Grammar Unit2 过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补用法归纳
英语中过去分词可作宾补,即:过去分词放在宾语(名词或代词)后面作补语,构成复合宾语,(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)
表
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被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
1) 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如:see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice, 等。
①We saw the thief caught by the police.
②People found the water polluted.
③Have you heard a pop song sung in English?
④I heard my name called.
⑤The rich man felt himself cheated.
⑥We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
我们可以听到大雨敲打窗户的声音。
⑦I observed all the rooms broken into.
注意:see, hear, watch, notice 等动词后既可以加 v-ing 也可以用do(不带to的不定式),还可以跟 done, 但三者之间有区别: 用 v-ing 表示动作正在发生,即发生的过程还没有结束; 用do强调动作发生的全过程,即动作全过程结束了,用 done 表示宾语与宾补之间时被动的关系
①I saw her come into the classroom.我看到他进了教室。
②I saw her coming into the classroom.我看他正在走进教室。
③I saw her taken out of the classroom.我看到她被带出了教室。
2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如:have, make, get等。
如:make sth. done:让……被……
make oneself done. 让某人自己被…….或( 让别人……)
get sth. done
have sth. done
温馨提示:
让某人做某事 :have sb. do sth./ get sb. to do sth.
①We have made our views known to them.我们已经使他们知道了我们的观点。
②As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood.
③ I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。
④ He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
⑤They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.
⑥we will make ourselves understood in one day.
⑦He stood on the bench to make himself seen when he made an announcement.
⑧The little girl cried out to make herself noticed by the passers-by.
Speak a little louder to make yourself heard.
说话大声一点,让我们都能听到。
3)表保持某种状态的动词:keep, leave等。
keep /leave + n. /pron. + p.p
① Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。
②We mustn’t leave the work unfinished. 我们不能让工作半途而废。
③Please keep me informed of the latest news.请随时把最新消息告诉我。
④Keep your eyes closed for a moment.闭上眼睛一会儿。
⑤They kept the door locked for a long time.
温馨提示:
使役动词have接过去分词作宾补的3种情况。
a) 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 等于get sth. done
They are having their house painted.
他们正在请人油漆房屋。
b) 过去分词所表示的动作由句子的主语完成或句子的主语可能参与。等于get sth. done
I must have/get my homework finished first before going out to play.在出去玩之前,我一定得把我的作业完成。
We must have/get the task finished by Monday.我们必须在星期一以前完成这项任务。
c) 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历(主语遭遇某种不幸)。
如:
He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。
He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了)
4)表“希望,
要求
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,命令”的动词:
want, wish, expect, would like, order+ (to be) done
①I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.
②Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.
③I wish the problem settled at once.
④I would like my house (to be) painted white.
5)with +宾语+过去分词”结构
“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如:
① The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
②With water heated, we can see the steam. →If water is heated, we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)
③With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)
④She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他。
⑤They left without a dish touched.
⑥He left the office with the door unlocked.
⑦With everything well arranged, he left the office.
注意:
with+宾语(名词或代词)+宾补(adj. /adv./介词短语/v-ing/ v-ed/to do)
with sth. to do :有某事要做(表将来,不能用with sth. to be done)
①With all the problems solved, he felt relaxed.
②With all the problems to solve, the new president will have a hard time.
③With all the noise going on, I couldn’t concentrate on my study.
练习:
1)He likes to sleep with the window_________.(窗户开着) open
2)He likes to sleep with the lights_______.(灯开着)on
3)He likes to sleep with his hands ____________.(手放在胸前)on the chest
4)He likes to sleep with the bedroom________.(锁着)locked
5)He likes to sleep with the fire ____________.(火炉燃烧着)burning
6)With much work ______(do) today, he hurried to the company. to do
注意:在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。
e.g. She sat on the sofa, with her attention fixed on her novel.
当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时,用现在分词的形式。
e.g. :She felt her heart beating fast.
练习:
1.The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see____ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying C. carried out D. to carry out
carry out:实施(计划),履行(义务、约定),进行(实验)
2. In the past few years, we have had thousands of trees____ around out school.