江油市2008年语文中考试题分析及2009年中考预测

江油市2008年语文中考试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 分析及2009年中考预测 一、语文教学的得 第一、强化中考意识，注重激发学生的积极性。第二、教学中优化教学内容，突出经典课文的重要性。第三、考前诊断题进行了比较准确的预测。第四、狠抓基础，专项归类训练，对字词、病句修改、默写等易得分的知识进行反复训练，做到过手、过关。第五、进行了解题 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 的指导和 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 答题的训练。第六、现代文阅读训练结合教材进行。第七、作文注重入格训练、积累训练、分板块训练。特别是小溪坝初中采取按题目、语言、形式等分类讲评的方式对学生作文的提升有更大的帮助。 二、语文教学的失 老师们也认识到，虽然通过探索，大家在语文教学上取得了一些收获，但是，教学是一门遗憾的艺术，许多问题在当时的情景下是不容易发现的，加之语文学科知识繁杂，复习耗时多、难度大，现在静心回顾，更多的是感到有许多不足之处。 第一、过于看重进度，没有有效收集反馈信息。由于一味看重进度，结果“欲速则不达”，导致许多内容煮成了“夹生饭”，让学生“消化不良”，反而加重了复习的负担。对学生存在的许多问题，了解不全面，即使对相关情况有所收集，但因为时间紧，对这些问题没有认真反思，也很少采用有效的方法加以解决。 第二、要求没有落到实处。 新课教学和复习阶段，各校语文组按市教研室的要求制定了相关的计划，每 个阶段学生做什么、怎么做，作出了明确的安排，但在实际操中对学生的要求没有真正落到实处。 第三、解题方法的指导和训练还不到位，教师理论讲得多，实际操作训练不够。第四、没有很好地利用教材这个例子。多数学校后期复习，除了对基础知识、古诗文的复习依据教材外，更多时候则是脱离教材进行所谓“纯粹”的复习，结果让学生所学的课本知识和考试脱节， 复习效果就打了折扣。第五、课堂教学的效益没有体现出来。 老师在课堂内并没有做到精讲精练，或是以讲代练，或是以练代讲，课堂教学缺少针对性。 第六、作文指导、训练缺少系统性。作文分值是60 分，接近80 分的化学这一科。学生中考语文成绩的差距往往就体现在作文上。老师们注意到了作文的重要性，也要求学生进行了相关的积累，对他们进行开头结尾的技巧训练、形式的创新训练，但还有一些方面存在问题， 表现在:第一、审题指导不到位;第二、不能有效拓展学生行文的思路;第三、没有对学生的作文进行有效的讲评，不能对学生作文的提升提供帮助;第四、不能综合运用写作方法，使作文文采飞扬，如描写、抒情等表达方式的娴熟运用，对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑等表现手法的恰当使用，排比、反复、引用、设问等修辞手法的灵活采用。 三、09 级可借鉴之处 1、师生及早进入中考角色，树立中考意识，使教学有的放矢。2、立足课堂，精讲经典篇目，对教材内容要有机组合，大胆取舍，提高课堂效率。3、狠抓基础，反复训练。4、教学中及时收集信息，关注热点问题。5、作文训练按给分点训练。针对大家的意见，姚宏老师对09 级的语文教学提出了如下的建议: school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 1、教学进度按上次联合教研组的要求进行。2、教学中要关注学生，要有全局意识。3、现在着手复习卷?的基础知识，老师人人动手出题，让学生反复练习。4、作文方面，以小训练为主，改革作文的教与学，成立学生“作文批改”小组，讲评可采用以点给分的方法，切实提高学生作文的水平。5、现代文阅读方面，以教材为例，着重对学生进行答题技巧和规范答题的指导。6、文言文方面，反复练习，做到过手、过关。7、诗歌方面，注意分类赏析的指导。8、继续关注地方文化。9、收集研究08 年全国各地语文中考的新题型。 四、后期研究任务 08年语文中考总结 江油市双河初级中学 近三年试题总体特点 一、理念上——紧扣课标，以人为本。这三年的中考试题，全面体现了《语文新课程标准》“三维度五方面”的根本要求，全面落实了中考改革和考试评价建议，全面地的展示了语文新课程改革的积极成果。现从横纵两方面予以说明。 (1)横向考查语文素养的形成宽度具体表现是:?识字与写字(识字如考卷的第1、2 题;写字专项如2006 年10 题之(1)问:表达主题的句子，用正楷字书写在田字格里，另有作文也有书写考查)?阅读(五大题)?写作(六大题)?口语交际(2006 之第18 题，劝说一位悲伤的父亲)?综合性学习(2006 年之12 题邓稼先，2007 年11 题的绵阳本地三国文化研究，2008 年的11 题的 考题以课标为纲。 新闻特写)这充分表明: (2)纵向考查学生语文素养的形成状态 ?知识与能力:整个语文考卷无一不是知识与能力的集中体现。?过程方法:思维过程、思考方法、综合性学习均属此维度。?情感、态度、价值观:语文课标对此维度明确提出了两点要求:一要有高尚的道德情操和健康的审美情趣;二要有正确的价值观和积极的人生态度。通俗地说，这就是语文教学肩负的育人目标(在语文学习中教学生“做人”)。考题主要考查学生情感健康否,态度积极否,价值观是否符合主流意识等。如2008 年对新闻特写中某画面的评价就是对学生价值观的正面考查，也是对学生审美情趣的检验。对这类题，考生即使言之成理，但方向错误，也是徒劳。三套题，在最大化的展示语文课改成果的同时，始终以人为本，充满关怀。譬如:删减试题量、杜绝繁难偏怪、增设开放性题、选材生活化„„这些措施，保证了考卷能最大限度地展示学生的语文学习成果。 二、教材上——注重基础，回归教材。 三套试题都有一个明确的取向:那就是想方设法地挖掘教材中的考题资源。这可从统计数据中得到证明:在前12 个小题中，只有“病句”和“探究”语料选自课外(虽选自课外，并时刻关照课内)，文言、赏析、名著无一不出自课内。从课内所占的分值来看(除作文外 的90 分): 2006 年课内49 分，2007 年课内55 分，2008 年49 分。课内分值远超一半，这本身就是一个明确的信号。为什么这样,因为教材是最基础的，是语文能力的根本起点，也是提升语文素养的凭借和载体，教材“例子”用不好，能力迁移就成无本之木，无源之水。 试题的这一取向，最肯定、最明确地回答了大家普遍关心的“教科书用不用,用到什么程度”的问题。 三、考点上——能力宗旨，继承创新。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 2006—2008 的语文考试范围都有这样的要求:“着重考查学生的阅读能力、表达能力和继续学习语文的能力。”体现在考题中，就是围绕“识记、理解、分析综合、鉴赏评价、表达应用和探究”六方面进行由易到难的合理布点，考查学生正确理解和运用语言文字的能力。三年的考题，莫不如此。“语文考试应着重考查学生的阅读能力和表达能力。”这三年的考题已给我们一个明确的信息:对学生继续学习语文能力的考查已明确提出，对进一步学习语文所需的潜质(这些潜质至少包含:浓厚的兴趣、丰厚的积累、开阔的视野、勤奋的习惯、扎实的基础、规范的回答、敏捷的思维等)进行考查已成定例，完全符合新课程标准“关于学生终身发展和面向未来”要求。