初中英语课本第四册
LESSON 1
DRILLS（句型练习）
When shall we visit the Science Museum? Sometime next week.
A
A: Shall I get some chalk?
change the maps on the wall?
return these books to the library?
B: Yes, please. (No, thanks. Let Li Ping do it)
B
A: What shall we do in our English class tomorrow?
B: We’ll go over the new words.
have a test.
talk about some pictures.
C
A: When shall we have the class meeting?
the English evening?
the talk on the history of the party?
B: Next Wednesday afternoon.
A: Where shall we have it?
B: In the meeting-room.
DIALOGUE（对话）
LET ME HELP YOU
W --- Woman
L ---- Liu mei
P ---- Policeman
H ----Husband
(At a street corner.)
W (Looking very worried): Oh, dear! What shall I do?
(Liu Mei is on her way to see a film, but she stops.)
L: What’s the matter, Granny? Can I help you?
W: I’m here to see my husband. He’s in hospital. He wrote the name of the hospital in his letter, but I can’t find the letter now. what shall I do?
L: It’s not in any of your pockets?
W: No.
L: Maybe you put it in your basket.
W (looking in her basket): Ah, yes, here it is! (She shows it to Liu Mei.)
L: Yes, this is it.
W: How can I get there? I don’t know the way.
L: I don’t, either, Granny. I’ll ask the policeman. (Runs to the policeman at the corner.)
L: Excuse me, which is the way to the East Street Hospital?
P: Go down this street, then turn right at the second crossing. At the end of the road you’ll find the hospital. It’s about half an hour’s walk. But you can get there by bus.
L: Which bus shall I take?
P: The No.3 bus over there. It’ll take you right there.
L: Thank you. (Runs back to the old woman.) Granny, the hospital is a bit far from here. Shall we go by bus?
W: All right.
(Twenty minutes later the old woman finds her husband. How happy they are to see each other!)
H: But how did you get here?
W: This little girl brought me.
H: Which girl?
(They look around but Liu Mei is already gone)
W: What a good girl!
(Liu Mei is very late for the film, but she doesn’t mind.)
GRAMMAR（语法）
冠词 ( The Article)
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The Definite Article）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a 用在辅音之前，如a book, a man; an 用在元音之前，如 an old woman, an hour 等。the 是定冠词。
1、不定冠词的用法
1) 指人或事物的某一种类。这是不定冠词 a (an) 的基本用法。如：
I am a boy.
Pass me an apple, please.
2) 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：
A boy is waiting for you.
He borrowed a story-book from the library.
3)
表
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示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4) 用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of等。
2、定冠词的用法
1) 特指某些人或某些事物。这是定冠词the 的基本用法。如：
Beijing is the capital of China.
The book on the desk is mine.（特指桌上的那本书。 注意名词book被短语 on the desk 所限定。）
2) 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：
Where is the teacher? （双方都知道指的是哪一位教师。）
Open the window, please. （双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗。）
3) 指上文提过的人或事物。如：
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin.
4) 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.
5) 用在序数词和形容词的最高级前。如：
Mr Green taught the first class.
Alice is the tallest in her class.
6) 用在某些专有名词前。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the History Museum, the Science Museum, the Capital Stadium, the Children’s Palace, the East Street Hospital, the Party 等。
7) 用在一些习惯用语中。如：in the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, by the way 等。
3、下列情况中一般不用冠词
1) 在专有名词和不可数名词前。如：China, Grade Two, Class Three, science, chalk, ink, paper, water, tea, milk等。
2) 名词前已有做定语的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：
The letter is in her basket.
Go down this street.
3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：
My father and mother are teachers.
She likes reading stories.
4) 在节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：
Today is New Year’s Day.
It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc)
March 8 is Women’s Day.
It is cold in winter.
5) 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：
What’s the matter, Granny?
This is Comrade Wang.
6) 在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at moon, at night, at first, at last, by bus, in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。
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