托福独立性写作高分结构之让步转折递进
一、让步-转折-递进结构的展开
第一段:引言(明确表明自己支持的观点)
第二段:自己所反对观点的合理性(让步)
第三段:支持自己观点的要点一(转折)
第四段:支持自己观点的要点二(递进)
末段: 结论(重申自己的观点)
二、实战案例
Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a group of students?Which do
you prefer?use examples and reasons to support your answer. 第一段:
I hate to study alone. Studying with a group of students is more fun and helps me learn more and
faster, so i prefer to study with a group of students. 第二段:
Studying individually does offer some benefits.(让步)
E.g. no distraction
第三段:
However, studying in a group is more fun than studying individually.(转折)
第四段:
In addition, studying with a group helps me learn more and faster.(递进)
末段:
While studying alone tends to be less distracted, i prefer to study in a group setting, where i can
socialize and interact with my peers so that i can get a lot of fun and help
练习:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should not take part-time
jobs when they study in university.
第一段:
Having a job means many things. I think that it is good for students to have jobs while they are
studying in university.
第二段:
It is true that having a job can interfere with a student’s schoolwork.(让步)
第三段:
However, the disadvantages of having a job are outweighed by the benefits of doing so.(转折)
E,g. financial independence
第四段:
Moreover, working part-time provides opportunities for learning about the professional world and
getting to know key social contacts.(递进)
三、表示让步-转折-递进的语言
选择(动词):第一段用
choose A over B
favor
prefer
support
decide on
选择(名词):第一段用
choice (of)
preference (for)
option (for)
alternative (to)
让步:第二段段首用
Admittedly
It is true that ---
Sb/Sth does ---
转折:第三段段首用
Nevertheless
However
But
In spite of
Although
Even though
Granted that
递进:第四段段首用
Further
Furthermore
Besides
What’s more
Moreover
In addition
On top of that
Equally important is/are ---
四、表示让步-转折-递进文章的框架(A、B分别代表
题
快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
目中的两种观点) 1. I believe that B.(主题陈述)
I can understand why some people think that A.(第二段:让步)
I do not agree with this position.(第三段:转折)
Furthermore, B.(第四段:递进)
2. I prefer B(主题陈述)
A does offer some benefits(第二段:让步)
Despite the benefits of A, they are outweighed by the advantages of B.(第三段:转折)
Moreover, B ---(In addition, B)(第四段:递进)
第二段的让步段还可以如此表达:
Admittedly, A offers some benefits.
It is true that A offers some benefits
第三段的转折还可以如此表达:
However, the benefits of A are outweighed by the advantages of B.
3.I favor B.(主题陈述)
Objectively, A has some merit.(第二段:让步)
On the other hand, B makes more sense.(第三段:转折)
In addition, B.(第四段:递进)
范文
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should read only those books that are about real events, real people, and established facts.
In Francis Bacon’s eyes, books could serve human beings in various ways, “---either for pleasures,
or for ornament, or for ability,” Factually, there are so many books that it is difficult to summarize their goodness with simple words. As long as readers are able to gain some benefit from the books they have gone through, these books are all worth reading. Thus, it is naïve to be combined to certain types of books. Not only should people read those about real events, real people and established facts, but also other kinds of books might be beneficial to readers.
Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities are valuable and helpful to most people. Just like a huge treasure house, books of this kind may store the real-life experience of those have accomplished marvelous individual success. For instance, biographies and autobiographies often include the anecdotes of public figures, detailed illustration of their endeavors and the spiritual qualities shown in the process. Among them, Steve Jobs: A Biography should be brought up as a
shining representative example. As soon as the book was written, translated and distributed after the tragic death of this legendary talent, it took the world by storm. The unparalleled sales volume perfectly indicates the unimpeachable values encompassed within it. Buyers pay for the book not just because of awe and respect, but because of their eagerness to learn from his exceptional career and life as the creator and CEO of Apple Computers.
Nevertheless, science fiction and mystery stories also deserve reading. Even though they are generally based on the writer’s imagination and creativity, they are still worthwhile to the masses. Reading these books not only fills people with joy, but also trains their minds and provokes deeper thoughts. To illustrate, from the magical fantasies depicted in science fiction, scientists’ inspiration
might be sparked. Thus, they are like to come up with new hypotheses, which will lead to new breakthroughs in their research.
Furthermore, such works as fairy tales, comics and cartoons should be recommended as welll. Innocent children are the biggest beneficiaries of these books. Reading legendary stories and appreciating fancy drawings will for sure enrich their souls. They are guiding children into a colorful wonderland where they can sense the miracles created by the powerful minds of the writers. Meanwhile, they are also motivate to use their own imagination to establish a visualized kingdom for themselves. In the process, children’s brains are developed. I suppose most of us
must have read many fairy tales in childhood. Vivid characters like Snow White, the little Mermaid, and the little Prince used to be our fancied companions and are now still being cherished deeply in our memories.
As a matter of fact, it is the desired value of all good books to provide humans with food for thought. Being limited to only one type books might considerably narrow a reader’s mind and
knowledge scope. Thus, everyone should feel honored when gaining access to a vast variety of good books. They simply resemble the close friends we have made. Is spite of the differences, they are all helpful and faithful companions who deserve our life-long attention.