大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解1-10

大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解1-10 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解1 What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it. The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what ―real Americans‖ eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles. Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 . But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain. The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束 s what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that 缚). It’ help define America as a community today. A. answer I. creative B. result J. belief C. share K. suspicious D. guilty L. certainty E. constant M. obsessed F. defined N. identify G. vanish O. ideals H. adapted 答案及解析 1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思， 以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. ―对„„ 感到有愧‖。全句的意思为―我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感‖。 2.M be obsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为―被„„附上/缠住/迷住心窍‖，放在本 句表示―十分重视‖。全句的意思为―我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地 在蔓延‖。 3. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选 项answer. 4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据 上下文，表示―旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 来酗酒‖，可以 确定I为正确选项。 5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上 文表示―应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物‖，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上―美国 的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了‖，因此可以确定F为正确 选项。 6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。 7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺 的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，―美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度 是矛盾的‖，可以推出本句意义为―坚定的观点也不是确定不变的‖。因此可以确 定L为正确选项。 8. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of ―对„„感到怀疑‖。 9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项 belief，(have)belief in sth.― 相信„„‖。 10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为share, share sth. with sb., ―与某人分享某事‖。 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解2 Baekeland and Hartmann report that the ―short sleepers‖ had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines. In general, these ―short sleeps‖ appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动 摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear ―normal‖ or ―acceptable‖ to their friends and associates. When asked to recall their dreams, the ―short sleepers‖ did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away. The sleep patterns of the ―short sleepers‖ were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人). The ―long sleepers‖ were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the ―short sleepers.‖ Many of the ―long sleepers‖ were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems. 1. According to the report,______. A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood 2. Many ―short sleepers‖ are likely to hold the view that _____. A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles 3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____. A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep C) do not know how to relax properly D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems 4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____. A) appear disturbed B) become energetic C) feel dissatisfied D) be extremely depressed 5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage? A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patients C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest 答案:DCBAB 贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，―睡眠少的人‖在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间 大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的 地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点:夜间睡 眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。 总的说来，这些―睡眠少的人‖表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识 乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作， 或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋 友和熟人面前表现得―正常‖或―合群‖。 当让他们回忆梦境时，―睡眠少的人‖回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情 愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式:不承认问题的存 在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。 ―睡眠少的人‖的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似， 只不过没有那么严重而已。 ―睡眠多的人‖情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的， 有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需 的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比―睡眠少的人‖要更能回忆 得起梦的内容。许多―睡眠多的人‖腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿 沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方 式。 