高考英语非谓语动词考点例析

高考英语非谓语动词考点例析(上) 非谓语动词包括动词不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)三种形式,由于它们在句中不能单独作谓语而得名。本文将结合近年高考题,分上、下两期对非谓语动词主要考点作一简单回顾。 一、非谓语动词作主语和宾语【真题回放】 1)–They are quiet, aren’t they? --Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals. (08江苏卷) A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking 2)David threatened _____ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (09上海卷) A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 【要点点津】?能够作主语和宾语的非谓语动词是不定式和动名词。其中,不定式常 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示具体的、某一次动作,而动名词多表示经常性、习惯性动作。有时为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语或宾语。如:Isn’t it time you got down to marking the papers? (06重庆卷) In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (01上海卷) ?考例1答案为D。be accustomed to意思是“习惯于”,其中to是介词,后接动名词作宾语。依据语境, 他们习惯于吃饭时不说话,故选D。 ?考例2答案为C。threaten后要接不定式作宾语;threaten to do sth威胁说要做某事。 二、非谓语动词作表语【真题回放】 3)Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (09四川卷) A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 4)Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _____ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. (09江苏卷) A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended 【要点点津】 ?不定式、动名词和分词可跟在系动词后面,在句中作表语。如: The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. My favorite pastime has always been contributing to some English newspapers. We were all tired out when we finally climbed onto the top of the hill. We never thought climbing was so tiring. ?考例3答案为A。seat为及物动词,意思是“使就座”,常用于被动语态,或用其过去分词形式表示 被动。该句中,过去分词seated用作表语,与谓语动词remain构成系表结构,表示主语的状态。?考例4答案为C。该句使用了倒装结构,动名词短语作表语前置了。正常语序是:Our alumni (校友) from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning。 三、非谓语动词作宾补 【真题回放】 5)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _______ as much as we can. (08江苏卷) A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 6)They use computers to keep the traffic _____ smoothly. (09全国卷II) A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 【要点点津】 ?能够在句中用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。如: The doctor warned him time and time again not to smoke, but he smoked all the same. Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music. (NMET2004III) Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. (04天津卷) ?在被动语态中,作宾语补足语的非谓语动词就成了主语补足语。如: The poor slaves were made to work for more than 14 hours a day. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. (NMET2003) She headed for the hospital in such a hurry that the door was left unlocked. ?考例5答案为C。spoken是过去分词作宾语,宾语English和宾补动作speak之间为被动关系。 ?考例6答案为D。running smoothly是现在分词短语作宾补;keep sb doing sth让某人一直做某事。 四、非谓语动词作定语 【真题回放】 7)The play _____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (09安徽卷) A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced 8)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. (09北京卷) A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 【要点点津】 ?不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语。如: There are five pairs to choose from, but I’m at a loss which to buy. (99上海卷) The reading room of our school library is large enough to hold 800 people. Peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon. (07四川卷) The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent. (05湖北卷) The computer center, (which was) opened last year, is very popular among the students. ?考例7答案为C。to be produced next month是不定式短语作定语,修饰the play, 表示将来的动作。 ?考例8答案为A。grown on his own farm是过去分词短语作定语,修饰fruit, 表示被动和完成。 五、非谓语动词作状语 【真题回放】 9)_____ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.(09福建卷) A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 10)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _______all four people on board. (09上海 卷) A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill 【要点点津】 ?能作状语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。如: --Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? --To get enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (99上海卷) Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (05湖南卷) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing. (06江苏卷) ?考例9答案为B。Reminded not to miss…是过去分词短语作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句As the manager had been reminded not to miss…, 分词动作remind与逻辑主语the manager之间为被动关系。 ?考例10答案为B。killing all four people on board是现在分词短语作状语,表示结果,分词动作kill与 逻辑主语a small plane之间为主动关系。 【学以致用】 1)Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (06湖北卷) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 2)Tom sounds very much ____ in the jo b, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. (06安徽卷) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 3)--Did you enjoy yourself at the party? --Yes. I’ve never been to ________ one before. (06四川卷) A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 4)I smell something _____ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (07宁夏卷) A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 5)_____ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. (07浙江卷) A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 6)He is a student at Oxford University, _____ for a degree in computer science. (07北京卷) A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying 7)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____.(NMET2008) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 8)If there’s 高考英语非谓语动词考点例析(上) 非谓语动词包括动词不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)三种形式,由于它们在句中不能单独作谓语而得名。本文将结合近年高考题,分上、下两期对非谓语动词主要考点作一简单 回顾。 