为优秀人才提供脱颖而出的机会，为高一级学校输送人才，这既是学生发展的需要，也是社会进步的需要。在能力宗旨的同时，试题也注重继承和创新。这三年的考点及形式，有很多统一的地方，这是命题者摸清了语文教学的家底、进行去 芜存真后的继承，也是对语文教学优秀传统的保护与发扬。虽然试题统一的地方不少，但试题每年都有创新之举。现以考题为例:语料创新——2008 年将地震、奥运、限塑令等引入考试(4 题)，在语言材料上新颖，无时无刻不在向学生传递热点事件的相关信息。 操作创新——2006 年的创新至少有两点:一是将书写与赏析巧妙综合，成为操作创新上的一大亮点，解决了长期以来只在作文中考书写的难题。二是综合性学习(12 题)，将仿写、限字概括能力有机结合并在考题中渗入了绵阳元素，成为操作创新上的范本。形式创新——2007 年的创新题略说三点:一是诗歌默写在“形式美”上做足了文章，在深入考查上迈出一大步。二是在综合性学习中连线课堂、渗透名著、读写结合、兼顾议论的考法，一举四得。三是考查对比阅读，注重求同求异思维的训练与考查，是很见档次的设置。2008 年在综合性学习中与2007 年考法一样。 2006年—2008 年中考语文试题特点及09年中考预测 一、基础知识及运用 (一)试题特点 1.体现教材核心——语言材料大多取自教材，考点完全在教材之中。这部分题主要考查“识字用字、用词用句能力和基本积累”，这是语文最基础的知识与技能，是学生必须掌握的。这样考查，充分体现了水平考试的基础性，也就是检查学生语文合不合格的问题，对教师重视教材的程度也是个检验。 2.体现达标与甄别功能——考点周期轮换、保持适当难度。三年的考题，均在九个考点之间选择，这七个考点分别是:“字音、字形、词义辩析、成语运用、病句(语序不当、搭配不当、成分残缺或赘余、结构混乱;表意不明、不合逻辑)、标点符号、文学文化常识。”在这些考点中，有必考的，如字音、字形、词义、病句;有轮考的，如06年停考“标点符号”，换考“词义辨析”，07 年、08 年停考“词义辨析”，换考“文学文化常识”。用必考轮考的方式，分出了轻重缓急。这是命题者结合期末考试对考点的覆盖情况和一线教学中存在的问题，综合考虑决定下来的。 《普通高中招生制度改革的指导意见》指出:“初中毕业生学业考试目的是全面、准确地反映初中毕业学生在学科学习方面所达到的水平。考试结果既是衡量学生是否达到毕业标准的主要依据，也是高中阶段学校招生的重要依据之一。”这里的毕业标准(合格标准)，即 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 前述的必考加轮考的原因。意见又明确了毕业考试为高中招生提供重要依据的任务，所以试题基础部分也保持了适当难度:如病句、成语运用、词义辩析等。 3.防范投机心理——注意各方面的均衡。试题在语料选取和考点确定上(用字、用词、用句)，从七年级上册到九年级下册，没有任何倾向性，保持着理性的持中状态。这样考的意图就是要纠正猜题、押题的不良风气，提倡系统全面的备考风气，让投机者无从得手。另外，考题在形式上也注意使各选项的字数接近，从而有效地防止考生从外观上去猜答案。这个意图始 终贯彻在语音、汉字、词语等大量考题中。 4.注意衔接准备——为继续学习指明方向。试题在形式和内容上，都与高中学习有一定关联。高考变化积极地影响中考，中考变化积极地影响初中教学。二者顺利过渡、有机衔接已是大势所趋，也是从大局上整合初高中教学资源的有效方式。 (二)预测: 1.教材核心不会变。抓纲扣本是颠扑不破的真理，这也是根本方向。 2. “必考”加“轮考”模式还将继续。如有变化，可能在:(1)整合考点，扩大覆盖面;(2)添加干扰项(加点词个数增加，加长句子)，增加区分度; 3.“合格加选拔”的考试性质不会变。重基础的宗旨不会变，保持适当区分度还将继续。 4.基础部分考查文言文是趋势。(2007 年、2008 年的作家作品) (三)策略建议 1.梳理教材考点，进行板块训练。注意将识记类和运用类区别对待。2.提前安排，分散进行。考点多而且量大，不宜集中进行。3.精选资料，精选考题。这是一个容易被狂轰滥炸的板块。4.训练学生全面审读题干，防过失性失分。5.适当留心高考考纲，适时关心高考语文题。 二、文言文 (一)试题特点 1.选文典范，思想性强。选文思想性和典范性兼备，具有较强的教育功能和正确的价值导向。比如: 2006 年是“勤奋”主题的八大家散文《伤仲永》; 2007 年是“忠诚”主题的史传散文《岳飞》; 2008 年是“和谐”主题的记叙类散文《桃花源记》。 2.考查内容上实词与虚词相结合。实词重点考查:通假字、古今异义词、活用词、多义词。虚词主要放在翻译中考查。既尊重文言学习重积累的规律，又突出了重点。 3.考法不断创新。如2006 年考查对文言词义的主观笔试，就是创新考法，对教学又提出了新要求，那就是“不仅要记得住，还要写得起。” 4.译句考查深入全面。表现为三点: (1)选作翻译的句子都包含了极其复杂的文言现象:固定用法、特殊句式、意动用法、古今异义及句中大量的虚词。这在选句上保证了考查的深入。虚词不单独考，既是词类本身性质所定，又为新课标对文言文只需理解大意的所决定。但是，不单独考并不等于不考，放 到译句中，得体恰当。(2)数量上都是两小题。从量上保证了考查的全面。(3)参考答案中计点赋分的措施，保证了深入全面的考查不打折扣。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 5.全方位挖掘选文思想内容和艺术特色。现将出现过的考点例举如下:记叙要素、人物形象、描写方法、文章详略、抑扬手法、对比手法、结构线索、主题思想、语言特色、内容情节。从中可见命题人对选文考点的开掘深度。 (二)预测: 1.模式总体将趋于稳定，不会有大的变化。2.史传散文、诸子散文、八大家作品、名臣贤相的经典文章将被持续关注。这些文章以其思想性和典范性成为语言考查的好资源。3.实词的考查将继续成为重点，虚词的考查方式会保持稳定。4.全面深入的考法将进一步加强。尽可能多地了解学生的掌握情况，是命题人的指导思想。5.文言词语解释的主观笔试可能会再次出现。6.文言文的正确诵读考查可能会出现。正确断句，是理解文章、深入分析的基础。 (三)策略建议 1.全面教学(或复习)。“全面”指不放过一篇文章，不遗漏。2.归类整理。按照文言现象进行板块训练，如:通假、古今异义、词类活用、意动用法、使动用法、固定用法、倒装句式、省略句式、一词多义。归类可以单元或册次为单位进行，以避免繁琐的工作。3.深挖教材。对课文要进行思想艺术、内容表达、人物及写法、情节主题方面的深入复习。要能理解、概括文意，要能简要分析和评价文章的思想内容和作者的观点态度。4.掌握常见文言实词、虚词(如:而、乎、乃、其、所、为、焉、以、因、于、与、之)和句式的基本用法。 三、综合性学习 综合性学习是为语文教学注入新活力的重要方式，它以活动和专题为载体，培养学生的观察感受能力、综合表达能力、人际交往能力、搜集信息能力、组织策划能力、互助合作和团队精神，是具体落实“过程与方法维度”目标的重要方面，也是对学生科学素养的启蒙。 (一)试题特点 1. 选题忠于教材，导向清晰。三年的试题均出自教材，现进行具体说明: (1)2006 年的之12 题，出自七年级下册第二单元《综合性学习为本地人物立传》，考查“传记”体裁对人物的评价要求，综合考查了“写字”“ 仿写”能力(仿写《陋室铭》)。 (2)2007 年之11 题，出自八年级上册第一单元《综合性学习旅游资源调查》，深度开掘本地旅游资源中的“人文资源”。