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解3 Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖ and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices. In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence. 1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following? A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses. B) They want to win the permission of their parents. C) They have a strong desire to become independent. D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents. 2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____. A) love B) financial concern C) their parents D) family background 3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______. A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents B) most American people never make major decisions for their children C) American young adults possess cultural values of independence D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently 4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____. A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school B) he wants to prove his independence C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of D) he wants to show his love for his parents 5. The subject matter of this selection is _____. A) family values B) marriage arrangements C) the pursuit of a career D) decision making 答案: CACBA 子女一旦到适当年龄(通常是18至21岁)，要鼓励而不是强迫他们―离开窝的， 财政的巢‖，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出 路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫 的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认 识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他 们的选择。 许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会 设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了证实 自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲 的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意 味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不 例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解4 Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness. Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text. Q: 1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ . s familiarity with the text A. one’ B. one’s purpose in reading C. the length of a group of words D. lighting and tiredness 2. The author may believe that reading ______. A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation B. requires a reader to see words more quickly C. demands an deeply-participating mind D. demands more mind than eyes 3 What does the author mean by saying ―but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.‖ in the second parapraph? A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted. B. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words. C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading. D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words. 4. Which of the following is NOT true? A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time. B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training. C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading. D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text. 5. The tune of the author in writing this article is ________ A critical B neutral C prssimistic D optimistic 答案:CCCDA 解题思路 1 C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素:不同的人，不同的阅读目 的，对 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C―一组词的长度‖不是能影响视幅的因素， 是本题的答案。 2 C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程 只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能 力。因此选项C―阅读需要大脑的深度参与‖正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素 的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以AB两项 都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D 3 C。 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出 了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。 所以作者的意思应该是那些(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与 文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。 4 D。 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D 是错的，是本题答案。 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写 5 A。 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解5 Our quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot. The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. (This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.)Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living. 1. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ____. A) entitles us to too much leisure time B) urges us to get things done punctually C) deprives us of leisure time D) imposes on us a perfect concept of time 2. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ____. A) the excitement of life B) magnificent idling of time C) more emphasis on efficiency D) terrifying schoolboy 3. The passage tells us ____. A) Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient B) all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will C) Chinese engineers are on better terms with the management D) Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency 4. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to ____. A) great confusion B) increased production C) a hard and exciting life D) successful completion of a tunnel 5. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ____. A) every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboy B) every American is reluctant to be efficient C) every one should have some time to spend as he pleases D) being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formed 答案: 1.C)deprives us of leisure time对应原文第一句but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves. 选项A是与作者想法完全相反的; 选项B 虽有章可循, 但要注意原文是it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly, 而非it直接urges us to get things done punctually; 选项D要看清, 原文 是a different conception of time而非a perfect concept of time. 2.C)more emphasis on efficiency对应原文第二段第一句The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. 通过第一段可以 看出, 与efficiency对立的是this kind of glorious and magnificent idling, 而 industrial life又forbids, 自然说明industrial life gives rise to more emphasis on efficiency. 3.D)Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency. 排除法: A)Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient不符合原文()中的内容; B)all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will语气太重, 不是被强迫讲求效率, 也不是 违背自己意愿, 只是为了适应工业 社会; C)Chinese engineers are on better terms with the management不属于 4.A)great confusion对应原文(This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.) 5.C)every on should have some time to spend as he pleases, 这是4个选项中唯一 一个符合is implied but NOT stated两个条件的. A选项有被直接提及, B选项 reluctant是不愿的意思, 而 总结一下, 今天这期比昨天讲小猫小狗的阅读要难一些- -, 是一篇既要求词汇 量, 同时又要求答题技巧的典型的阅读理解. 所谓答题技巧, 就是首先要读懂文 章的大概意思, 然后注意一些关键句子. 关键句子很有可能出现在段落的连接部分, 比如开头和结尾. 一般情况下, 阅 读理解的前面几道题是可以从原文的关键句子中直接找出答案的, 而后面几道 题, 往往要求综合全文来分析. 最近几天的阅读, 大体分为两种: 一种是偏向主 观论述的阅读, 比如倒数55天的癌症、倒数53天的空调和今天的效率; 另一种 是偏向客观叙述的阅读, 比如倒数52天的家养宠物和倒数54天的无家可归的儿 童. 前者往往要着重考虑作者的中心思想, 后者往往要着重考虑作者的整体 Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. 1. What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph? A) There exists thousands of species of animals in the world. B) Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals. C) In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast. D) An animal will be useless unless domesticated. 2. When an animal is underfed, it will probably ____. A) refuse to obey its master B) immediately fall ill C) require its master to offer some food D) seek for food on its own 3. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage? A) They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man. B) They have great adaptation for the environment. C) There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe. D) The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world. 4. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____. A) not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it B) to pay attention to its proper feeding C) not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exercise D) to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations 5. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage? A) Domesticated Animals - Man’s Best Friend B) Proper Diet - the Road to Health C) The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals D) Some Tips on Pet-keeping 答案: 1.B)Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals. 黑体部 分为第一段两个要点，A只包含了一个要点，C只提到了一头驴。。。D则完全与 第一段无关。这道选错了要面壁哦。 2.A)refuse to obey its master对应原文Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps(即题干中的When an animal is underfed, 所以要在这句话 中找答案,), and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. 由于 答案比较隐晦, 先保留A, B(直接得病)、C(要求食物)和D(自己觅食)均未从此句 中得到丝毫体现, 所以A为最接近答案. 因为我家养过狗, 所以比较清楚, refuse to obey its master的一个表现就是listless and dull, 简单的说, 就是你逗它它没反 应。。。 3.D)The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world完全 无法对应原文。。。A)They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man对应原文 Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities; B)They have great adaptation for the environment对应原文Husky存在于两极和Saluki存在于非洲的叙述, 两极和非 洲都能适应, 说明它们有很强的适应环境的能力; C)There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe对应原文的are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. 4.B)to pay attention to its proper feeding对应原文All domestic animals need proper food. 整个第3段都是围绕着how to keep a domestic animal physically fit展 开的. 5.A)Domesticated Animals - Man’s Best Friend为最合适答案, 在成千上万种现存于世的动物中，人类已学会与许多物种交朋友。这些动物中 有的成为人的宠物，与他作伴;有的起保护作用;有的做一些人们自己做不了伙 伴关系的重活。北美洲爱斯基摩的厚毛狗考试大可以生活在寒冷的极地地带，萨 卢基狗生活在中非最炎热的地区。某些国家居民的生计依靠骆驼。在西印度群岛， 脚步稳健的小驴，在山上驮载重物的景象也屡见不鲜。 经过许多代的驯养之后，家畜已不习惯在野外四处寻觅食物和寻找栖身之处。 它们要靠主人提供生存必需品，只要需求得以满足，它们乐意为主人效力。 所有的家畜都需要合适的食物。食物必须适合它们的需要，此外还要数量充 足，新鲜干净。有些人用饭桌上剩下的残羹冷炙喂养小猫小狗，之后搞不懂为 什么这些动物变得好像有点无精打采、缺乏灵气。喂食的多少取决于动物的大小 和它的运动量。喂得过多和喂得过少一样有害。要想动物健壮，食物和饮水的容 器必须经常清理干净。 即使是精心照料的动物有时也会生病。如果发生这种情况，精明的主人会竭力 寻求最佳建议。为生病的动物提供的各种药物和治疗到处都可以得到，有些国家 还成立了组织为生病动物提供廉价或无偿的药物和治疗。对有用的、友善的和拼 命干活的动物，主人理应为其健康投入一些时间、金钱并给予关心照顾。 