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城市昆虫学论文2城市昆虫学论文2 城市昆虫学对我的启示 -----我对昆虫的新认识 学院, 艺术与传媒学院 专业班级, 2010级环境艺术二班 姓名, 于旭虹 学号, 20100874 指导教师, 周洪旭 pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should redu...

城市昆虫学论文2
城市昆虫学论文2 城市昆虫学对我的启示 -----我对昆虫的新认识 学院, 艺术与传媒学院 专业班级, 2010级环境艺术二班 姓名, 于旭虹 学号, 20100874 指导教师, 周洪旭 pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate 城市昆虫学对我的启示 -------我对昆虫的新认识 艺术与传媒学院2010级环境艺术2班 于旭虹 20100874 简述:通过这学期选修学习城市昆虫学这门课程,我对“昆虫”这个概念有了新的认识,昆虫种类繁多,历史悠久,分布范围广,是地球上最大的生物群体,约占地球上已知生物种类的2/3,迄今为止,人类发现和命名的就有上百万种。以前对于昆虫的了解还是太少,认为昆虫都是害虫,但其实不然,比如说,在我印象里蝇蛆只是很恶心的东西,是害虫,但是学习了这门课程,我知道了,蝇蛆还可以大量养殖,喂养家畜,可提高产量,增加收入。还有蝉也是可以大量人工养殖,满足人们的大量需求。 一、城市昆虫学的发展及概念 城市昆虫学起源于20世纪60年代,于1975年由Walter Belding正式提出。 城市昆虫学是研究城市环境中有害昆虫的种类、习性、发生规律及治理 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 的一门学科。 城市昆虫学是一门新兴的边缘学科,是研究城市生态系统中昆虫区系的组成和演变,城市环境于城市昆虫相互之间的关系和影响,以及城市昆虫对人类的利害关系及其治理和利用等有关问题的一门新兴的边缘学科。 城市昆虫是指在人居环境内发生危害,发育繁殖的一类昆虫,可以在城镇,也可以在农村,但它是随城市化而逐渐被认识和重视的,夜班随城市化过程而不断发展和完善。 我们学习城市昆虫学,通过对城市昆虫学的研究,为其综合治理提供理论依据和技术基础,以期最终达到人类免受害虫的骚扰侵害,维护良好的人类居住环境,保障人类社会生活安宁和身心健康的目的。 二、昆虫的概念 pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate 以前,在我眼中昆虫即使虫,将蜘蛛,蜈蚣啊,蝉啊,苍蝇啊都视为昆虫,现在我认识到这是个错误的观念。 昆虫,是动物世界无脊椎动物中最大的一个群类。在分类学上属于节肢动物门,六足总纲,昆虫纲。昆虫种类繁多,生存历史悠久,分布范围广,是地球上最大的生物群体,约占地球上一直上午种类的2/3,人类发现和命名的就有上百万种。昆虫不仅种类多,而且种群数量大,生长繁殖迅速,生态适应性广,几乎在地球的每一个角落都能生存繁殖,是遍布全球的大家族。 其特征是体外有一层骨骼(即外骨骼),身体分为头、胸、腹、三部分。其中头部有触角,口器,单眼和复眼,是感觉、联络、取食中心;胸部有三对足两对翅,是运动中心;腹部包括大部分内脏和生殖系统,是代谢和生殖中心。昆虫由幼虫到成虫一般要经历变态发育等。 城市昆虫学是研究是城市生态系统中昆虫区系的组成和演变,城市环境于城市昆虫相互之间的关系和影响,以及城市昆虫对人类的利害关系及其治理和利用等有关问题的一门新兴的边缘学科。它的来源主要有3种途径:聚散、扩散、引入。 三、昆虫的形态结构 1、昆虫的头部 头部是体躯最前面的一个体段,一般呈圆形或椭圆形。包含感觉器官-----复眼、单眼及触角和取食器官----口器。因此,头部是昆虫感觉和取食的中心。 (1)、眼 眼分为单眼和复眼,单眼只能感受光亮和判断光源位置,又可分为背单眼、侧单眼。