(3)2008 年的11 题，结合我们亲身感受的热点事件“汶川大地震”，引导学生关注社会，关注生活，综合考查了“仿写”、对偶、名著以及学生的语言表达能力。 2.打破教学封闭性，开发新的课程资源。综合性学习就是要解决语文教学长期处于相对封闭状态的问题，就是要改变“课本是惟一信息源、教师是惟一的信息传递者、教室是惟一信息交流场所”的教学现实，通过开拓新的语文课程资源，让“语文学习的外延=生活的外延”渐成现实，同时也借此改变学生的学习方式。三年的考题， 2006 考查本地本地人物“邓稼先”， 2007 年考本地人文景观之三国文化，2008 年考大家关注的热点事件。三年无一不是试图打破教学封闭的有益尝试，无一不是新开发的语文课程资源。3.活动类探究是热点，专题类(或问题)研究目前没有出现。《语文新课程标准》对“综合性学习”的对象进行了较为明确的归类，一是文学活动类，二是事件问题类(我这里归入“专题类”)，前者主要考查学生的参与合作程度(搞没搞过活动)，后者主要考查学生的定向研究能力(选题——定计划——搜集处理资料——分析研究——研究报告)。从目前的考题来看，活动已成主流。2006 考查本地人物，2007调查本地旅游资源。school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 但这并不是说专题研究类的综合性学习不重要，书上有很多贴近学生生活的专题，如“初识诸子百家”“ 妇女解放”等，这些专题，学生完全有条件搜集处理相关资料，并能形成简单的研究报告。4.注重落实“过程与方法”的维度目标。在阅读、写作、口语交际这“三驾”马车之后设置“综合性学习”专章，其中一个重要方面就是落实“过程与方法”这个维度目标。考题很好的体现了这一点:(1)搞过“邓稼先”事迹(或富乐山三国文化)搜集的考生，有具体的参与过程(包含直接参与和间接参与)，在考试中就会得到与参与程度相对应的一个分数。(2)“参没参与、参与程度”完全能在活动 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 环节明确地区分出来。5.课本资源挖掘深而且透。在试题的命制上广泛关联，想方设法与课内挂钩。如:06 年、07 年的考题涉及到的几篇课文《空城计》 《出师表》《两弹元勋邓稼先》《陋室铭》等。 (二)预测: 1.选题出自教材的思路将继续保持。这是对新课程改革几年来“公说公有理，婆说婆有理”局面的归根之举，这个根就是“教材”。2.考查学科内目标综合、维度综合、课内外综合、能力点综合、跨领域学习目标综合的特点不会变。3.注重对综合性学习“过程与方法”的考查将继续保持。4.试题与课内具体篇目的联系还会加强，搜寻发掘教材中的绵阳文化还将继续。如:三台杜甫草堂，梓潼的文昌文化，江油的太白文化，以及大量的旅游资源的开发。5.城乡兼顾、照顾差异的做法将会保持。6.新题可能继续出现，估计方式会是:移花接木、广泛辐射形成新的综合，课堂内外勾连考查会形成新题型。7.专题类(事件问题类)探究题型可能还会出现(08 年的新闻特写专题)。这是探究性学习的高级阶段，它不仅直接考查学生探究精神和创新意识，还学生考查了学生根据占有材料形成假设或观点的能力(这正弥补了对议论表达方式考查不足的遗憾)。 (三)策略建议 1.活动要开展。不能实地参加，也要体现资料搜集、分析过程。2.在组织上保证全面的参与度与实效性，下深水。3.充分利用好网络资源进行辅助。4.活动开展后要有相应的资料(文字类、图片类、超文本类)。5.教学生学会查找、引用资料(学会注明资料的出处)，能分清原始资料和间接资料的主要差别。 6.注重过程的设计策划:活动类的开场白、标语口号主题板书、 结末陈词等;专题类的选题、计划、资料来源、研究报告。 四、诗歌赏析 (一)试题特点 1.选诗多为情景交融的典型。从材料上为落实课标中关于诗歌 “评价思想感情倾向、品味富于表现力的语言”的具体要求作了必要保障。2.注重对学生创意理解的考查。考题取材课内但不拘泥于课内，对于诗歌的考查，命题人更看重学生的个性理解，决不仅是背诵与记忆能力单纯考查。如2008 年赏析中“用自己的语言描述词中所写的丰收景象”，重在考查学生理解诗歌内容和语言表达的能力。这里的至少有两层意思:一是内容理解准确，二是语言表达要有一定的文采。3.考查目标综合。与“写字”目标综合考查，如2006 年的考题，想办法落实课标中“写字要正确、端正、整洁”的要求。4.考查兼顾内容和形式。考查不仅深入开掘诗歌的内容和情感，还注重对诗歌的采用的表现手法投以适度分值。这样，完整地考查了 “写什么——怎样写——为什么”的一个教学模式。现以考题为例进行具体说明: (1)内容方面 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 2006 年的10 题之(2)题:第二联寄寓了作者怎样的情怀, 2007 年的10 题之(1)题:本诗表现了诗人在田园生活中感受到的乐趣，请具体说说表现了哪些乐趣, 2008 年的10 题之(1)题:请用自己的语言描述词中所写的丰收景象。 (2)形式方面 2006 年:第二联所描绘的景物有什么特点,(对情景结合的考查)2007 年:对诗歌“语淡而味不薄”的艺术特点的赏析。(语言特点)2008 年:结合作品分析词人当时的心情。(对情景结合的考查) (二)预测: 1.考课内的范围将继续保持。2.情景结合、相对浅易的诗歌持续受关注。这里指的“浅易”指情感上为“人之常情”，写法上没有生僻的典故和复杂的背景。3.考查对诗歌的关注将更全面。诗歌的节奏重音已有三年未考，押韵至今未涉猎。直接体现诗歌“音乐美”的这两项考点，应当有必要的重视。 4.选材将会有更多的突破。 (1)从目前来看，近几年从未选过“词曲”两种体裁，作为宋元时期鼎盛的文学样式，命题者没有想过要偏废。(2)叙事类、理趣类诗歌考查可能会提上议事日程。 5.考查内容和形式结合的思路已趋成熟，会得到延续。 6.综合考点的方向会持续。如与“书写”“ 文学常识、文化常识” 等进行综合考查的方式还会继续并可能再有创新。 (三)策略建议 1.全面复习，忌偏废。2.宏观微观结合。宏观上把握赏析材料写的景、叙的事、抒的情、议的理，微观上开掘赏析材料的用词用句、手法、语言等方面的特色。3.重视理解，不宜死记硬背。4.分散进行。因其量大，要早计划安排，在平时训练中(包括综合训练)进行巩固。 5.教给学生基本方法:情景交融，托物言志、动静结合、视听结合、虚实结合、对比、衬托(烘托、反衬)„„(将识记知识转化为能力) 五、默写 (一)试题特点 1.取材课内。绝大多数考查来自课内，有极少数考查已有积累。2.范围广泛。时间为古今中外，体裁为诗文词曲。凡是教材上要求背诵的篇目，都有所涉及。3.名家名句。选句几乎句句经典，体现了命题人对古代优秀文化的极端重视。4.灵活开放。有前后续句，有理解性或提示性默写，有归类默写。5.积极创新。2007 年的默写一改过去的形式，在内容上提出了 更高的要求，在深度考查方面迈出了重要的一步。这道题，至少有以下思路值得关注: (1)主题组版。“诗情画意”“ 忧国忧民”“ 智慧启迪”“ 夕阳晚歌”无一不是对诗歌专题的创造性考查。可以说:这是对诗歌考查的创新变革，没有深度的教学，是经不起检验的。提示我们注重诗歌间的求同训练。 (2)广泛比较。将古诗和新诗、古文进行类比，注重古今诗文的求同考查。 (二)预测: 1.取材课内、广泛考查、名家名句的思想将得到保持。