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解7 The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War ?. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants. But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the effects of the vast cooling of American. In fact, air conditioning has substantially altered the country’s character and customs. Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous that they are scarcely noticed. To begin with, air-conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy, boxy, sealed-in skyscrapers. It has been indispensable, no less, to the functioning of sensitive advanced computers, whose high operating temperatures require that they be constantly cooled. . . It has, at will, forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life. It is really surprising that the public’s often noted withdrawal into self-pursuit and privacy has coincided with the historic spread of air-conditioning. Though science has little studied how habitual air-conditioning affects mind and body, some medical experts suggest that, like other technical avoidance of natural variations in climate, air-conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress. If so, air-conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way - while indirectly weakening him in others. 1. According to this selection, which of the following constitutes the unique character of U.S.? A) Its excessive use of air-conditioning. B) Its advanced computerized civilization. C) Its public’s retreating into self-pursuit. D) Its greatest contribution to human civilization. 2. According to the author, the chief consequence brought about by the wide application of air-conditioning is ____. A) the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climate B) the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life C) the active life style of all its users D) the decreased human production and power 3. The tone of this selection reveals that air-conditioning ____. A) has little effect on its users B) has more effect on body than on mind C) brings more benefits than damage to its users D) does harm as well as good to its users 4. Who benefits the least from air-conditioning according to the author? A) Medical experts. B) Manufacturers. C) Factory laborers. D) Consumers. 5. What is the author’s overall attitude towards air-conditioning? A) Neutral B) Objective C) Critical D) Compromising 答案: 1.A)Its excessive use of air-conditiong对应原文Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants. take sth for granted认为某事理所当然 2.B)the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life对应原文forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life neighborhood life社区生活 选项A并未对应题干中的According to the author 而是对应原文中的some medical experts suggest that 3. 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 答案是C)brings more benefits than damage to its users，但我认为应该选 D)does harm as well as good to its users，对应原文最后一句If so, air-conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments(positive words) that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way - while indirectly weakening him in others(negative words)，于是does harm as well as good to its users. 4.D)Consumers是最精确的。原文直接批判空调的一句话是forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life，显然according to the author，consumers为从空调中受益最 少的。而ABC三个选项，BC可以作为by increasing his productivity的受益者， A的工作性质则完全与空调无关，ABC甚至也都可以成为D的一种。 5.C)Critical对应原文It has, at will, forced，听起来很像批判。 at will随意 任意 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解8 Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers. Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the ―throwaway‖ youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education. 1. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____. A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities C) there is a serious shortage of academic facilities D) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education 2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____. A) 350,000 B) 1,500,000 C) 440,000 D) 110,000 3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____. A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as children B) the homeless population is growing rapidly C) the homeless children usually stay outside school D) some homeless children are deserted by their families 4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___. A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized B) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine C) the address of grade-school children should be located D) all homeless people are entitled to free education 5. The passage mainly deals with ____. A) the legal problems of the homeless children B) the educational problems of homeless children C) the social status of older males D) estimates on the homeless population 答案:C C D A B 直到20世纪80年代，美国无家可归的人口主要包括的还是年龄较大的男性。 