 主语+ want等+ 动名词((短语) 【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是want(需要), need(需要), require(需要)，宾语是动名词，均有被动意义，一般等于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，表示主语是动名词动作的承受者。 All the flowers want watering. My recorder needs repairing.   【练习】 他的发音需要改进。His pronunciation wants improving. 玻璃杯需要清洗。The glasses need cleaning. 地板该洗了。The floor requires washing. 房子需要油漆了。The house wants painting. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 【句型】SVO (14) 主语 + do+ 动名词 【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词为do,　但无明显词义，句意主要是由用作宾语的动名词来表达的。动名词前可用冠词、所有格、不定代词、形容词等作定语。 do some reading 看书， do some washing 洗衣服， do the typing 打字, do some mending做修补 do some weeding 锄草, do the sightseeing 游览, do the translating翻译, do much thinking 勤思考, do some listening听录音， do most of the talking说得多, do some cooking做饭, do some writing书写。   【练习】 我们下周初将做依次大扫除。We will do a thorough cleaning early next week.. 她每个周末都洗许多衣物。She does a lot of washing every weekend. 谁为我们做饭？Who will do the cooking for us? 【句型】SVO (15) 主语+及物动词+ that宾语从句 【用法】在本句型中及物动词后跟连词that引导的宾语从句。that无任何词义，在一些常用动词之后可以省略。常用于本句型的动词有： accept, decide, hope, declare, ignore, realize, add, admit, recognize, agree, intend, regret,, allow, judge, remark, announce, know, remember, answer, learn, repeat, arrange, mean, ask, dream, mention, mind, expect, explain, note, say, notice, see, fear, object, sense, observe, show, find, state, claim, permit, comment, conclude, pretend, trust, hear, promise, understand, hope, consider, prove, read, write等。 用于“否定转移”的动词有： think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine，feel. 宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词有：suggest，propose，recommend，advise，order，command, demand， request，require , instruct， insist，prefer, desire, wish. doubt用于否定句或疑问句时须用that, 但在肯定句中须用whether. Suppose you were in the same position as he is. He has learned that he failed in the examination. He regretted that the work had been left unfinished   【练习】 我希望明天天气保持晴朗。I hope (that) the weather will stay fine tomorrow. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。I wish I were 30 years younger. 我想他们还没拿定主意。I don’t think (that) they have made up their minds. 他假装病了以便能待在家里。He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home. 他补充说他们对测试结果表示满意。He added that they were pleased with the test result. 医生建议他不要再抽烟。The doctor suggested that he(should) not smoke any more． 我们认为没有必要买一台新电脑。We don't think it's necessary to buy a new computer. 在电话里，他说到他病了。On the telephone, he mentioned that he had been ill. 他从不承认自己错了。 He never admits that he is wrong. 政府宣布他们将修建一条通向山区的新公路。 The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain. 【句型】SVO (16) 主语+及物动词+“疑问词”从句 【用法】在本句型中，宾语从句用疑问代词、疑问副词或连词whether/if引导，但宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。常用于本句型的动词有：tell, agree, discuss, know, see, ask, doubt, learn, settle, say，believe, explain, show, care, find, observe, consider, forget, guess, realize, decide, think, wonder, understand, remember, disagree, imagine, discover. I don’t know if he’ll have a try at it. I doubt if he will succeed. They’re discussing how they can solve the problem.   【练习】 他还没有决定什么时候回国。He hasn’t decided when he will leave for his homeland. 我想象不出他是什么长相。I can't imagine what he looks like. 我很想知道他是谁, 从哪里来, 来干什么。 I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. 我们讨论了什么时候召开全体人员会议。 We discussed when the meeting of the whole staff was to be held. 他问王先生的手术是否成功。He asked if Mr. Wang’s operation had been successful. 他解释了怎样使用那台机器。He explained how the machine was used. 你有没有发现这些日子以来是谁一直在给你送花? Did you ever discover who had been sending you the flowers these days? 四、主谓双宾结构 【句型】SVOO (1) 主语 + 及物动词 + 代词 + 名词 【用法】 在本句型中，及物动词有两个宾语，前一个是间接宾语，一般用人称代词宾格，用以指人，后一个是直接宾语，一般用名词，用以指物。 如果要强调间接宾语，或间接宾语太长，或直接宾语为人称代词，要将间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，并在间接宾语前用介词to 如果，或用介词to的动词有：sell, pass, do, allow, give, pay, send, hand, read, tell, bring, leave, throw, lend, refuse, wish, offer, write, owe. He wrote a letter to the manage last night. You’ve done a great wrong to your boy.   【练习】w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 她把她的旧自行车卖给了我。She sold her old bicycle to me. 下次来时请把那封信带给我。Bring me the letter next time you come. 吸烟对你没有任何好处。Smoking won’t do you any good. 他把他的座位让给一位老人。He offered his seat to an old man. 我已把这好消息告诉我所有的朋友了。I have told the good news to all my friends. 请把房租交给女房东。Please pay the rent to the landlady. 年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。 The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement. 你必须把票拿给门口那个人看。You must show the ticket to the man at the gate. 他迅速地把球仍给了前卫。He immediately threw the ball to the front [advanced] guard. 【句型】SVOO (2) 主语 + 及物动词 + 代词 + 名词 【用法】 在本句型中，及物动词有两个宾语，人称代词是间接宾语，一般用宾格，指物的名词是直接宾语， 如果将间接宾语换为名词，或直接宾语为人称代词，要将间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，并在间接宾语前用介词for。 用介词for的动词有：boil, cook, leave, bring, do, make, save, build, fetch, order, spare, buy, find, paint, write, call, gather, play, get, prepare, choose, grow, reach等。 My father bought me a pocket knife yesterday. Her order her an ice-cream. Please call a taxi for Mr. Smith.   【练习】 妈妈给我们全家做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。Mother cooked a good and rich supper for my family. 我要给没弟弟挑选一件有用的生日礼物。I’ll choose a useful birthday present for my brother. 请给我弄一张展览会的票，好吗？Would you please get me a ticket to the exhibition? 这项新技术可以为我们节省大量的时间和劳动力。 This new technology will save us much time and labour. 老师让学生们为考试做准备。 The teacher prepared the students for the exams. 【句型】SVOO (3) 主语+及物动词+名词 +介词+名词 【用法】在本句型中，及物动词除带一个直接宾语外，还通过一个介词带另一个宾语，一般称为介词宾语，这里介词不可省略，也不可任意选用。有些直接宾语带有附加成分，这时可将介词和介词宾语放在直接宾语之前。变为被动语态时，一般用直接宾语作主语，介词和介词宾语放在句尾，介词不可省略。 explain sth. to sb. hear sth. from sb. add sth. to sth w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m express sth. to sb. suggest sth. to sb. spend sth. on sth. name sb. after sth. waste sth on sth thank sb. for sth. stop sb. from -ing supply sb. with sth devote sb. to sth remind sb. of sth. tell sb.of sth. warn sb. of sth.   【练习】