2.考查方式可能会有进一步创新。从07 年的考题可以看出:命题人改变默写的考查方式的想法由来已久，只是在去年有了起步。估计，语境默写会成为新的方向。即是给一段意思完整的school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 陈述，在中间空出填充位置，在不出现“作者和作品名”的情况下来完成答题。这种题表面上增加了开放性，实则加大了区分度，对于选拔优秀学生最为有效。3.精细考查、深入考查的方向已经显现出来。从07 年进行归类的方式可以看出命题人试图将诗歌分门别类，这是精细深入考查的前兆。 (三)策略建议 1.清点三年的背诵篇目。2.采用一切合理办法训练准确书写能力。3.化整为零，及时巩固。 4.建立纠错集，以明确学习难点。 六、现代文阅读的特点及教学策略阅读理解一直是语文考查的重头戏。翻阅全国中考语文试卷，我们可以清晰地看到，寓思想性、人文性、时效性、知识性为一体的阅读令人赏心悦目。有的关注生命与环境，有的剖析生命的价值，有的颂扬乐观的态度，有的培养健全的人格，有的揭示生活的哲理，它们都闪耀着灿烂的人文思想的光辉。这三年绵阳的现代文阅读也较好地体现了这一点。均取散文和说明文材料，赋分30,32 分，设题8,9个，稳中求进，具有一定的区分度，有利于考生水平的发挥。 ,一, 散文阅读。 散文是中考常选的文体，其文学性和思想性是获得命题者青睐的主要原因。《全日制义务教育语文课程标准(实验稿)》对它的阅读要求:在通读文章的基础上，“理清思路”，“理解主要内容”，“体味和推敲重要词语在语言环境中的意义和作用”，“品味作品中富于表现力的语言”，“对课文的内容和表达有自己的心得”。考查的目标是学生的感受、理解、欣赏和评价四个层面的能力，散文阅读是初中生阅读最基本也是最重要的阅读。 下面的列表是近三年的散文的考查情况: 1、近三年试题命制的特点?选文大多来自课外，选自名家经典之作。选文思想性很强，有年份作者、文题、文体、取材赋分题量题型考点及分值06年周国平《你是爸爸最得意的作 品》,选自《妞妞——一个父亲的札记》三个文段,、亲情散文、课外19分5个小题简答题、 开放试题?关键词理解4 分;?句子语境分析,两个,4 分?第二人称作用分析4 分?概括感悟3 分?真情劝慰4 分,50 字左右、工整书写,2007年周国平《家》,第二节、九下课 内讲读,、白岩松《家在途中》、亲情哲理散文、课外17分4个小题对比阅读简答题、开放试题?关键词“平凡”理解4 分;?重点句子语境分析4 分;?“家”变化内涵概括6 分; ?爱“家”的真实感受3 分2008年孙春平《一只小燕飞进家》和谐情感散文、课外15 分4 个小题简答题、开放试题?关键词“心安理得”理解4 分;?重点句子语境分析4 分;?概括感悟3 分;?想象描述4 分丰富的人文内涵，侧重于对学生进行思想教育和情感熏陶，具有较强的思想性和文学性。?试题结构趋于稳定，凸现稳中求变的特点。分值基本一致，题 量有所减少。文中词语含义及作用的理解，重要句子在文中的含义及作用分析，哲理内涵要点的概括，是其稳定的题型;人物性格分析，景物描写及作用，句子的前后照应，文章赏析等题型则趋于变化。?着眼于对阅读材料的整体感受和综合理解能力的考查。哲理内涵要点的概括和文章赏析等题型较好地体现了这一school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 点。?阅读取材回归文本，体现课内外的有机整合。07 年课内文段阅读选自周国平的《家》与课外白岩松《家在途中》的对比阅读，有较强的导向作用，课内经典文章不可忽视～特别是周国平作品的连续考查，给投机取巧者以教训。?开放性试题有利于让学生进行创造性阅读，真情表达创意感悟。《新课标》指出:“应让学生在积极的思维和情感活动中，加深理解和体验，有所感悟和思考”，“重视对学生多角度、有创意阅读的评价”。虽然不设统一答案，但结合主旨真情表达才有机会得分。 2、2009 年考查的预测 根据以上特点，预计2009 年中考现代文阅读考查走向与分析:?选文仍突出人文性、文学性的特点。值得注意的是，近三年考查的都是亲情、哲理类文章，09 年的选文是否会在文体上有所变动，如托物言志类散文，小说等复杂的记叙文的考查，值得考虑。?结合语境理解文中重点词语和句子的含义及作用的题型是常考题型～现代文考查，重在对文本的解读，而品词析句又是根本，历年考试都有所涉及，这是进行阅读理解的一种重要思路和方法。常见题型如主旨句的分析、修辞句的体会，环境描写的作用、人物神态、心理刻画的作用等。 ?考查学生对文章主题的领会和把握，考察学生的情感态度和价值取向。赏析题虽然不再以选择题的方式出现，但以开放性题的形式要求学生从主题、写法等方面品评，应该对此引起重视。?散文类文章可能会考查相关的写作手法及作用。例如:对比烘托、托物言志等。?材料链接式的比较阅读可能会出现在考题中。这种题信息量大，区分度高，能较好地检测学生求同辨异的分析能力，在近年的其他省市的中考题中时有出现，颇受关注。?开放性试题仍会出现。鼓励学生有创意地表达阅读感悟的开放型试题会增加。 ,二, 说明文阅读 这是中考现代文阅读的必考内容。教育部制定的《新课程标准》对初中生阅读说明文的要求是:“阅读科技作品，注意领会作品中所体现的科学精神和科学思想方法。” 引导学生关注人类、关注自然、关注生态环境、关注科技进程、关注未来发展，有利于培养学生的科 学思想和科学方法。近三年绵阳中考的情况详见下表: 年份文题、文体、取材赋分题量题型考点及分值2006年《令人惊叹的细胞》生物科学、课外 13分4 个小题简答题、选择题?概括对象特征，4分;?表意是否矛盾的分析，3 分?说明语言特点分析，3 分;?符合文意的选择，3 分2007年《倒行不逆施》,《大自然探索》2007 年第4 期,生物科学、15 分4个小题简答题、选择题?对象及特征概括， 4 分;?多义词的含义及作用，4 分?指定段落运用的说明方法及作用分析，4分; 1、近三年试题命制的特点?阅读材料都来自课外，选材侧重于生物科学、自然科学等科技类文章。?主要考查学生对阅读材料的整体理解分析和提取信息要点的能力。?题型以主观性试题为主，采用“3+1”命题形式，赋分15 分左右。?说明对象及其特征概括，说明方法、说明顺序的判定及作用分析，文意选择是稳定的考查内容。 2、2009 年考查的预测 根据以上分析和文体考查的特点，对2009 年中考的走向作以下预测:?选材可能会产生变化，自然生态、环境治理、航天成果等材料可能入选。?继续强化整体解读。概括特征、梳理要点等题型将保留。?重点词句的含义及作用的理解，说明方法的判定及作用阐述，仍将是考查的重点。?说明语言的分析和说明的顺school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 序还可能在试题中露脸。课外?符合文意的选择， 3 分2008年《以柔克刚— — 中国古代建筑的抗震智慧》(《中国国家地理》2008 年第6 期)自然科学、课外`15分4 个小题简答题、选择题?对象及特征概括， 5 分;?词语在具体语境的含义，4 分?指定部分运用的说明顺序及作用分析，3分;?符合文意的选择， 3 分?文意的判定选择可能变换方式出现。此类题属于高考说明文阅读的保留题型，考查学生对文章的整体解读、准确把握以及科学推断的能力，避免主观臆断，培养考生的科学素养，与高考接轨。这三年都是选择“符合文意”的，也许明年将选择“不符合文意”的。 ,三,对2009 级现代文教学的几点建议 研究课标内容，回归教材文本。一定要落实“依据课标、紧扣课本”的教学思想，不脱离课本，在教好课本的基础上超越课本，实现课内外教学的有机结合。2、课堂教学具体落实知识点与考点的结合。注重归纳考点，研究方法，教给学生解题技巧，并进行系列的巩固性训练。例如对说明方法作用的分析，是有章可循的。结合具体的语段和上下句，抓住该段的中心句和中心词，也就是抓住该段或该句的说明对象及对象的特征，灵活地作答，并学会迁移，举一反三。一般说来，举例子是为了清楚、真实地说明了什么;作比较是为了突出了某某的什么特点;打比方是生动形象地说明了什么，如此等等。 3、遵循阅读的规律，避免纯技术性的操练。阅读教学重在培养学生的整体感知能力、语言感悟能力及初步鉴赏文学作品的能力，切不可以纯技术性的操练代替学生的独立思考，违背阅读教学的整体性原则。 4、高度重视散文，特别加强是对情感浓郁、蕴含哲理散文的阅读与训练。提高学生对文章的整体感悟和具体理解的能力，提倡学生与文本对话，对文本进行创造性的解读。 5、关注最新科技成果，特别注意自然生态、航天成果等方面的材料，并进行有效训练。教会学生品味语言，捕捉文字背后的隐含信息。 6、平时要培养学生准确审题、精细答题的习惯。要抓住重点，逐条分点，有条理的表述。对于学生层次稍高的，可以让他们进行必要的拟题训练，根据不同的文体及对应的考点，设计有训练价值的试题，并让他们自拟答案，进而全班交流评价，激起拟题热潮。如此历练，他们的答题能力将会得到迅速的提升。 7、注意课外阅读，注重搜集4、5 月份《读者》《意林》《视野》《思维与智慧》等知名报刊里的优秀阅读文章，特别关注余秋雨、毕淑敏、林清玄、张晓风等知名作家的经典之作。 七、作文的命制特点及应考策略 写作是中考语文试卷的重头戏，是综合考查学生语文素质的一种手段，是对写作过程与方法、情感与态度的集中评价。从题型来看，中考作文题型主要有以下几类:全命题，半命题，话题作文、材料作文、看图作文等。无论那种形式的考题，都尽量淡化文体，不设审题障碍，为考生提供相对自由的写作空间，可以尽情挥洒心中的喜怒哀乐，爱恨情仇，这无疑给爱好写作的学生搭建了较为公平的展示平台。 近三年绵阳作文的命制情况见下表:年份分值命题形式导引方式文体、字数其他要求2006 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 年60 分话题 “交流”诗意文字文体自选600字以上?立意自定;?题目自拟;?选择明确的文体;?有真情实感;?不得抄袭;?所写必须在话题之内;?不能全盘照搬上面 的文字;?卷面整洁美观。2007年60分全命题 “我和你”无记叙文、600字以上;2008年60 分全命题“生活很美”名人名言记叙文、600字以上不得出现真实县名、校名、人名。 1、近三年试题命制的特点:?话题作文曾一度辉煌。“自拟题目”、“自定立意”、“自选文体”的话题作文让学生有话可说，有事可写，有情可抒，有利于学生发散思维，张扬个性，展示才情，契合了新课标“为学生的自主写作提供有利条件和广阔空间，减少对学生写作的束缚，鼓励学生自由和有创意的表达”的精神。 ?话题作文占“统治”地位的格局被打破，全命题作文出现。特别是07 年、08 年中考同高考接轨，采用了命题作文，而且明确规定写一篇记叙文。这一变化，弥补了几年来话题作文在操作中过于宽泛的不足，让考生不易把握写作主旨的弊端;纠正了话题作文容易产生问题不明——“四不像”的弊端;且切合初中生以形象思维为主的心理特点;符合初中生语文学习训练的实际;也与全国话题作文的失落，选题作文的失宠，半命题、命题作文备受青睐同步合拍。?命题内容关注自我成长，关注社会人生，倡导真情作文。成长类主题是近年考试的热点。以“自我”为中心，关注考生自身的成长历程，从而体现“写自我”、“抒真情”的基本原则;同时，通过学生自我特长、个性才情的展示，从纵深方面也揭示了考生内心情感、思想品质、审美情趣，反映出考生在人生观、价值观等思维品质上的优劣，这正是此类主题持续升温的原因。?“生活作文”、“个性作文”显尽风流。语文是一门植根现实土 壤、面向世界未来的综合性课程。引导学生走出书斋，把视野和灵魂的触角伸向自然万物，伸向人间万象，伸向社会生活的方方面面，进而培养学生对社会的责任感，体现“大语文”教育的本质。?鼓励学生体察亲情之爱，感悟友情之美。抒写真情，是作文的生命。引导学生在作文中说真话、实话、心里话，不说假话、空话、套话，也是新课标的要求。考生须做到“我手写我心”，真切的描写真实的人生，生动的抒写真挚的情感，让真情之花在文中绽放。 2、2009 年考查的预测:针对近年绵阳中考命题的特点和全国中考作文命题发展的趋势， 特作如下预测:?话题作文近年难以翻身，半命题、全命题将持续升温。?材料作文可能以新型精心的包装下出现，减少审题障碍。?成长类主题将是近年考试的热点。?鼓励创意表达，倡导真情写作。“生活作文”、“个性作文”是今后的主流。?文体要求写较为复杂的记叙文，辅以简单的议论。 3、教学建议 针对以上的分析，为即将到来的2009 年的中考，我们该采取哪些措施呢,?关注社会焦点，关注校园新闻。学生长期生活在“三点一线”的环境中，长期奋战在题海里，容易使自己的视野变得狭窄，缺乏对现实细致的观察和对生命理性的思考，从而使自己的思想变得平庸。 引导学生在课余多读报、多留心发生在自己身边的事情，并作一番个性化的思考，且有意识的运用在自己的习作中去。?精读满分作文，鉴赏时文经典。针对中学生课外阅读基本为零 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 的畸形现状，教师可在课内把精选的考场满分作文交给去做鉴赏评价，让学生从中习得精彩的语言和高超的技法，并指导学生做一些借鉴练习。课外再引导学生阅读时文经典，加深其文化底蕴，提高其鉴赏能力。 ?针对热点主题，进行有效训练。成长类、探索类、环保类主题应是训练的重点，当然，对于那些比较生僻的题型也要做一些针对性的训练，切不可盲目进行，打无准备的仗。在训练过程中，特别做好入格和升格的层级训练，并限时完成。?做好定点练习，抓好系统工程。对文章题目的拟制、开头结尾的点题及呼应、对人物、景物的描写等，都应该做好定点训练。诸如文章的凤头五法:开门见山点主旨、借用诗文显诗意、排比铺陈蓄文势、细节故事留悬念、景物入笔巧渲染。总之，一个靓丽的标题，一个精彩的开篇，一个崭新的事例，一段丰美的描写，一个动人的细节，一句点睛的议论，一个警醒的结尾，一个美观的卷面，抓好作文的“八个一”系统工程，是成功作文的保障。作文教学贵在平时的积累和训练。古语云:“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，“厚积而薄发，博观而约取”。这“厚积”、“博观”的“利 器”之功绝非朝夕可成，只有引导学生深入现实生活，去做长期而艰苦的体味和积累，引导他们潜心地投入到精品阅读中，去感受作者精心且周密的布局与谋篇，在反复的历练中方可习得。 09 级语文教学规划 江油市双河初中2009 级 更新教育观念,全面提高教育教学质量,落实上级教为了进一步深化新课程改革, 研部门有关教研教改精神,特制定本学年09 级语文教学教研计划。 基本情况: 我校09 级共有学生570 多人，10 个教学班，语文教师6 人，虽然在地震灾后复课的期末检测中，进入江油市A 优人数有100 人左右，但与同类学校优秀的相比，还有不小的差距。