现在，社会上年龄较小的一些人也面临无家可归的威胁。的确，美国市长会议在 1987年对25个城市进行了一项调查，结果表明，在无家可归的人口中，儿童的 增长比例是最快的。许多无家可归的儿童都聚集在城市的中心地带。其中学龄儿 童四处流浪，饱受惊吓。这给已经负担考试大过重的城市教学和教学管理带来了 许多额的外的麻烦，其中既涉及法律问题又涉及教育问题。 美国无家可归的人口数量估计在35万到300万人之间。同样，无家可归的学 龄儿童人数也无法做出准确的估计。一份根据各州估计数字而得出的美国教法的 育部的报告指出，有22万无家可归的学龄儿童，其中约有三分之一没有按规定 上学。然而国家关于无家可归人员的联盟会却估计，这样的儿童人数至少还应该 多一倍，其中半数以上没有正常入学。考试大 有一部分无家可归的人口尤其难以统计，就是那些遭家庭遗弃的―浪荡‖少年。 据纽约 小学 小学生如何制作手抄报课件柳垭小学关于三违自查自纠报告小学英语获奖优质说课课件小学足球课教案全集小学语文新课程标准测试题 中心估计，这样的人口有150万左右。其中还有许多小孩没有估计进 去，因为这些小孩不呆在安全的家中，却往往独自在街头流浪。 联邦法律(1987年斯图尔德•B•麦肯尼无家可归人员救助法案)有一部分专门 指出了无家可归儿童的教育需要。法案中有关于教育的条款所依据的观点是所有 无家可归的儿童都有权接受正规的义务教育。 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解9 Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic(流行性) there is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. proportions. Not the disease itself — Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking ,the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety, The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are dun to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is ―cleaned up.‖ This is not at all the meaning. The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world — for example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities — but that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere. 1(Which of the following is closest to meaning to the phrase ―leveling off‖? A)Became very popular B)Reached its lowest level in popularity C)Stopped being popular D)Stopped increasing its popularity 2(According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____. A)to be based on inactive life style B)to be due to anxiety C)to result from environmental influences D)to be caused by heavy smoking 3(It can be inferred from the passage that the writer’s opinion about the relationship between cancer and environment is_____. A)positive B)negative C)neutral D)approving 4(According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____. A)cancer risk is on the rise B)the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen C)the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people conceive D)cancer can be cured sooner or later 5(Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage? A)Cancer and Environment B)The Fear Caused by Cancers C)Data on Cancer Incidence D)Cancer and its Investigation D，C，B，C，A 大家都害怕癌症，这种恐慌正在蔓延开来。倒不是惧怕癌症本身，癌症也并非 流行病。除了主要由于抽烟引起的肺癌之外，癌症的发病率不但稳定下来，而且 有些还正在减少。但人们却都谈―癌‖色变，陷入一种惶恐不安之中。地球本身看 上去就越来越像一个巨大的致癌物。有一种多多少少带点科学性的普遍说法，认 为80%到90%的癌症都是由于环境中的物质引起的。也就是说，直到把整个环 境都―清洁干净‖，我们才没有危险。然而，数据所说明的真正含义根本不是这样。 80%这个数据是基于全球不同地区癌症发病率的差异统计出来的。比如，非洲 和远东地区肝癌比例高，日本胃癌比例高，西欧和北美乳腺癌比例高，但是日本 和非洲部分地区乳腺癌病例较少，美洲肝癌病例也较少。这些差异使人难于置信。 这些数据表明，不同地区癌症的发病率可能受到环境中某些具体和特殊的影响， 其实这种影响主要是由个人的生活方式决定的。所以数据不能说明全部情况。如 果把所有病例合计起来，也许各地总体发病率都大致相同。 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解10 After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims. Injuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highway. In addition, __3__ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes. In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place. The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. [A]changes [B]flexible [C]decrease [D]recent [E]push [F]reduce [G]relatively [H]safety [I]resistant [J]expensive [K]force [L]accordingly [M]intensity [N]security [O]opposed Answers: 1.选M)。此处应填名词，作介词of的宾语，作为后置定语修饰earthquake， ‖的自然属性。选项中的名词有changes，safety，intensity和说明该名词是―地震 security，只有intensity可以表示地震的强度，故选M)。 2.选G)。此处应填副词，用来修饰形容词less。选项中的副词有relatively―相对的‖和accordingly―相应的‖，第一段说这次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一样，但造成的损失却小很多，再从后句中―高速路上的车辆不是很多‖可以推断:这次的地震造成的―死伤人数‖与1998年比少很多，即少是相对的，故选G)relatively。 3.选A)。空格中要填的词是本句话中的主语，应为名词。这句话的主干是have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways,从第三段的内容和注释3的解析可知:建筑结构发生了变化，故应选择A)changes。 4.选I)。此处应填形容词，和其前面的more构成形容词的比较级，描述新型建筑与地震有关的性能。them = the city’s buildings and highways, have strengthened "被加固"说明他们更有抵御风险的能力了。选项中的四个形容词只有resistant符合这个意思，故选I)。 5.选B)。此处应填形容词，修饰名词materials。从后面的...bent without breaking "即使弯曲也不会折断"，说明是有韧性的材料。选项中的四个形容词只有flexible表示―柔韧的，可变形的‖，故B)正确。 6.选F)。此处应填名词。根据上下文insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation―在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材‖是为了减少the impact of ground vibrations"地面震动对建筑物的影响"。选项中decrease和reduce都可以表示―减少‖的意思，前者指稳定的逐步地减少，后者强调在大小、程度或强度方面下降或减少。故F)reduce更符合题意。 7.选D)。根据注释3，可以推知，这里要填的词是和前面的In the past, Laer相对应的，选项中的形容词中只有recent可表示时间，the most recent desighs―最近的设计‖，在原文中可以对应―过去，后来‖，故D)为正确答案。 8.选K)。前面提到了智能建筑，这里说明当地震使这样的建筑向前倒的时候，电脑会怎样它，使它相反方向移动。在动词push和force之间悬着。push强调的 是外加的力量，而这里的拖力者是与智能建筑一体的计算机系统，故这里force符合文意。 9.选N)。此后应填名词，做动词offer的宾语。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是这些措施的结果。抗震型建筑为城市提供的应该是更多 ‖的词有safety和security，前者是处于安全状态，的安全保障，选项中表示―安全 不受伤害，没有危险，多用于人身，货物。后者常指国家社会的免遭战争，灾难而安然无恙，故N)security更符合文意。 10.选J)。此处应填形容词。从后面的However后的一句说明智能建筑的优点而得知，However前所说的是智能建筑的缺点。既然智能建筑很聪明，又是新事物，那么建造起来肯 会耗费很多资金的，所以选J)expensive。