复眼具有成像功能,对运动物体较敏感,由许多小眼构成。 (2)、触角 不同种类的昆虫具有不同形态的触角:如蝶类是棒状,金龟子是鳃状等。 (3)、口器 不同种类的昆虫因生活习性的不同具有不同的口器,如家蝇是舔吸式口器,蝉是刺吸式口器等。 (4)、头式 根据昆虫口器的不同朝向而划分的头型。以头部纵轴与身体纵轴的角度来区分。 pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate 下口式:口器着生于头部的下方,与身体的纵轴垂直。多数咀嚼式口器的植食性昆虫(如蝗虫) 前口式:口器着生于头部的前方,与身体的纵轴成一钝角或几乎平行。多数咀嚼式口器的捕食性、钻蛀性、掘穴性昆虫(如天牛) 后口式:口器向后倾斜,与身体的纵轴成一锐角,不用时贴在身体的腹面,多数刺吸式口器的昆虫(如蝉,叶蝉)另外一些直翅目(蚂蚱、负蝗)也为此类口气。 2、昆虫的胸部 胸部是昆虫身体的第二段,有三个体节组成:前胸、中胸和后胸,其各有一对足,分别称为前足、中足和后足。大多数在中胸和后胸各具一对翅,分别称为前翅和后翅。昆虫是无脊椎动物中唯一有翅的动物,翅对昆虫的分布、传播、觅食、求配、避敌等生命活动级进化有重要意义。有些昆虫的后翅已退化,例如蝇、蚊的后翅退化成棒状(平衡棒)构造,用以在飞行时保持身体平衡。翅与足都是运动器官,因而胸部是昆虫的运动中心。 3、昆虫的腹部 腹部是昆虫的第三体段,一般呈长筒形或椭圆形。有气门,包括尾须,末端为外生殖器,不能运动,是代谢与生殖中心。 四、昆虫的生殖方式 昆虫的生殖方式可分为两性生殖、孤雄生殖、幼体生殖等。 1、两性生殖:绝大多数昆虫经过雌雄交配后,产下的受精卵直接发育成新个体的生殖方式,又称卵生。 2、孤雄生殖:雌虫所产生的卵不经过受精而发育成新个体的现象。 3、幼体生殖:少数昆虫在母体尚未达到成虫阶段,还处于幼虫期就进行生殖,称为幼体生殖(产下的是幼虫) 五、昆虫的变态及类型 变态:昆虫在胚后发育过程中,从幼期转变为成虫过程中形态发生变化的现象称为变态。 变态分为完全变态和不完全变态。 pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate 完全变态:昆虫一生经过卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫四个虫态。 不完全变态:昆虫一生经过卵、幼虫、成虫三个虫态。 1、不完全变态又分为渐变态和半变态。 (1)、渐变态:幼虫与成虫形态相似,生活环境和生活习性也一样,只是幼虫期翅和生殖器官没有发育完全。每经脱皮后,翅和生殖器官逐步发育生长。这种不完全变态称渐变态。其幼虫称“若虫”。 (2)、半变态: 幼虫在形态和生活习性上与成虫明显不同,这类变态称半变态。其幼虫称“稚虫”。 2、完全变态 昆虫一生经过卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫四个虫态,如甲虫、蛾、蝶、蜂、蚁、蝇等。 完全变态类的幼虫不仅外部形态和内部器官与成虫不相同,而且生活习性也完全不同。从幼虫变为成虫过程中,口器、触角、足等附肢都需经过重新分化。因此,在幼虫与成虫之间要历经“蛹”来完成剧烈的变化。 六、昆虫的习性 1、趋性是指昆虫对各种刺激物所产生的趋向或背向反应,趋向刺激物的活动叫正趋性;避开刺激物的活动叫负趋性。各种刺激物主要有光、温度、化学物质等等。因而趋性也就有趋光性、趋温性、趋化性等。 趋光性 昆虫视觉器官对光线刺激所引起的趋向活动。 趋化性 昆虫嗅觉器官对化学物质刺激所引起的趋向活动。 趋温性 昆虫感觉器官对温度刺激所引起的趋性活动。 2、群集性同种昆虫的大量个体高密度聚集在一起的习性。如马尾松毛虫1-2龄幼虫、刺蛾的幼龄幼虫、金龟子等一些种类的成虫都有群集性。 3、社会性昆虫群居生活,一个群体中个体有多型现象,有不同分工。如蜜蜂(有蜂王、雄蜂、工蜂);白蚁(有蚁王、蚁后、兵蚁、工蚁等)。 4、食性昆虫对食物的选择性称为食性。按食物的性质可将昆虫的食性分为: pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate (1)、植食性:以植物活体为食,如粘虫、菜蛾等; (2)、肉食性:以其它昆虫或动物活体为食,又可分为捕食性和寄生性两类,如七星瓢虫、澳洲瓢虫和寄生蜂等; (3)、腐食性:以动物的尸体、粪便或腐败植物为食,如蜣螂等; 4)、杂食性:兼食动物和植物,如蜚蠊和蠼螋等。 ( 其中,植食性昆虫根据昆虫所吃食物种类的多少,又可分为单食性昆虫、寡食性昆虫、多食性昆虫。 单食性昆虫:只以一种或近缘种植物为食物的昆虫,如三化螟、豌豆象等。 寡食性昆虫:以一科或几种近缘科的植物为食物的昆虫,如菜粉蝶。 多食性昆虫:以多种非近缘科的植物为食物的昆虫,如刺蛾、棉蚜、美国白蛾等。 5、保护色 保护色是指某些昆虫具有同它的生活环境中的背景相似的颜色,这有利于躲避捕食性动物的视线而得到保护自己的效果。如蚱蜢、枯叶蝶等。 6、迁移性迁移:是指某种昆虫成群地从一个发生地转移到另一个发生地的现象 目前已发现不少具有迁飞特性的农业害虫,如东亚飞蝗等。 七、昆虫与人类社会发展 追溯昆虫起源,目前为止发现的最古老的昆虫化石,是发现于中泥盆纪的岩石内。这也就是说:昆虫在地球上的历史至少已经有三亿五千万年了。而人类的出现,距今也不过百万年。可以说,在人类出现以前,昆虫和它们所栖息的环境已经建立了悠久的历史关系。 人类出现在地球这个生态系统中之后,昆虫与人类社会的发展便紧密的联系在了一起。共同生活在地球这个巨大的生态系统之中,昆虫在人类社会中扮演着pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate 无可替代的作用,并由此催生一系列经济文化现象以及更深层次的其他的方面。可以说,昆虫与人类社会的发展存在着千丝万缕的联系。 八、昆虫的价值分析 昆虫是经过长期进化而演化而来的一类特殊的生物,昆虫具有许多社会性的特征,通过对昆虫生殖方式的研究,可以揭示生物生殖繁殖的规律;昆虫的保护色等可为生物进化和演替等研究提供有益的材料;仿生学、医药科学、食用昆虫等一系列的应用有力的证明了昆虫具有很高的科学研究价值和经济价值,在产业化方面更是具有广阔的应用前景。 昆虫仿生学是研究如何模仿昆虫的结构和功能,来制造设备或物件以造福人类的一门科学。在长期的进化过程中,昆虫发展出与其生存环境相适应的具有特殊构造和功能的器官系统,它们有各自的生存技巧,有些技巧连人类都自叹不如。如:蝴蝶,有人把它称作“昆虫界的西施”,它利用翅膀花纹的色彩斑斓作为一种伪装。科学家通过了对蝴蝶的研究,为军事、航天、生活等带来了极大的裨益。 医药昆虫学。随着对昆虫类中药研究的不断深入,发现了药用昆虫的不少新作用、新用途。药用昆虫是指昆虫虫体或其产物可直接用来治疗疾病的昆虫,是中医中药中不可缺少的组成部分。现代科学的进步,特别是昆虫学、生物化学、营养学、药剂学、生物技术等学科的发展,为人类向广度及深度开发昆虫资源提供了条件由于昆虫种类繁多,不少昆虫的药用价值尚未被发现,因此昆虫在开发新药源方面极具潜力,应努力发掘。此外,还有食用昆虫;工业原料昆虫„ 等等。 昆虫的科学、经济和社会价值等待着人类去发现、认识,五彩缤纷的昆虫世界是一座神秘的知识和资源宝库~ 综上所述呢,我非常喜欢这门课程,它让我学到了很多所不知道的知识。通过一学期的学习,特别是老师在课堂上播放的各种昆虫的图片和视频,让pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate 我不得不佩服昆虫这一物种的智慧和神奇,这让我头一次认识到“昆虫的世界” 原来也是这般的丰富多彩~总之,《城市昆虫学》这门课程让我受益匪浅。 pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate
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