学生中还存在着以下问题:基础薄弱、知识缺乏系统性，解题技巧和解题能力较差，缺乏准 确性、全面性，语言还不规范，组织语言的能力不强，学生的阅读能力欠缺，作文水平不高。这些问题都亟待解决。教研及教改措施:更新教学观念。观念统领行动。要组织本组教师通过学习理论文章、先进经验，树立全新的教学理念，面向全体学生，注重学生全面发展，贯彻落实“教师为主导，学生为主体，启发为主线”的教学思想，充分发挥学生的主观能动性。突出一个中心(以课堂教学为中心)，抓住四个重点(培养习惯、掌握学习方法、夯实基础、强化考点)，把好三关(教学关、学习关、检测关)，实现两高(高合格率、高优生率)。 认真上好示范课、汇报课、研究课。利用示范课让名优教师的灵活的教学方法、独具风采的个人魅力，对听课教师起到潜移默化的作用。利用研究课，研究教学中带有共同性的问题，找到解决的办法，突破重难点。上好汇报课、合格课，让教师得到不断提高。认真做好“四个一”，努力提高教师的业务能力。我们要求每一个教师每一课后进行 教学反思 平行与垂直的教学反思班会课教学反思分数的初步认识教学反思科学我从哪里来教学反思平行与垂直教学反思 ，写好教学后记，每月写一个典型教学案例，每期上一次研究课，每期写一篇经验总结。通过交流评比，促进教师之间互相学习，主动学习。认真开展集体备课。 集体备课是智慧的摇篮，我们要求教师把功夫花在课堂之外，教师多流汗，学生少拐弯。学期初，共同学习新课标，根据学科特点，明确学期要求，制定详细的教学计划，把部分备课任务合理分解，对共享部分，组织教师进行第二次备课，要求体现自己的教学思想，体现班级学生特点。期末复习时，每位教师分工负责school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 准备、编写复习资料，这样既有利于资源共享，减轻教师的劳动，又有利于提高教学质量。做好教研活动的针对性、实效性、指导性，努力提高课堂效益。每周一下午的教研活动，要共同研究教学中的问题，通过交流探讨，找到问题的最佳解决办法。及早研究期末考试和中考试题信息，把握新题型的特点，把握各考点的答题技巧，指导学生及早过手，落实学生的解题技巧训练，规范学生的语言组织，提高学生答题的准确性和全面性，并将其始终贯穿于自己的教学之中，从而提高课堂效率。提高课堂效率的方法及措施:夯实基础，落实考点。全面培养学生的语文学习能力，加强语文基础知识的积累和掌握，强化字词句和经典篇章的诵读。进一步培养学生运用语言的能力。注重学生听、说、读、写的能力，引导学生将语文与生活实际相联系，让语文成为学生终身学习的工具。加强学生的作文训练，注重布局谋篇、构思立意、开头结尾的写作技巧的训练，使学生能写入格作文。进行学习方法的指导。在教学中加强学生学习语文学科的方法指导，加强解题技巧的训练，注重不同类型问题的答题语言的规范组织，树立中考意识，培养学生的应考能力。教学中提高课堂教学效益。每堂课要有明确的教学点，根据新课标和和学生的基础，精心设计教学点，每一个教学点要有具体清晰可操作的教学目标。(“教学点”一是知识点，二是能力点，三是非智力因素点。)在保证完成教本规定的教学任务的前提下，从学生的实际接受能力出发，随时调控课堂教学容量。(“教学容量”一是教师的输出信息量要围绕重点取舍，二是学生接受训练量要注意典型性，三是学生活动量。)教学中体现教师为主导，学生为主体，训练为主线，让学生积极参与，动口提问，动脑回答，动手演练，教给学生学习的方法，注重学法指导。充分激发学生的学习兴趣，创设问题情境唤起求知欲，创设探索情境增强学习信心。利用现代教育技术创设良好的教学氛围。提高课堂教学时间的利用率，引入阶段承上启下5 分钟，进行阶段30 分钟，结束阶段画龙点睛5 分钟。 江油市双河初中语文备课组2008 年9 月1 日附教学进度表: 周次 日期教学内容(单元)1 2008.9.1——9.5 九年级(上)第六单元 2 9.8——9.12 第六单元3 9.15——9.19 第一单元 4 9.22——9.28 第二单元5 10.6——10.10 第一学月检测 6 10.13——10.17 第七单元7 10.20——10.24 第七单元 8 10.27——10.31 第三单元9 11.3——11.7 第四单元半期检测 10 11.10——11.14 第五单元11 11.17——11.21 全册复习、检测 12 11.24——11.28 九年级(下)第六单元13 12.1——12.5 第六单元 2009 年语文教学规划 小溪坝初中2009 级语文组 2008 年中考已落下帷幕，2009 级中考理应成为热门话题。我们语组5 人共同商讨并借鉴我校2008 级语文组的宝贵意见，对我们2009级语文教学规划作了如下部署和安排，恳请教研室专家、领导给予指导。 一、了解命题趋势，合理安排进程。 中考语文总复习具有:知识点多，时间紧迫，收效低微等特点。指导复习时，教师要研究《考试说明》和课标有关评价精神，充分挖掘学生的非智力因素，提高语文的课堂教学质量，始终把提升学生的语文素养作为宗旨。复习以“纲”为纲，以“本”为本，由点到线，由线到面，落实、夯实基础知识，培养学生运用知识的能力，注重解题方法，规范答题语言，灵活运用答题技巧。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification (一)做好分析工作。 1、认真分析中考命题。近三年的中考试题，在试题结构、命题内容、题型、题量上 基本稳定，试卷分为五个板块:一基础知识。包括语音、汉字的正确14 12.8——1212 第七单元15 12.15——12.19 第七单元16 12.22——12.26 第五单元17 12.29——12.31 第五单元18 2009.1.3——1.9 九年级(上)期末复习19 1.12——1.16 期末检测20 2.9——2.13 九年级(下)第二单元21 2.16——2.20 第二单元、第一单元22 2.23——2.27 第一单元 23 3.2——3.6 第三单元24 3.9——3.13 第四单元25 3.16——3.20 九年级(下)全册检测书写、成语的运用、语病、标点符号的运用等。二古文阅读。考点包括重点实词的解释、一词多义、通假字、古今异义和课文思想内容的理解。三综合性学习。包含古文翻译、名著阅读、语言的综合运用等。四、古诗默写。五是现代文阅读，包括记叙文(、小说、散文)说明文。六是写作。由于命题趋向的差异，每年的试卷都会有不超出范围但颇具新意的新题型出现(比如:成都市2008 年未考查诗句节奏划分，而是出现了句子的衔接这一考点)。 2009 年中考命题趋势:将更加重视考查:(1)语言知识的积累(2)口语交际和综合性题型(3)学生的整体把握的能力及思维能力(尤其是学生联系生活实际和生活经验，运用所学的知识分析问题、解决问题的能力。)(4)作文主要趋向:话题作文将进一步淡化，材 料作文、命题作文(含半命题作文)进一步强化。二选一的作文命题形式仍将是主流，这给考生带来更大的选择空间。关注自我、关注人生、关注社会、关注自然是作文的主要话题。 2(根据实际分析学生状况。我们曾经对我校09 级学生进行了一次分层问卷调查，结果许多 学生都提到期望老师在复习中能够讲清思路，有针对性地进行少而精的讲解、练习，不搞题海战术;教会学生梳理知识结构、抓基础、抓重点;可以说学生的期望往往说中了教师在复习中存在的问题，所以在复习过程中教师应以学生为主，向理科学习，根据复习设计好能够 及时反映学生学习情况的反馈练习，并根据学生的反馈信息时及时分析、调整，查漏补缺，对症下药。