一、非谓语动词作主语和宾语 【真题回放】 1)–They are quiet, aren’t they? --Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals. (08江苏卷) A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking 2)David threatened _____ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (09上海卷) A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 【要点点津】 ?能够作主语和宾语的非谓语动词是不定式和动名词。其中,不定式常表示具体的、某一次动作,而动 名词多表示经常性、习惯性动作。有时为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语或宾语。 如: Isn’t it time you got down to marking the papers? (06重庆卷) In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (01上海卷) ?考例1答案为D。be accustomed to意思是“习惯于”,其中to是介词,后接动名词作宾语。依据语 境,他们习惯于吃饭时不说话,故选D。 ?考例2答案为C。threaten后要接不定式作宾语;threaten to do sth威胁说要做某事。 二、非谓语动词作表语 【真题回放】 3)Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (09四 川卷) A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 4)Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _____ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. (09江苏卷) A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended 【要点点津】 ?不定式、动名词和分词可跟在系动词后面,在句中作表语。如: The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. My favorite pastime has always been contributing to some English newspapers. We were all tired out when we finally climbed onto the top of the hill. We never thought climbing was so tiring. ?考例3答案为A。seat为及物动词,意思是“使就座”,常用于被动语态,或用其过去分词形式表示 被动。该句中,过去分词seated用作表语,与谓语动词remain构成系表结构,表示主语的状态。 ?考例4答案为C。该句使用了倒装结构,动名词短语作表语前置了。正常语序是:Our alumni (校友) from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning。 三、非谓语动词作宾补 【真题回放】 5)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _______ as much as we can. (08 江苏卷) A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 6)They use computers to keep the traffic _____ smoothly. (09全国卷II) A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 【要点点津】 ?能够在句中用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。如: The doctor warned him time and time again not to smoke, but he smoked all the same. Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music. (NMET2004III) Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. (04天津卷) ?在被动语态中,作宾语补足语的非谓语动词就成了主语补足语。如: The poor slaves were made to work for more than 14 hours a day. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. (NMET2003) She headed for the hospital in such a hurry that the door was left unlocked. ?考例5答案为C。spoken是过去分词作宾语,宾语English和宾补动作speak之间为被动关系。?考例6答案为D。running smoothly是现在分词短语作宾补;keep sb doing sth让某人一直做某事。 四、非谓语动词作定语 【真题回放】 7)The play _____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (09安徽卷) A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced 8)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. (09北京卷) A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 【要点点津】 ?不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语。如: There are five pairs to choose from, but I’m at a loss which to buy. (99上海卷) The reading room of our school library is large enough to hold 800 people. Peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon. (07四川卷) The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent. (05湖北卷) The computer center, (which was) opened last year, is very popular among the students. ?考例7答案为C。to be produced next month是不定式短语作定语,修饰the play, 表示将来的动作。 ?考例8答案为A。grown on his own farm是过去分词短语作定语,修饰fruit, 表示被动和完成。 五、非谓语动词作状语 【真题回放】 9)_____ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.(09福建卷) A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 10)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _______all four people on board. (09 上海卷) A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill 【要点点津】 ?能作状语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。如: --Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? --To get enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (99上海卷) Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (05湖南卷) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing. (06江苏卷) ?考例9答案为B。Reminded not to miss…是过去分词短语作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句As the manager had been reminded not to miss…, 分词动作remind与逻辑主语the manager之间为被动关 系。 ?考例10答案为B。killing all four people on board是现在分词短语作状语,表示结果,分词动作kill 与逻辑主语a small plane之间为主动关系。 【学以致用】 1)Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (06湖北卷) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 2)Tom sounds very much ____ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. (06安徽卷) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 3)--Did you enjoy yourself at the party? --Yes. I’ve never been to ________ one before. (06四川卷) A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 4)I smell something _____ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (07宁夏卷) A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 5)_____ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. (07浙江卷) A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 6)He is a student at Oxford University, _____ for a degree in computer science. (07北京卷) A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying 7)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____.(NMET2008) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 8)If there’s a lot of work ______, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. (08上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 9)We finished the run in less than half the time ____. (08江西卷) A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows 10)It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year. (08浙江卷) A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found Key: 1-5 CACAA 6-10 BBACD a lot of work ______, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. (08上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 9)We finished the run in less than half the time ____. (08江西卷) A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows 10)It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year. (08浙江卷) A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found Key: 1-5 CACAA 6-10 BBACD 高考英语非谓语动词考点例析(下) 六、非谓语动词的时态 【真题回放】 1)________ many times, he finally understood it.