写英语作文的第一反应

2013届高考英语书面表达常用词汇句型集锦、高考英语书面表达高分秘籍和优秀英语作文必备-英文写作第一反应词替换表 任何一篇文章都离不开篇章纽带的起承转合。尤其是高考英语书面表达,尽管它不属于真正意义上的作文,但作文的基本要素却是不能缺乏的。因此,高分的关键和作文的出彩在于过渡词(transitional words)恰到好处的运用。牢记并自如地运用过渡词是每一位考生决胜高考的法宝。以下是书面表达中常用连词分类举例。 ▲举例:for example,for instance,take…for exa mple,such as,like,and so on, so on and so forth,and so on and on and on,etc.等。 ▲说明:that's to say,in other words,namely,等。 ▲因果:so,for,therefore,as a result,thus,because,because of,thanks to…, owing to…,due to ……等。 ▲递进:then,besides,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what's more等。 ▲顺序:firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally;in the first place,in the second place, in the third place,lastly to begin with,then,furthermore,finally;to start with, next,in addition,finally;first and foremost,besides,last but not least;most important of all,moreover,finally(以上为时间顺序) in the front of,in front of …,before,behind,at the back of,on the right/left (of),to the right /left of…,on the other side of …,in the center of …,in the middle of …,at the beginning of ,at the end of …,by the side of …,on the top of …,at the foot of …,on the bottom of,inside,outside,upstairs,downstairs(以上为空间顺序) ▲转折:nevertheless,however,although,though,but,on the country, after all,oppositely等。 ▲ 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf :in short,in a word,in general,generally speaking,finally,at last, as far as I know,in brief,briefly speaking,in the end,as a matter of fact,in reality,in fact,on the whole,in conclusion,on account of this,therefore等。▲强调:really,indeed,certainly,surely,for sure,above all等。 ▲对比:in the same way,just as,in common with,compared with,on the one hand…on the other hand,for one thing… for another,similarly等。 ▲平行:and,both…and…,as well as,as well,neither…nor…or,either…or…,not only…but also…等。 二、书面表达的常考常用句型在实际的英语写作中,我们应该掌握一些常用的句型以便在实战中发挥作用。高考英语书面表达的句式基本上都是简单句,就是复合句也大都是极普通的常用句式或句型。先讨论简单句的使用情况。所谓简单句式在英语中无非是三种基本句型及其扩充。 一类是S.+V.+O.式,例如,①I like English and computer best. (NMET1996) ②I started school from 1984 to 1990.(NMET1996) 二类是S.+V.+Adv.式,例如,①My parents live in the country.(NMET1993) ②The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. (NMET1997)三类是S.+V.+Pre. 例如,①My name is Li Hua.(NMET1996) ②The playground is now in front of the school.(NMET1999) ③It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000. (NMET2000) 下面我们主要分析一下书面表达中部分复合句式,惯用句型与套语以及惯用结构等。高考英语书面表达中的复合句式多为带时间状语从句的复合句和带宾语从句的复合句,其他如强调句型、带定语从句的复合句、带主语从句的复合句、条件句、让步或转折的句式等,也是常见常用常考的复合句形式。有些复合句式几乎年年都考。复合句虽可化简,但就一篇文章而言,若全是简单句,无一复合句或难句起采,难见考生功力,得高分就不容易了。所以,该用复合句或难句表现的,而且自信没什么问题,就应大胆写出来,考生切记。 1. 带时间状语从句的复合句①Before we knew it,we had to say good-bye to the workers. (NMET1998) ②In short,things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. (NMET2001) ③As we got into a forest,we lost out way.(北京2002) ④It's also possible a pickpocket stole your money while you were shopping. (2004北京卷) ⑤When I was about to play football,I saw mom washing clothes for me. (2004重庆卷) ⑥By the time mom came back,I had finished the work. (2004重庆卷) ⑦Soon after I started,a friend came and invited me to play football with him. (2004重庆卷) ⑧As the snatcher was running past him,the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatcher's legs. (2004辽宁卷) 这类时间状语从句不仅考得频繁,而且连词when,while,as,before,after甚至by the time都考到了,时态上现在时、过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时等都出现了。而且有些年份带时间状语从句的复合句还同时出现多次。因此我们建议广大考生应加强训练这类复合句,在高考中尽量少犯错误。 2. 带宾语从句的复合句①I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent,and how well you've learned Chinese. (NMET2004,I) ②I'm sure we'll have a wonderful time and enjoy each other's company. (NMET2004,II) ③I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. (NMET2004,III) ④I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded,and if so,could I borrow the tape?(NMET2004,III) ⑤I'm so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. (2004浙江卷) ⑥Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries. (2004浙江卷) ⑦Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood. (2004湖北卷) ⑧I would also think that the growth population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better hometown in future. (2004江苏卷) 3. 