(二)、制定精密复习计划。“凡事预则立，不预则废。”有效的行为来自精密的计划。计划包括时间和内容的安排，也包括复习的方法和巩固的手段。 1、2009 年3 月31 日之前， 结课阶段。教学中稳扎稳打，符合学生的实际情况，循序渐进，不盲目赶进度，重视对课本知识的理解挖掘，这部分知识往往是中考的重点， 一定要打好基础，不留遗憾。 2、4 月1 日——4 月下旬是第一轮基础复习阶段。(过教材)注重基础知识和基本技能的复习和落实。着重从课本入手，依纲扣本，在字、词、句、篇中夯实基础。由于复习时间短，我们准备采用以下方法:大胆取舍复习内容，打破逐册复习的方法，确定好重点的册，然后再分体裁复习。分体裁复习时确定好重点的单元、课文及语文知识。同时就这些内容一般怎样考，会出现哪些问题及怎样应对做指导点拨。让学生掌握一些基本的考试技能和方法。 3、4 月下旬—5 月20 日左右是第二轮复习专题训练阶段。专题复习是最重要的阶段，通过对五个板块的专题复习，可以使以前散见于课文中的基础知识系统school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 化，使学生能站在一个较高的平台来俯视语文知识体系，消除那种只见树木不见森林的迷茫。可以按“重点知识梳理与强调——老师例题分析与重点讲解——学生练习巩固——根据学生反馈重点补缺”四个步骤进行复习训练。 4、5 月22 日—6 月上旬为第三轮模拟练习(或综合训练)复习阶段。中考时间:6 月12 日左右这一阶段是中考冲刺的自由复习阶段，重在指导学生根据自己的实际情况查漏补缺，侧重于点拨指导，进行知识归类、考试方法与技巧的个别辅导。同时，也要做好学生的考前心理辅导。训练时可选近三年的成都市中考题或选难度、容量与近年中考题相近的题目练习， 真正起到模拟的作用。 二、探索复习规律，梳理知识体系。 语文中考复习旨在构建起知识点的基本框架。复习时，教师要做到“胸有成竹”;在指导复习的过程中，要经常总结在复习过程中遇到的成败得失，以利于及时调整复习策略。使复习知识系统、完备、全面、落实。 (一)、重积累。语文考试主要是考查学生运用语文知识解决问题的能力。答题的前提是需要具备一定的语文知识:像字音辨认、别字辨析、名句默写等知识性题目，考核的都是一至六册中的内容;这就需要学生有充分的积累。其中，名句默写不仅要强化记忆还要理解记忆，并且能够灵活运用。切记:一字出错，满“盘”皆输。文言知识的积累也是十分重要的。A 卷的文言文阅读语段，是考察课内的内容。B 卷课外文言文阅读，也是用课外材料考查课内文言知识掌握情况和文言文的阅读能力。而在现代文阅读题目中常出现考查字词的题目，就是要求考生必须在复习过程中将现代文中的重点词语积累掌握好。在复习过程中为了便于更好地记忆掌握一些知识，我们可以采取列表、再分类的形式。根据近年来中考中古诗诗文积累默写部分开放题型的出现，我们也可试着将古诗文分类整理记忆，如可分为壮志抱负、战争场面、爱国忧民、亲情乡愁、山水田园、边塞风光、春夏秋冬、风花雪月、劝学惜时、乐观自信、富含哲理、咏史怀古、逆境磨砺篇等等。因此，复习首先要紧扣课本，有目的、有计划地进行知识梳理，把最最基础的知识积累、掌握。 (二)、重能力。主要谈谈对现代文阅读和文言文阅读的复习建议。 1、现代文阅读:《课程标准》指出:“阅读评价要综合考察学生阅读过程中的感受、体验、理解和价值取向。”现代文包括:记叙文(包括散文、小说)、说明文、议论文三类。通过对近几年各地中考题研究发现:中考现代文阅读体裁多样，题材丰富，意蕴深刻，强调整体感悟。我认为:在指导复习时，主要是要牢固树立“两种意识”，培养“三种能力”。两种意识即“原文意识”和“整体意识”。(所谓“原文意识”，也就是所有的阅读试题答案都应该在原文中找得依据和理由，因为中考语文阅读是以理解性阅读为原则。所谓“整体意识”，也就是对于主干性的阅读试题，一定要在整体把握文章内容的基础上再进行解答，要根据试题要求，完整地筛选出相关内容要点，以避免挂一漏万的答题现象。) 三种能力即“审察题目的能力”、“筛选信息的能力”和“语言表述的能力”。(审察题目，不仅要明确答题的要求，问题的指向，还要确定阅读的范围，揣摩题中重要信息的含义;筛选信息的正误，关系到答案的正误，筛选信息不仅要学会分辨有效信息和无效信息，有时 还要辨析信息的主次，信息与信息之间的关系;语言表述是答题的最后一关，不仅要求形成的答案要点完备，而且要求语言通畅，简洁明了。)具体操作:要把school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 握“考点”，掌握答题技巧。近两年的中考现代文阅读的选文大多是一篇偏重于议论的散文和一篇自然科学类的文 章。因此，在最后复习中，应精心选取意蕴深刻、对学生有情感教育作用的、能对学生人生观、价值观有引导作用的文章来训练。文段的考查一般都侧重两个方面，一是信息的筛选，二是对阅读材料的理解和分析。这时，就应该注意句与句、段与段之间的联系，了解作者的 观点和文章的写作意图，做到从整体上把握文章，首先弄清“写了什么”“ 为什么要写”这两个问题。最重要最有效的方法是: “答案不在你的脑子里，答案只在原文中”。比如，整体感知类的题目，常常要求考生回答“文章的主要内容是什么”或者“作者的主要观点是什么”等问题。做此类题，答题时应从三个方面来考虑:一看标题，二看开头、结尾，三找议论、抒情的语句。这些常用的方法和思路一定要熟记于心。再比如，同学们认为最难回答的“理解句子含义及作用”这一类题目，我们可以这样作答:先观察句子的特点及位置，分析其在表意和结构上的作用;结合语境，抓住句子表达时最关键的词语，指出其语境意。此类题目考查的大多是那些在文章表达中起关键作用的语句，或是一些运用比喻、反问等修辞手法的句子，所以分析把握句子的特点是做好此类题目的要诀。凡述种种题型，都是有一定的解答思路和方法的。还要特别要提醒学生的是，尽管语文考试的命题重心越来越偏向于主观题型，答案具有开放性和灵活性，但开放性试题同时具有开放性和限制性，其中限制性是评卷工作科学、客观、公正的基本保证，体现着升学考试的严肃性和公信力。因此学生在答题时，要格外注意语言表达的基本规范、原则，把握好分寸，切忌想到哪里写到哪里。 2、文言文阅读:《课程标准》指出，文言文的学习目标是:“阅读浅易文言文，能借助注释和工具书理解基本内容。” 文言文是我国古代文化的重要载体，是现代汉语的源头，学好文言文是继承民族优秀文化的需要，也是学好语文的需要。中考命题取材课内的文言文段。在试题设计上“言”“ 文”并重，即既考查学生文言基础知识，也考查学生对文意的理解和把握。一般考查常见的文言虚词、实词的含义和用法。实词则常常考查一词多义、古今异义、词类活用的词语;对句子的考查则侧重于关键句子的句式和句意;对内容考查就与现代文基本相似。从字、词、句到文学常识以至思想感情、表现手法等，都要拎出要点，总结规律。另外，近几年来，对文言文的阅读开始重视对文意的理解、分析、概括、评价能力的考查。因此我们在阅读训练时也要向这一方向发展。近两年的中考文言文阅读大多选择故事型的文段。内容比较浅显，考察内容基本与课内部分相似。做题时一定要注意与课内学过的 课文或知识点相联系，注重由课内向课外的迁移运用。具体操作:复习文言文时，可先按通假字、词类活用、文言句式、常见文言虚词的意义和用法、古今词义等类别列表归类掌握。再重点抓两类题型。一是翻译类。