(09四川卷) A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 2)_____ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. (08福建 卷) A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited 【要点点津】 ?不定式、动名词和现在分词可用于不同时态。不定式进行式表示该动作与谓语动作同时发生;不定式、 现在分词和动名词的完成时态表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前;如果强调非谓语动词动作一直持续,不定式、动名词和现在分词用完成进行时。如: Jack pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. After the party, he apologized to her for having been so rude. The professor is said to have been teaching in the university since 2001. ?考例1答案为D。tell与主语之间是被动和完成的关系,所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。 ?考例2答案为C。由于分词动作wait发生在谓语动词动作realize之前,所以用现在分词短语完成时作 状语,表示时间。 七、非谓语动词的语态 【真题回放】 3)We are invited to a party ______ in our club next Friday. (09山东卷) A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 4)I still remember _____ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (09陕西卷) A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 【要点点津】 ?不定式、动名词和现在分词都有自己的被动语态。当不定式、动名词或现在分词的动作与其逻辑主语 之间构成被动关系时,要用被动式。如: The book is said to have been translated into several foreign languages. Do you still remember being taken to Shanghai at the age of five? ?考例3答案为A。由next month可知时间是在将来,party是被举行,故用不定式被动式作定语,表示 一个被动和将来的动作。 ?考例4答案为D。remember doing sth记得做过某事了;remember to do sth记得该做某事。该句中,根 据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成,且与逻辑主语是被动关系,用动名词的被动式作 remember的宾语。 八、非谓语动词的复合结构 【真题回放】 5)It is difficult to imagine his _______ the decision without any consideration. (06陕西卷) A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 6)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _____. (09湖南卷) A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused 【要点点津】 ?不定式的前面可以加上for sb或of sb来充当逻辑主语,构成不定式的复合结构;动名词的前面可以加 上名词或代词来充当逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构。如: It is usually a bit too difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. We all think it cruel of them to eat rare wild animals. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. ?考例5答案为B。imagine后接动名词作宾语。该句中,动名词短语accepting the decision前面加上了 代词his来充当逻辑主语,构成了动名词的复合结构,在句中充当imagine的宾语。 ?考例6答案为D。该句中,第一个it是形式宾语,真正宾语是后面的不定式复合结构for it to be reused; 由于不定式动作use和其逻辑主语waste之间为被动关系,所以用被动式。 九、非谓语动词与独立主格结构 【真题回放】 7)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March. (07山东卷) A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 8)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. (07重庆卷) A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 【要点点津】 ?非谓语动词前可以加上名词或代词作它的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。独立主格在句子中作状语, 主要用于书面语中。如: I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. (05湖南卷) All the difficult problems settled, he decided to take a month’s leave. The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. ?考例7答案为B。the most recent与后面的分词短语一起构成独立主格结构,在句中作状语。由于飞船 与发射之间为被动关系,又因为发射动作已经完成,所以用现在分词完成时态的被动式。 ?考例8答案为B。their lessons finished for the day是独立主格结构,在句中作状语。这里用过去分词 finished表示被动和完成。 十、非谓语动词的其它重要用法 【真题回放】 9)Every evening after dinner, if not ________ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. (09湖南 卷) A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 10)–What’s the matter with Della? --Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _____. (09江苏卷) A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for 11)He told us whether ______ a picnic was still under discussion.(09四川卷) A. to have B. having C. have D. had 【要点点津】 ?考例9答案为C。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,从句常被省略成“连词+分词”形式。该句 中,if not tired from work = if I am not tired from work。 ?考例10答案为A。为避免重复,不定式常承前省略相同的部分,而只保留不定式符号to。该题中,she still hopes to是she still hopes to go to the party的省略形式。 ?考例11答案为A。不定式有时可以与what, which, who, how, when, where, whether等疑问词连用,构成 不定式短语,在句中作宾语、主语、表语等。该句中,whether to have a picnic正是“疑问词+不定式” 结构,在宾语从句中作主语。 【学以致用】 1.At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. (07全国卷II) A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 2.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____ for a space flight. (07江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 3.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _____ every day. (07四川卷) A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water 4.I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone. (08江西卷) A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted 5.The message is very important, so it is supposed as soon as possible. (08陕西卷) A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending 6._____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. (08重庆卷) A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 7.–Who should be responsible for the accident? --The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _____. (08福建卷) A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 8._____ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (08陕 西卷) A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show 9.–My mother is preparing my favorite dishes. Go with me and have a taste, okay? --_____. And I’ll be glad to meet your parents. (09陕西卷) A. I think so B. I’d love to C. I’m sure D. I hope so 10.The play _____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (09安徽卷) A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced Key: 1-5 CDABA 6-10 DACBC