带定语从句的复合句①The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET2003) ②If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help. (NMET2004,I) ③People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. (NMET2002) ④As is shown on Chart 2,only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. (2004北京卷) ⑤So the missing money still must be in the other jacket,the one you were wearing yesterday!(2004北京卷) 4. 其他 ▲强调句型It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister. (NMET1993)▲带主语从句的复合句 ①Here is how you can find us.(NMET1995) ②On the other side,where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library.(NMET1999) ▲so that句型: ①I became so impatient that I had to go to explain my difficulty. (2004广东卷) ②I am so sorry that I won't be able to …。tomorrow afternoon. (NMET2004, III) ③I would also think that the growth population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better hometown in future. (2004江苏卷) ④The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying. (2004广东卷) ▲让步或转折: ①It was hard for me,but I felt it a pleasure to be able to share housework with mom.(2004重庆卷) ②I don't know about others,but I used to have to work even at weekends doing homework and attending classes as well. (NMET2001) ③Although the city is modern and convenient,there are still some problems,such as air pollution,crowdedness and noise. (2004湖南卷) ④I know the school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning,but in the afternoon,I'll show you around and take you to some places of interest. (NMET2004,II) ▲条件句: ①If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time,it will be very easy for them to mix them up.(2004湖北卷) ②If you would like to try,you' ll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. (NMET2004,I) ③If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help. (NMET2004,I) 三。书面表达开头和结尾的写作 1.书面表达的开头俗话说万事开头难。其实,一点也不难。高考英语书面表达的开头句一般已为你写好。你要做的是分段缩进重起第二段。注意千万不要接着已写好的首句。一是不美观,二是不便于阅卷老师细览。那么你的起头句实际上是第二段了。开始句根据要求一般可以写的漂亮一点,即要用一些好的套语开始。比如: ①Opinions are divided on the question.(NMET2002) ②Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. (2004北京卷) ③As is shown on Chart 2,only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. (2004北京卷) ④Although the city is modern and convenient,there are still some problems,such as air pollution,crowdedness and noise.(2004湖南卷) ⑤My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us.(2004全国卷I) ⑥I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. (2004全国卷III) 可是很多考生总在开头处写的不尽如人意,总喜欢搞一些生造的句子或词语来开头,这是一大忌。有些开头可以以套语开始,或以俗语开始比较有力,这样就容易被老师看好。档位在开始时就已定得很高了。现以2004湖北卷书面表达试题的开始句为例看考生的千奇百怪的错误: ①Some students agreed start learning English from childhood. ②Some students think:we should learn English from childhood. Because of we have a good memory in childhood. ③Some students considered it's useless to slart learning English from childhood. ④One group thought its necessary to start learning English from child. ⑤In some students opinion,we shall start learning English from childhood. ⑥S ome of students considered that children at their ages had a good memory… 2.书面表达的结尾:⑦⑧结尾在书面表达的写作中占有很重要的地位,通常结尾都要算一个内容要求,所以,写好结尾且让阅卷老师有一个完整的印象是十分必要的。好的结尾可以是一段,由一句或几句话组成,能使全文增色。例如: ①If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷I) ②It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. (2004全国卷III) ③What's more,some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder. Don't you think it a wonderful program?(2004福建卷) ④Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries. (2004浙江卷) ⑤By the time mom came back,I had finished the work. Mom praised me,and I felt proud too. (2004重庆卷) ⑥In short,the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.(2004湖北卷)但是,在实际的操作中,许多考生却不知如何来结尾,原本一、两句话或极少的表达就可很圆满地完成写作任务,往往又旁生枝节,写上一些废话,甚至错话,结果因表达不当又被扣分。以2004年湖北卷书面表达试题考生的错误为例,可以看出很多考生是吃力不讨好的。结尾中主要的错误体现在不必要的累赘和废话上面: ▲结尾的枝节(不必要的累赘) ①In a word,the discussion is broken…… ②In my opinion,the students should enjoy free,sunshine,flowers,the walks in the beauty of the countryside not except the studying. ③Though they have two different kinds of opinions about this discussion,but they are very friendly in this discussion. ▲废话 ①The discuss meeting didn't again a same result. ②What do you think,can you tell me. ③The discussion didn't get a conclusion. What's your opinion? 高考英语书面表达高分秘籍 高考英语书面表达高分秘籍 第一,写好句子 1) 熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。我们知道,单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础,然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的,耗时费力不说,拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语,很不地道。因此,考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”,并会活用。写句子要注意以下几点:(1)主谓要一致;(2)正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气; (3)名词的格要与代词的格一致;(4)句子结构成分完整,特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。 2)一个句子一个重心,句意清楚,合乎逻辑。 3)句子开头首字母要大字,句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。 第二.组句成文 一般说来,文章可以通过句子的进展和句子之间的各种结合来构成。 1)熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transitional words)。例如: 并列关系:and, as well as, also… 递进关系:besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more… 转折关系:but, yet, however, although, otherwise, or, in spite of, despite, instead of, in the end… 时间顺序:while, when, soon after, before, afterward, finally, first, then, next, as soon as … 比较、对比:like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand… 总结in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking… 进一步阐述:in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance, such as … 因果关系:as a result, so, thus, therefore… 2) 明确表达文章主题,内容要点全面,不要节外生枝。 3) 要点安排得当,使之文通字顺,合乎逻辑,层次清晰。 4) 注意养成写完后自我检查的习惯,应重点检查: a, 要点有无遗漏; b. 句法、词法有没有问题; c. 单词拼写有无错误; d. 大小写、标点符号有无问题; e. 字数是否在题目要求范围之内。 二、高考英语写作高分秘诀 1.句式要有变化 ①复杂句、并列句 ②倒装句 (1)虚拟语气中if省略;(2)only+状语置于句首 (3)否定词置于句首(4)地点副词置于句首 ③强调句型 It is ……that (who)… ④非谓语动词。 ⑤虚拟语气 ⑥固定句型结构 too…to…so…that…such a…that…not only…but also…neither…nor…such as…not …until…so that…either…or… ⑦直接引语与间接引语 多种时态,动名词、不定式,并列结构 2.要使用高等级词汇及短语 ①使用高等级词汇②使用短语③使用谚语④使用表强调的词,如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth;the very; on earth等 ⑤使用修辞手法:明喻,暗喻,夸张,头韵,拟人等 as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat. 3. 使用连接词,过渡自然,连贯通顺,一气呵成。 1)用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有: above before me here on the left across below in the distance on the right beyond nearby opposite to over also further next to on top of up down close to beneath under around near to along 2) 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有: soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early, this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden , at noon , in the morning/afternoon/evening 3) 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有: first, second, etc. now for this purpose but as a result furthermore finally at last moreover also therefore likewise another for example next yet for instance on the contrary once in addition in summary such in this case on the other hand then otherwise in conclusion thus in closing 4) 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有: another moreover in addition (to) equally important too, also at the same time besides then in the same way in fact like, similarly 5) 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有: on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despite in spite of yet, but unlike nevertheless not only…but also here…there this…that years ago…today the former…the latter then…now the first…whereas the second some…others one…the other once…now on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面) 6)逻辑关系 递进: then(然后),besides(还有),furthermore(而且),moreover(此外) 转折: however(然而),but(但是),on the country(相反),after all(毕竟) 总结: finally(最后),at last(最后),in brief(总之), in conclusion(最后)。强调: indeed(确实),certainly(一定),surely(确定),above all(尤其)。对比: in the same way(同样地), just as(正如),on the one hand…on the other hand 三、书面表达常用句型及短语 1、学校生活及学习成绩 I’m getting on well with one’s study take several courses at school have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at … put one’s heart into… be interested in … be fond of like chemistry best be tired of …be good at …; be poor at …;do well in …;be weak in … make progress in …;improve oneself in …;fail in … pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade; He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。 get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位 (English is) more interesting to sb. learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work); take an active part in …; learn… by heart; work out a (maths) problem; get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in t he exam; have a good command of… lay a good foundation in (language study) won the first prize/ got the first place in the competition the first/top three winners(前三名) 2、师生关系 get on well with sb; like to be with students; be gentle with us; be kind to sb; be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils; be strict in work be satisfied with … We think of him (her) as …;help sb with sth; praise sb for sth …;blame sb for sth.. give advice on …;question sb on … correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work; try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.; teach sb to do sth. devote all one’s time to work; admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education 佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。 3、课余活动及周末生活 spend one’s time in many different ways; enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming; go for an outing/ a picnic; have an outing at (the seashore); see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin); play chess (basketball); have a swim; have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend; go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting; do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip; get everything ready for; ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park); There are a lot of activities at (the beach). We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city. She would like to bring sth. to the picnic. It was a very relaxing Sunday. There are good programmes on TV on weekends. Enjoy myself/ourselves; have a wonderful time 4、彼此沟通信息 take a message for sb; send a message to sb; hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell/ask sb to do sth; get information about…; express one’s idea (feelings) in English; Write sb a letter saying…;apologize to sb for …; make a speech t at the meeting; thank you for …; explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …;take sb’s side 5、事件中人的态度 would like to do; allow sb to do; force sb to do; call on sb to do; fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off; speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb; be afraid to do (be afraid of …);offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do; prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do/ not do ; regret doing; would rather (not) do. keep sb from doing prevent/stop sb. (from) doing); 6、事情过程 have the habit of doing…;have no trouble doing; make up one’s mind to do;prepare sb/oneself for …; give up doing…; do st h as usual; sb is prepared for/to do do what he wants us to do; set about doing;/set out to do try/do one’s best to do…=go all out to do; get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for the country ;do some good deeds to people; wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb; show (tell) sb. how to do…;take (send) sb to …; pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…; can’t help doing…;be prepared for more hard work; Some are (doing sth.A), others are (doing sth.B), and still others are doing (sth C) 7、感观活动与思维活动 look around for …;look up (down) at …;catch sight of …; take a look at …;hear sb do (doing); take notice of …; take view of …;have a good understa nding of …; consider sb (sth) to be …;come to know…; realize that …;know that +从句 welcome/welcomed sb at/in front of the gate Everyone is welcome to attend the lecture/activity 8、情感与欲望 be pleased with …;be delig hted in doing…; take a pleasure in doing; be worried about; feel surprised at …be sorry for …; be angry with sb for sth; be angry about …(为某事生气); look forward to doing…;wish to do; expect to do; long for (long to do); be sick for one’s home;have a strong desire to do …; 9、健康状况及治疗 be in good shape; be in good (poor )health; feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever; have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s t emperature; have got a pain in …;be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes); It’s nothing serious.stay in bed until…; save one’s life 10、其它 It (take)sb. some time to do…;It is said that …; be fit for; be short of; be well dressed; miss the lecture (train); change…into…; waste/ spend time doing; be busy doing; have no choice but to do; I can’t help it. be in need of…;be mistaken about …; fall behind…;catch up with; take sth by mistake (错拿) have trouble (in) doing sth. on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…; Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer. Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports. Say goodbye to sb. See sb off 11、信件常用语 You letter came to me this morning. I (have received)/ am glad to receive your letter of July the 20th. I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday. I’m writing to ask if you can come next week. How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last. Thank you for your letter. In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…; Let me tell you that… Best wishes, Look forward to( your coming)/ receiving your letter 12、问路和应答 Go down this street Turn night/left at the first crossroads It’s about…metres from here You can’t miss it In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in) Pass two blocks 四、句子练习 改写下列各句,把短语变为并列句、复合句或带有分词短语、介词短语或其他短语的句子: 1. Xu comes from a working-class family. He enrolled in college last fall. 2. The dean issued a bulletin. It said the library would remain open at weekends. 3. We have made some progress. We still have a long way to go. 4. The sky was cloudless. The sun was shining brightly. 5.There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane. About one third of them were foreigners. 6. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. Her mother was a famous pianist. 7. Napoleon was born in 1769. At that time Corsica had just been acquired by France. 8.She appeared on the stage. A stormy applause broke forth. 9. He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him. He went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket. 优秀英语作文必备-英文写作第一反应词替换表 很多同学经常把第一反应词翻来覆去的用,这样的后果就是: 第一,写文章时用词的质量一直上不去;第二,一直缺乏对背过的单词的应用以及通过应用的语境理解和辨析。下面,给大家列举了我们在写作常用的那些第一反应词的替换表, 旨在告诉大家,要让自己的语言表达能力书面化,多样化。 很多同学在写作的时候,往往想到某个意思,立刻脑子中想到都是例如I think, important, show, because, moreandmore等等这些词汇,这些词汇在英语教学中,我们称他们为第一反应词,所谓第一反应词,很好理解,就是每个人第一时间反应出来的这些表达。那么,如果要写出一篇高质量的文章,除了内容,词的使用能够表现出你的英语能力,我们很多同学的阅读词汇量远远大于写作词汇量,原因很简单,大家背了很多漂亮的单词,但是却从不给他们“出镜”的机会,而是把这些第一反应词翻来覆去的用,这样的后果就是:第一,写文章时用词的质量一直上不去;第二,一直缺乏对背过的单词的应用以及通过应用的语境理解和辨析。下面,我给大家列举了我们在写作常用的那些第一反应词的替换表,旨在告诉大家,要让自己的语言表达能力书面化,多样化。 through->in term of/via operate->manipulate offspring->descendant inevitable-dispensable detail->specific explain->interpret obvious->conspicuous hurt->vulnerable use->employ/utilize value->merit provide->lend->offer true->accurate leading to->contribute to/ conduce to/result in more and more->increasing/growing hardly->merely->barely well-known->outstanding large->miraculous/marvelous although->albeit/notwithstanding in fact->actually/virtually want->intend to/tend to/be inclined to because->in that may be->probably to sum->to summarize/in conclusion explain->interpret/illustrate change->alert chance->alternative custom->convention/tradition think->contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect arouse->ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate limit->stress/hinder/hamper key->crucial/vital/consequential old->ancient emphasis->accentuate devote to->dedicate to character->trait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/personality expect->anticipate join->participate delegate->representative bias->prejudice/discriminate/tendency thrive->palmy/floushing/prosperity clash->conflict/collision/rencounter publicize->propagandize agree partly->agree with reserve proper->apposite want to->desire big city->metropolis lawmaking->legislation first->primarily but->nonetheless/nevertheless child->juvenile absorb->assimilate hand in->render undermine->sap/enervate/debilitate get into chaos->with chaos ensuing key->pivot/crux sway->vacillate fanatic patriotism->jingoism/chauvinism persusive->thorough/sound/specific/convincing consider->take into account vague->gratuitous/unwarranted/oversimplified [友情提示:本表中部分词汇偏难,超出了高中英语考纲范围,请慎用!]