此类题解答思路是:粗知全文大意，把握文意的倾向性;详知译句上下文的含义，并逐字对应翻译，做好换、留、删、补、调。注意翻译时应抓住句子中关键字词，这些字词往往是得分点;还可由现代词、成语推导词语在文中的含义。另外还要注意词类活用、古今异义、通假、偏义复词等特殊现象。若直译不通，则用意译。不要拘泥于原文结构，可联系生活实际大胆推想。二是启示类。解答这类题目时要注意思想倾向，抓住作者基本的感情立场，联系文章主要情节及主要人物，抓住评论性的语句从多角度、多侧面思考作答。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification (三)、重体验。作文是学生语文知识和基本技能的综合运用，也是学生语文水平和语文素养的全面反映。它在语文试卷A 卷中占有60 分的分数，地位举足轻重，绝对不能等闲视之。好的作文，应该是有自己的思想观点，有自己的思想情感，写出自己对生活、对社会、对人生的体验和感悟。在复习中，作文复习应与语文知识并列进行。以材料作文、命题(半命题)作文、话题作文训练为重点，形成作文训练序列。根据中考作文在立意、内容、语言上的要求，进行一些单项性训练。具体操作:(1)在复习时要让学生了解中考作文的评分标准:在基础得分(综合考虑作文的内容、结构、语言等评分)的基础上可以加书写分、创新分，然后再减去错别字、标点、少题目等扣的分。让学生对照自己的作文找出差距和需要注意、改进的地方，做到有的放矢。这样无形中最大限度地提高了作文得分。(2)有针对性地进行作文实战演习。从作文的基本思路做起，审题、立意、谋篇、布局、成文，严格程序，限定时间(一般在50分钟左右)。让学生在具体写作中看自己存在的问题，不断改进。(3)注意发挥优势。要求考生全面分析，认真比较，选择最能发挥自己水平的角度去写，争取尽可能地多得分。(4)注意积累信息、素材。作文要开掘源头活水。在最后阶段要建议学生多读书看报，开拓视野、了解时代信息、把握时代脉搏，并学习别人的语言风格、章法技巧，为写作积累素材，补充新鲜血液。在写作中，还要善于从大处着眼，小处入手，大题化小，以小见大，学会“一滴水里见阳光”“ 半瓣花上说人情”;善于联想，张扬个性。让文章体现出真挚的感情，丰厚的文学积淀，做到文质兼美，富有生活气息。当然，加强基本功诸如书写、卷面、标点符号等方面的训练也很重要。 (四)、重应用。中考试卷减少了知识记忆性内容的考查，增加了实际生活需要的应用性内容的考查，突出了“以能力立意”的命题思想。从近年来中考试题来看，真正从课本上照搬知识来考查学生的题目已经不多，即使有，也多是需要学生真正地理解而且会熟练运用。例如名句积累的11 题，就是提供一种语言环境，要考生不仅记得准，还要理解得准。课内文言文阅读题目也不是照搬课本中的内容，同样需要考生理解，并且能够联系实际，灵活运用。所以，复习课本内的知识不能仅靠死记硬背，而要将记忆和理解结合起来，在记忆的基础 之上更要注重理解，提高运用知识的能力。至于现代文阅读和作文，更是注重语文综合能力的考查，这主要取决于考生平时对课文的学习和练习，绝非一日之功。在语文综合性学习的复习中，尤其不要死记知识，硬背概念，而应该把重心放在语境分析和语言表达上，掌握语 言运用的基本规律和解题方法。这里面的知识点也很多，既要关注学生自身的人文素养，启迪学生在语言文学方面的悟性与灵性，又要求学生会运用语文知识解决问题。如:做仿句训练，很多同学都注意到句式、修辞方面的问题，但在“形似”的同时容易忽略“神似”的要 求，忽略语句之间内在的逻辑联系。 (五)、重归纳。语文能力的提高尽管取决于平时的学习与训练，但并不是说不用复习。适量做题是应当的、必须的。做题的目的要明确:不是猜题、押题，而是寻找做题的思路。通过做题，注意总结归纳:什么样的题目，该如何去考虑，从哪些角度去解答，而且最好是 能够了解一些题目的评分标准。做的题目多了，我们就会总结出一些规律，诸如仿造句子的题目，应该从句子结构和句子内容两方面去思考，否则就有可能丢掉school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 一半的分数;找词语指代意义的题目，一般从其上文找答案，而且最好是能够代入原文读一下，如果意思不变，说 明是正确的。再如概括主要内容的题目一般来说要从总括句、总结句或过渡句中去寻找;对于自命题的题目，一定要考虑题目的质量，要问题与答案统一，而且答案正确。近年来，语文试题中经常会出现开放性的简答题，这类题应注意紧扣要求或材料提出看法(观点)，然 后按要求分析，或举例，或引用名言，略作分析，言之成理即可，等等。在复习过程中，通过做题，归纳规律，可以收到事半功倍的效果。总之，语文中考复习除了要注重学生考试技能的提高，还要注重考试心理素质的提高。平时测试时教师应注意发现学生不是因为智力因素而出现的失误和问题，指导学生每次考完后，认真进行反思，总结成功的经验和失败的教训，提升他们的情商。让每位学生既会学习，也会考试，使他们在中考考场上能淋漓尽致地发挥出自己的水平，不至于因为非智力因素方面的影响而失分。语文学科同其它学科一样，有自身的知识系统和复习规律。在冲刺阶段，若能够采取恰当的方法认真复习，复习形成知识网络，答题依据正确的技巧方法，稳扎稳打，考试前做到成竹在胸，相信每个考生都能考出理想的成绩的。 2008 级语文组中考小结 小溪坝中学08 级语文组 一、语文组四名老师团结协作，分工负责。认真开展集体备课和组内互相听课，认真评课，注重找问题，抓提高。 二、07 秋重点抓进度。1、抓紧时间上新课。上半期上完九上教材的六个单元。2、期末上完九上教材和九下教材的1、2、6、7 单元。 三、08 春尽快结束新课，狠抓系统复习。1、08 春用了三周时间结束了九下教材3、4、5 单元的新课教学，完成了中考前的新课教学。2、跑教材，熟悉课文，复习基础，夯实中考选择题。(1)从九年级到七年级，分册按单元回顾主要篇目的内容，复习基础知识，包括音、形、义、语病这四个必考点和文学常识、标点、修辞、应用文、课文内容等选考点。 (2)课堂复习和小检测同步进行。教师分册、分单元分工比照中考卷，出中考选择题，每册4 套，每套6 道选择题。3、全面复习，圈定重点，夯实基础，人人过关复习文言文阅读。 (1)利用集体备课，分析近三年中考卷，共同筛选，圈定文言文复习重点篇目十来篇。 (2)按九——七年级的顺序，分册复习文言重点篇目。课堂复习比照中考考点，如一词多义、通假字、重点实词、文言句式、课文内容的理解分析，重点句子的翻译等。 (3)复习中课课有练习、检测。4、教师认真负责地督促，做到人人参与，人人过关。督促学生课余改错、过关。 四、震后阅读训练复习，联系实际综合训练出成绩。1、利用学生手边资料组织三种文体的阅读复习，教给学生答题技巧及一些专门术语。2、选取抗震救灾阅读材料练习和其他考区中考题练习。 五、精选重点诗词，教师出题并给出答案，背、答结合。 六、间周限时作文，规范书写，提高写作水平。范文引导全面提高。 七、问题反思。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 1、跑教材，复习现代文费时多，成效不明显。新课标“读文本，熟悉文本”这 一要求该如何来处理，需要语文教师深入研究。2、课外现代文阅读训练还不够 系统化，对答题技巧的训练还需加强。 3、作文训练计划安排不够塌实，联系时代特点的训不够。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification